高考熱門語法定語從句逢考必錯(cuò)的知識(shí)ppt課件

1、關(guān)于定語重句 定語重句是高中語法的重要點(diǎn)，在初中我們有所見過，但是真正要想分析好定語從句是有一點(diǎn)的難度的，它是我們處理完型，閱讀的重要工具，分析好語句、劃分句子的構(gòu)造，找到閱讀的中心詞是根本。 moudel 與moude2重點(diǎn)講了這些句型，希望重點(diǎn)了解 Best understanding depends your ways1.1983 The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month. the nurse is talking to him whom the nurse is talking C. the nurs is talking to D.

2、Who the nurse is talking2. 1985 He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in3. 1992 In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. That B. who C. from whom D. to whom一一. 介詞加關(guān)系代詞介詞加關(guān)系代詞留意留意1. 含介詞的引導(dǎo)詞，其介詞可放在引導(dǎo)詞含介詞的引導(dǎo)詞，其介詞可

3、放在引導(dǎo)詞whom, which前或在從句原來的位置上。介詞不提早，前或在從句原來的位置上。介詞不提早， 其在從句中作賓語的引導(dǎo)詞其在從句中作賓語的引導(dǎo)詞who, whom, that, which可省?？墒?。 但含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞普通不能拆開，如但含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞普通不能拆開，如look after, be made of, take part in, look forward to等。等。例：例：The babies (who/whom) the nurses look after look strong and happy.2. where = at/in/to + which whe

4、n = at/in/on/during + which why = for which例：例：This is the school where/at which I used to teach.They stood at the window, from where they could see what was happening in the street.whose book = the book of which = of which the book二二. 在以下情況下只用在以下情況下只用that，不用，不用which 先行詞是先行詞是all, everything, nothing

5、, anything, little, much, the one等不定代詞時(shí)等不定代詞時(shí) There is nothing ( that ) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. 先行詞被先行詞被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等詞修飾時(shí)等詞修飾時(shí) I have read all the books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books that you like. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或描畫詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)先行

6、詞被序數(shù)詞或描畫詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) This is the first composition (that)he has written in English. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very(正是正是,恰是恰是), the same, the last修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí) The white flower is the only one ( that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. The last

7、 place( that) we visited was the hospital. This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 領(lǐng)先行詞有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上時(shí)領(lǐng)先行詞有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上時(shí),既有人又有物既有人又有物,定語定語 從句用從句用that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) (that既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物) He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 that不能置于介詞之后介詞后指物用不能置于介詞之后介詞后指物用whi

8、ch,指人用指人用whom 關(guān)系代詞作定語從句中系動(dòng)詞的表語時(shí)關(guān)系代詞作定語從句中系動(dòng)詞的表語時(shí),或先行在主句中作表語或先行在主句中作表語What great changes! It is not the city (that) it was ten years ago. 2. most of + which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句屬非限定性定語從句，從句前應(yīng)有逗號(hào)與主句分開，除most外，還有many, some, any, all, none, several, few, both, half, the majority, a number, the youngest, three(數(shù)詞)

9、in front of, in the middle of, at the back of, at the bottom of, on the top of, at the foot of + which等。例：He works in a middle school, in front of which there is a river.1. 無關(guān)系代詞無關(guān)系代詞 that ,只需只需which who whom 三在非限制性定語從句中三在非限制性定語從句中. 在非限制性定語從句中的在非限制性定語從句中的as, which 1). the sameas, suchas, soas, asas

10、等 構(gòu)造中,只用as This is not such a book as I expected. I live in the same building as he (lives in). Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. As many children as came here were my fathers pupils. 2). as 的這種用法通常出如今一些固定短語之中如：的這種用法通常出如今一些固定短語之中如： 1as has been said before 如上所述如上所述 2as may be imagined 正如可以想

11、象出來的那樣正如可以想象出來的那樣 3as is well known 眾所周知眾所周知 4as was expected 正如預(yù)料的那樣正如預(yù)料的那樣 5as has been already pointed out 正如曾經(jīng)指出的那樣正如曾經(jīng)指出的那樣 6as we all can see 正如我們都會(huì)看到的那樣正如我們都會(huì)看到的那樣 3). as 替代一句話即可放句首也可放句末，替代一句話即可放句首也可放句末， 而而which只能放句末。只能放句末。 The man died last night, which is a lie. 四四.定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中的主謂一致 定語從句

