語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)13：代詞

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十三：代 詞It 的用法作人稱代詞John likes playing Pingpong/ He always does it in the afternoon(指代上下文提到的事物)；/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer/ It's very quiet at the moment(可指時(shí)間、天氣、環(huán)境等)引導(dǎo)詞作形式主語(yǔ)，代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正主語(yǔ)。It's important for

2、 us to learn a second language/ It's no use talking to him/ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sunB作形式賓語(yǔ)，代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正賓語(yǔ)。We feel it our duty to help others/ He made it clear that he would leave the cityC強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that (或who) 注意: 在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其后的連接詞也絕

3、不能為when 或where，而應(yīng)用that 。在復(fù)習(xí)中，一定要注意句式的不同。It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar(that引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar(where引起定從)It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there(when引起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there（that 引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句）3. it，one，that 的區(qū)別：作為代詞，這三個(gè)詞的對(duì)比

4、使用是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一。NMET2000，23-Why don't we take a little break?-Didn't we just have _?Ait BthatCone Dthis NMET2001，25The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move inAthey Bit Cone Dwhich one 用以指代同類事物中的任一，that 特指性強(qiáng)，指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞，而it指代上文提過(guò)的同一事物。不定代詞不定代詞種類較多，用法各異，在使用中一定要

5、注意區(qū)別。1、both，either ，neither 都表兩者范圍，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) ，both可用作同位語(yǔ)。both 意為"兩者都"，either 表"兩者中任一個(gè)"，neither表"兩者都不"。2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范圍，any 表任何一個(gè)、一些(不可數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)概念，用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件從句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一個(gè)都不；表示不可數(shù)物中的一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有；all 整個(gè)的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可數(shù))。e.g.This book is a good seller，so

6、 you can buy it at any shop in Beijing/ None of us are/is perfect/ All of the village was flooded3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表沒(méi)有人，nothing 指沒(méi)有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 著眼于數(shù)量概念。"特指的人或物一個(gè)也沒(méi)有，一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有"。-How many people are there in the hall ?-None-who wants to go with him ?-No one(Nobod

7、y)-What can you see in the bottle ?-Nothing-Is there any water in it ?-None4、another，the other，the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或the others)，other (或other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞)：another 表三者或三者以上范疇中的任一；與數(shù)詞連用，表"再有"；the other 表兩者中的另外那個(gè)，特指；the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。

8、-I don't like this，show me another one(NMET 2000，16)If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_$15Aanother Bother Cmore DEach (A)人稱、物主、反身、指示代詞高考重點(diǎn)要求1掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞的基本用法。2重點(diǎn)掌握不定代詞的指代含義及數(shù)的情況，能通過(guò)語(yǔ)境準(zhǔn)確選取答案。3掌握it的基本用法。一人稱代詞1）分清主格和賓格形式。eg：-I love you more than her，child

9、/ -You mean more than _love her or more than she loves_? A you；me BI；you Cyou；you DI；me 2)注意約定俗成的用法。-Who is it ?-It's me -I'd like to have a rest -Me，too3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人4)使用she代表國(guó)家、船只、月亮、大地等China is a great countryShe has a long history5)并列主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)中順序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and they二物主代詞：名

10、詞性物主代詞在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成雙重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容詞性物主代詞只能起定語(yǔ)作用。三反身代詞1) 在句中作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)；2)單復(fù)數(shù)的確定；3)在一些語(yǔ)境中的特殊含義。e.g. I'm not quite myself today我今天不大舒服。/ ake yourself at home不要拘禮；請(qǐng)隨便吧。 / Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like別緊張，喜歡吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快嗎？四指

11、示代詞（一）this，that，these those 1在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。2this(these)一般指時(shí)間和空間上較近的人或物，而that (those)常指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine3this(these)一般指后面要講到的事物，而that(those)常指前面講到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing/ He didn't comeThat is why he didn't know4tha

12、t，those 常用來(lái)指代前面提到過(guò)的某個(gè)名詞。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany（二）such such引起倒裝句，謂語(yǔ)數(shù)取決于后面主語(yǔ)的數(shù)：e.g Such is my answer/ Such are our people做定語(yǔ)，注意和so 的區(qū)別，尤其是在so that， suchthat 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such b

