初中虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)與答案帶解析

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解語(yǔ)氣 (mood) 是一種動(dòng)詞形式，用以表示說(shuō)話者的意圖或態(tài)度。 英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣有三種：陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。直陳語(yǔ)氣(indicative mood),表示所說(shuō)的話是事實(shí)。祈使語(yǔ)氣 (imperative mood),表示所說(shuō)的話是請(qǐng)求或命令。虛擬語(yǔ)氣(subjunctive mood),表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法之前我們必須清楚條件句的種類：條件句有真實(shí)條件句與非真實(shí)條件句(或稱虛擬條件句)兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主

2、句都用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起來(lái)。虛擬條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句皆須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were）should （would, might， could）+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If 主語(yǔ) +had+過(guò)去分詞should （ would, might， could）+

3、have 過(guò)去分詞 與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反If 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were）； should動(dòng)詞原形；were to動(dòng)詞原形should （would, might， could）+動(dòng)詞原形1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 (be的過(guò)去式用were), 主句的謂語(yǔ)用should （would, might， could）+動(dòng)詞原形。如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，我們就出去野餐了。（事實(shí)是：天在下雨，我們不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）If he came here

4、, he might be able to help you. 如果他來(lái)這，他就能夠幫助你了。（事實(shí)是：他沒(méi)來(lái)這，他不可能幫助你。表示對(duì)他的良好印象。）2. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用had+過(guò)去分詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)用should （ would, might， could）+ have 過(guò)去分詞。如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是當(dāng)初她被邀請(qǐng)的話，她就會(huì)去參加這次聚會(huì)了。（事實(shí)是：當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有人邀請(qǐng)她，因此，她沒(méi)有來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。表示后悔。）If she hadnt called me, I wou

5、ld have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會(huì)睡過(guò)頭了。（事實(shí)是：她今天早上叫我了，我沒(méi)有睡過(guò)頭。表示感激。）3. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的虛擬條件句，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)； should動(dòng)詞原形；were to動(dòng)詞原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+動(dòng)詞原形。如： If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. 明年我要是二十歲，我就會(huì)學(xué)法語(yǔ)。（事實(shí)是：我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)老了，明

6、年我學(xué)不了法語(yǔ)了。） If it should fail, I would try again.要是失敗了，我會(huì)再試一次。（ 事實(shí)是：有可能失敗，可我會(huì)再試。表示未知。）虛擬語(yǔ)氣專練1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier you _ him. A. come ,wou

7、ld meet B. had come, would have met C. come, will meet D. had come, would meet 3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5. He look

8、ed as if he _ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 6. If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7. I wish that I _ with you

9、 last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8.Lets say you could go there again how _ feel A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10._ the fog we should have reach

10、ed our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 11.If you had told me in advance I _ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how. A. teaches B. w

11、ill teach C. has taught D. would teach 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _ so busy then.A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 14.Hes working hard for fear that he _. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 15. If it _ another ten m

12、inutes the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained 16.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting. A. Should B. would C. do D. had 17.My father did not go to New York the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont go C. not go

13、 D. not to go 18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time.A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had 19.Would you rather I _ buying a new bike A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against 20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _. A. go to sleep B.

14、went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed 21.Why didnt you buy a new car I would have bought one if I _ enough money. A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had22.If she could sew _. A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat 23._ today

15、he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 24.His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip abroad. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took 25.The Bakers arrived last night. If theyd only let us know earlier_ at the station. A. wed meet the

16、m B. well meet them C. wed have met them D. weve met them 26.If I _ you I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was, shall pay B. am, will pay C. would be, would pay D. were, would pay 27.We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not giv

17、en D. did not give 28.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year.A. has B. had C. have D. will have 29.It is strange that he _ so. A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak 30.Had I known her name _ A. or does she know mine B. and where does she live C. she w

18、ould be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch. 31. He has just arrived but he talks as if he _ all about that. A. know B. knows C. known D. knew 32. If I _ the money I would have bought a much bigger car. A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had 33. He was very busy yesterday otherwise he _

19、 to the meeting.A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come 34.The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes 35. I left very early last night but I wish I _ so early. A. didnt leave B.

20、 hadnt left C. havent left D. couldnt leave 36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _ no time. A. had B. didnt have C. had had D. have 37.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have38.He in

21、sisted that we all _ in his office at one oclock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be 39. - Helen couldnt go to France after all. -Thats too bad. Im sure she would have enjoyed it if _. A. shes gone B. shell go C. shed gone D. shed go 40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _ an hou

22、r before the discussion begins. A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go 15 BBDAD 610 DDCAD 1115 CDCAA1620 ACAAD2125 DBCCC 2630 DCCCD 3135 DDCCB 3639 DCAC解析：1.wish后面用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。2.條件句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。3.as if后面如果表示真實(shí)情況就不用虛擬。4.It is important that是主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句用sb. should do的形式。5.as if后面是真實(shí)情況，不虛擬。6.lain是lie的過(guò)去分詞，表示“躺”。7.could have done表示“本來(lái)可以”。8.與將來(lái)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。9.as if表示不可能發(fā)生的事情時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。10.but for表示“要不是的話”，通常與虛擬語(yǔ)氣搭配使用。11.in advance表示“事先”，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。12.wish的賓語(yǔ)從句表示發(fā)生在將來(lái)的愿望用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。13.but的并列句表示真實(shí)情況，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。14.for fear that后面的狀語(yǔ)從句用sb. should do的形式。15.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)