12、中的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與先行詞堅(jiān)持一致。定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與先行詞堅(jiān)持一致。 例如：例如： 1. Here are such sentences as are often used by the students. ( as指代指代sentences,謂語動(dòng)詞用謂語動(dòng)詞用are)。 2. I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country.( who指代指代I, 謂語用謂語用am.)。 3. He was one of the students who were praised for it. ( who指代指代th

13、e students) 他是被表揚(yáng)的學(xué)生之一。他是被表揚(yáng)的學(xué)生之一。 4. He was the only one of the students who was praised for it. ( who 指指the only one) 他是獨(dú)一被表揚(yáng)的學(xué)生。他是獨(dú)一被表揚(yáng)的學(xué)生。 五五. 易與定語從句混淆的其他復(fù)合句易與定語從句混淆的其他復(fù)合句 1.定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與同位語從句 定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“的。的。而同位語從句是用來闡明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與而同位語從句是用來闡明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句從句同位的名詞必需是

14、一些表現(xiàn)實(shí)或概念的籠統(tǒng)名詞，同位的名詞必需是一些表現(xiàn)實(shí)或概念的籠統(tǒng)名詞，如如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。等。that在定語從句中在定語從句中作成分，可用作成分，可用which 或或who/whom替代；而替代；而that在同位在同位語從句中不充任任何句子成分，只起銜接作用。試比較：語從句中不充任任何句子成分，只起銜接作用。試比較： We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位語從句，同位語從句，that從句表示從句表示news的內(nèi)容，的內(nèi)容，that 在從句在從句 中不作任何成分中不作任何成分) We

15、 dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. (定語從句，定語從句，that 作作told 的賓語的賓語) 2. 定語從句與狀語從句。定語從句與狀語從句。 試比較：試比較： He left the key where he had been an hour before. (where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于in the place where) He left the place where he lived for many years. (where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the pl

16、ace) He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. (as 引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句) He is such a good teacher that we all like him. (that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,suchthat “如此如此以致以致) 3定語從句與主語從句。定語從句與主語從句。 試比較：試比較： As is known to us all, paper was first made in China. (as 引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，可置于句

17、首) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China. (it 做方式主語，替代做方式主語，替代that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句引導(dǎo)的主語從句) 4定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)構(gòu)造。試比較：定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)構(gòu)造。試比較： It is the house where I met the young man. (where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾house，where在定語在定語 從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語) It was in the house that I met the young man. (本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)構(gòu)造，可復(fù)原為本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)

18、構(gòu)造，可復(fù)原為 I met the young man in the house.) 1. It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A. that who B. that they C . they that D theywhich 2. Is this factory _ we visited last year? A. where B in which C the one D at which 3. The book, the cover _ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B for

19、 C whose D of which 4. This is Mr Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A . who B whom C. that D. x 5. Who _ has seen the TV film doesnt admire it? A . that B who C which D as 分析：先行詞是分析：先行詞是who，到是指人，可為了防止反復(fù)，到是指人，可為了防止反復(fù)， 不用不用who，而用能指代，而用能指代 人的人的that。答案是。答案是A。 7. This is the last ti

20、me _ I shall give you a lesson. A. when B that C which D in which 分析：答案是分析：答案是B。這里的。這里的time不指時(shí)間，而是次數(shù)。不指時(shí)間，而是次數(shù)。 且先行詞且先行詞time 被被the last 所修飾所修飾,所以用所以用that引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。 8. I dont like the way _ you laugh at her. A . that B on which C which D as 9. _ have plenty of money will help their friend. A.Those who B.