13、eautiful flowers(復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film(也可為so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing(不可數(shù)詞前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him(在數(shù)量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )練習(xí)（一）、代

14、詞一、強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_ more up to date than the last edition. A. any B. everyone C. either D. each2. After paying 1,000 dollars_ ,you'll all become full members of our club. A. each B. all C. every D. both3._ was her cruelty that we all hat

15、ed her. A. It B. What C. That D. Such4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _ better now. A. much B. some C. any D. very5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_ ? A. one B. other C. ones D. others6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike r

16、iding has _ of the trouble of taking buses. A. much B. all C. neither D. none7. I need some blue ink today but there is _ at hand. A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none8. I found the very watch of mine _ I had left _ . A. where, it B. that, it C. which,one D. where,one9. I haven't got time to ge

17、t the tickets. Who's going to _? A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do them10. -Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan. It can't be better than _of him. A. hers B. she C. that D. her11. -Shall we introduce _ fire-fighting equipment from abroad? -Go ahead, if necessary. A. other B. a few more

18、 C. another D. some other12. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_ at the other stores. A. others B. it C. that D. the ones13. -I dislike _ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. -So do I. A. them B. those C. it D. that1

19、4. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_. I prefer folk music. A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither15. Why don' t you trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _ in the team. A. nobody B. anybody else C. everybody D. somebody else16. -Are the new methods taking any effect?

20、-Yes,_ articles are stolen from our supermarket. A. few B. more C. some D. none17. During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_ brought the room to disorder. A. it B. and which C. and that D. this18. I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with

21、the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy_ back. A. one B. any C. it D. some19. -Do you have _ at home now? -No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something20. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes _ will be a boy. A. he B.

22、that C. it D. there21. Surely it's _ with the big nose you mean, not _! A. he, I B. him, me C. him, I D. he, me22. The temperature can fall to 30. _ is,30°C below freezing point. A. Which B. It C. That D. This23. -The exam was easy, wasn't it? -Yes, but I don' t think _ could pass i

23、t. A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody24. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _ half. A. every B. each C. another D. either25. _ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _ . A. None, something B. Some, everythingC. Few, something D. Few, nothing26. -May I help you

24、 with some gloves, sir? -Yes, I'd like to try those blue _. A. one B. ones C. pair D. two27. Of all my friends _ will be able to persuade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it. A. none B. nobody C. neither D. no one28. -Is he content to accept our offered price?-Yes. He cares more about

25、the quality. Money is _ to him. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something29. I have no idea which was better, so I took _ of them. A. both B. none C. all D. any30. You mustn't always do _ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything31

26、. I'm no painter, and to me, one painting is much like . A. another B. the other C. others D. one32. I didn't want either of _ hats and asked the salesman to show me_. A. those, another B. two, the other C. all, the others D. both, others33. The children were catching butterflies in the gard

27、en. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither34. Thank you very much indeed. That' s _ of you. A. kindest B. most kind C. the kinder D. the most kind35. Jack is a very likable fellow, but I've learned to take _ he says with a grain of salt. A. som

28、ething B. anything C. nothing D. everything36. -I love you more than her, child. -You mean more than _ love her or more than she loves _? A. you, me B. I, you C. you, you D. I, me練習(xí)（二）、代 詞二、高考題選：1. Was it during the Second World War _he died? (MET88) AthatB. while C. in which D. then 2. Is _necessar

29、y to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88H) AeveryoneB. this C. her D. it 3Is _possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (MET88) AnowB. that C. it D. man 4His Parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _family was poor(MET88) Aof whomB. whom C. of whose D. whose 5_leaves the room last o

30、ught to turn off the light (MET88) AAnyoneB. The person C. Whoever D. Who 6_writer is better known in China，Charcles Dickens or Mark Twain? (MET88) AWhichB. What C. Either D. Whether 7-Have you seen Tom and Mary? -I haven' t seen _of them(MET88) AneitherB. any C. either D. all 8Is _necessary to

31、complete the design before National Day? (MET89) AthisB. that C. it D. he 9All _is needed is a supply of oil(MET89) Athe thingB. that C. what D. which 10His camera is more expensive than _(MET89) AhersB. her C. it D. its 11I don't think _possible to master a foreign language without much memory

32、work(MET90) AthisB. that C. its D. it 12_of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret(MET90) AEachB. Any C. No one D. None 13He paid the boy ￥10 for washing ten windows，most of _hadn't been cleaned for at least a year(MET90) AtheseB. those C. that D. which 14Kate and her sister we

33、nt to holiday with a cousin of _(MET90) AtheirB. theirs C. her D. hers 15I invited Tom and Ann to dinner，but _of them came(NMET91) AneitherB. both C. either D. none 16She heard a terrible noise，_brought her heart into her mouth(MET91) AitB. which C. this D. that 17We couldn't eat in a restaurant

34、 because _of us had _money on us(MET91) Aall; noB. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any 18These plants are watered _(NMET91) Aeach other dayB. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days 19Alice received an invitation from her boss，_came as a surprise(NMET91) AitB. that C. which D. he 20

35、Does _matter if he can't finish the job on time? AthisB. that C. he D. it 21MrZhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _who had already taken them(MET92) Athe onesB. ones C. some D. the others 22There're so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _to bu

36、y (MET92) AwhatB. which C. how D. where 23Although he's wealthy，he spends _ on clothes(NME792) AlittleB. few C. a little D. a few 24In the dark street，there wasn't a single person _ she could turn for help(MET92) AthatB. who C. from whom D. to whom 25_he said at the meeting astonished everyb

37、ody present(MET93) AWhatB. That C. The fact D. The matter26-Would you like some wine? -Yes，just _(MET93) Alittle Bvery little Ca little Dlittle bit 27Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _didn't help(MET93) Ahe Bwhich Cshe Dit 28-Is _here? -No，Bob and Tim have asked f

38、or leave(MET93) Aanybody Bsomebody Ceverybody Dnobody 29-Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's? -No，but it's almost the same as _(NMET94) Aher Byours Cthem Dtheir 30The weather turned out to be very good， _was more than we could expect(NMET94) Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dit 31_is a fact that Engl

39、ish is being accepted as an international language(NMET95) AThere BThis CThat DIt 32They were very tired，but _of them would stop to take a rest(NMET95) Aany Bsome Cnone Dneither 33I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _(NMET95) Ait Bthose Cthem Done 34-When shall we meet again? -Mak

40、e it _day you like; it's all the same to me(NMET96) Aone Bany Canother Dsome 35Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it _(NMET96 ) Athemselves Boneself Citself Dhimself 36I agree with most of what you said，but I don't agree with _(NMET97) Aeverything Banything

41、Csomething Dnothing 37Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers，Now she would like to read_stories by writers from _ countries(NMET97) Asome; any Bother; some Csome; other Dother; other 38It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made(NMET97) Athat Buntil

42、 Cbefore Dwhen 39I hate _when people talk with their mouths full(NMET98) Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem 40DrBlack comes from either Oxford or CambridgeI can't remember _(NMET98) Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dhat 41Why do you want a new job _you've got such a good one already? (NMET98) Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dw

43、hen 42It was only when I reread his poems recently _I began to appreciate their beauty(NMET98) Auntil Bthat Cthen Dso 43Few pleasures can equal _of a cool drink on a hot day(NMET99) Asome Bany Cthat Dthose 44 If you want to change for a double-room you'll have to pay _$15(NMET2000 ) Aanother Bot

44、her Cmore Deach 45-Why don't we take a little break? -Didn't we just have _? (NMET2000) Ait Bthat Cone Dthis 46It is the ability to do the job _matters not where you come from or what you are(NMET2000 ) Aone Bthat Cwhat Dit 47If this dictionary is not yours，_can it be? (NMET2001) Awhat else

45、Bwho else Cwhich else's Dwho else's 48Many people have helped with canned food，however，the food bank needs _for the poor(2001春招) Amore Bmuch Cmany Dmost 49The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move in(NMET2001) Athey Bit Cone D which 50-He was nearly dro

46、wned once.（2002春招） -When was _? -_was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; it B. this; this C. this; it D. that; this語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十四：代 詞一、強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28.