21、He who C.That who D.You who10. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the farm _ you visited last week. A.when,where B.which,which C.when , which D.which , where 6. You can never imagine what great trouble I have had_ the patient who received a serious wound. A. treat B. to treat C treating D

22、 treated 注：注：have trouble (difficult) doing sth 六六.定語從句可縮略為短語：定語從句可縮略為短語：1、 縮略為分詞短語縮略為分詞短語 有些定語從句可直接略去作主語的有些定語從句可直接略去作主語的 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who, which,例如：例如： I know the men(who are )sitting in that car.(IME2) The boys helped the people (that were )hurt in the accident. ( ib ) . 3) The problem (which is) bothe

23、ring everybody is the lack of money. (ib) 4) The book (that has been) given to him is an English novel.(NEC)語小說。語小說。 有些定語從句不能按上述方法直接縮略，而需變動(dòng)詞有些定語從句不能按上述方法直接縮略，而需變動(dòng)詞 為這類定語從句普通縮略為如今分詞短語，且在縮略為這類定語從句普通縮略為如今分詞短語，且在縮略 時(shí)要思索如今分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和詞態(tài)特征。時(shí)要思索如今分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和詞態(tài)特征。 例如：例如： 5) The man who owns that car will be fined for

24、illegal parkingThe man owning that car will be fined for illegal parking .6) Bill, who had taken chemistry in high school , offered to help him . Bill, having taken chemistry in high school , offered to help him.7) Now, however, the furniture which they are carrying down to the truck feels very heav

25、y. Now, however, the furniture being carried down to the truck feels very heavy. 2、縮略為描畫詞短語、縮略為描畫詞短語 假設(shè)定詞從句為主體表構(gòu)造，且表語由描畫短詞充任，假設(shè)定詞從句為主體表構(gòu)造，且表語由描畫短詞充任，可直接略去作主詞的關(guān)系代詞和連系動(dòng)詞，從而使可直接略去作主詞的關(guān)系代詞和連系動(dòng)詞，從而使定詞從句縮略為描畫詞短語作后置定語。定詞從句縮略為描畫詞短語作后置定語。 例如：例如： The men (who were ) responsible for the administration of the s

26、chool refused to consider the matter .2).We said goodbye to Mrs. Long, (who was) still busy at her chores. 3).The puppy, (which was) too excited to be calmed , barked furiously.3縮略為名詞短語縮略為名詞短語 由名詞短語作表語的非限制性定語從句略去作由名詞短語作表語的非限制性定語從句略去作主語的關(guān)系代詞和連系動(dòng)詞便成為名詞短語作同位語。主語的關(guān)系代詞和連系動(dòng)詞便成為名詞短語作同位語。例如：例如：1The company

27、commander, (who was) Captain Madison, assembled his men and announced their mission. 連長(zhǎng)連長(zhǎng),墨迪遜上尉墨迪遜上尉,把戰(zhàn)士們集合起來宣布他們的把戰(zhàn)士們集合起來宣布他們的 戰(zhàn)斗義務(wù)。戰(zhàn)斗義務(wù)。 2You should have a talk with Mr. Worth , (who is )the adviser to students. 他應(yīng)該和沃斯先生他應(yīng)該和沃斯先生-學(xué)生顧問談一談。學(xué)生顧問談一談。 3) We finally reached Rio, (which was) the end or ou

28、r journey. 4縮略為介詞短語縮略為介詞短語 假設(shè)定語從句為主系表句型，且表語為介語短語，可略去假設(shè)定語從句為主系表句型，且表語為介語短語，可略去主語關(guān)系代詞和連系動(dòng)詞，使之縮略為介詞短語作主語關(guān)系代詞和連系動(dòng)詞，使之縮略為介詞短語作后置定語。后置定語。此外，假設(shè)定語從句中含此外，假設(shè)定語從句中含“有動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞has, have, had，用介詞用介詞with / without 取替定語從句中主語關(guān)系代詞取替定語從句中主語關(guān)系代詞和和“有動(dòng)詞，使定語從句縮略為介詞有動(dòng)詞，使定語從句縮略為介詞 with / without 短語作后置定語。短語作后置定語。With 適用于一定的定語從句；適用于一定的定語從句；without 適用于否認(rèn)的定語從句。適用于否認(rèn)的定語從句。例如例如:He spoke to the girl (who was) from New York 例如：例如： 1).The company wants