47、C 29. A 30. D31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A 二、高考題選：1A 這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的一般疑問(wèn)句。2D it是形式主語(yǔ)，to不定式是真正主語(yǔ)。3C 參看2題。4D family與先行詞anyone之間是所屬關(guān)系。5C 在主語(yǔ)從句中，whoever充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，指代人，相當(dāng)于anyone who。而C項(xiàng)who也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但它具體指"是誰(shuí)"。6A 特殊疑問(wèn)句中的選擇，用which。7C 前一句只提到兩個(gè)人。neither，either，both僅用于表述兩者的情況，而any，all表述多者的情況，且I haven't

48、 seen either of them相當(dāng)于I have seen neither of them。8C 可參看2、3題。9B all是先行詞，that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且all that=what。10A His camera是句子的主語(yǔ)，也是信息詞，應(yīng)填名詞性的物主代詞hers，它相當(dāng)于her camera。11D it是形式賓語(yǔ)，to master是真正賓語(yǔ)。此句還可說(shuō)成I don't think it is possible to?？蓞⒖?、3、8題。12D A、B項(xiàng)不符合句意。C項(xiàng)no one后不接of短語(yǔ)。13D which是定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞，指代上文的windows。

49、A、B、C項(xiàng)不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且填進(jìn)去后，兩個(gè)分句缺少連詞。14B 可參看10題。15A 前文提到邀請(qǐng)兩個(gè)人，兩個(gè)人都沒(méi)來(lái)，故用neither參看7題。16B which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。which指代前面一句話。如果兩個(gè)分句是由and連接，則A、C、D項(xiàng)也對(duì)。17C A項(xiàng)中的all放在否定句中，是部分否定，與上文we couldn't eat in a restaurant矛盾，B項(xiàng)不符語(yǔ)法，n項(xiàng)no one后不接of短語(yǔ)，且只指代人。18B every other day每隔一天，是習(xí)慣用法。19C which在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中指代前面一句話?？蓞⒖?6題。20D 考生非常熟

50、悉It doesn't matter這一句型，該題現(xiàn)在是一般疑問(wèn)句，it是matter的主語(yǔ)，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。21A C、D項(xiàng)不能做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞來(lái)指代上文的the pupils，只能用the ones，因?yàn)樗幌薅ㄐ远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句所修飾，表特指。該句的意思是："張先生把教科書(shū)分給了所有的學(xué)生，那些已經(jīng)拿走了的學(xué)生除外。"22B 原題中的so many kinds of tape-recorders暗示考生要買的是錄音機(jī)，故排除A項(xiàng)。因?yàn)橛羞@么多種類，因此不能決定買哪個(gè)。C、D項(xiàng)是連接副詞，不能做buy的賓語(yǔ)。23A B、D項(xiàng)應(yīng)排除，它們指代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。全句意

51、為："雖然他很富有，但很少花錢買衣服。"故C項(xiàng)不符句意。24D turn at sbfor help是慣用法，在定語(yǔ)從句中把to提前與whom構(gòu)成介詞十關(guān)系代詞。 25A 主語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故what充當(dāng)。26C 原題中的答語(yǔ)Yes暗示考生應(yīng)選表示肯定意義的a littleA、B項(xiàng)表示否定意義。27D it指代前面一句話。因有but，故前后為并列句，不用關(guān)系代詞(which)只用代詞it。28C Is everybody here?"都到齊了嗎"，Is anybody here?"這里有人嗎?"B項(xiàng)some body可用在表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，并希望得到對(duì)方肯定回答的問(wèn)句里。D項(xiàng)不符原題句意。29B 參看10、14題。30B 參看16、19題。31D it是形式主語(yǔ)，that從句是真正主語(yǔ)。如果fact前有the修飾，就可選B或C項(xiàng)，that引導(dǎo)同位