初中英語賓語從句的用法

1、教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1.掌握賓語從句的語序。2.掌握引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞。3.掌握賓語從句中，主句與從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的相互呼應(yīng)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)： 賓語從句的語序。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞。賓語從句中，主句與從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的相互呼應(yīng)。教學(xué)過程：一、賓語從句的定義：  賓語從句就是作（及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或某些形容詞）賓語的部分是由句子來充當(dāng)。因此把這樣的句子（含有從句）叫做復(fù)句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為三類,即:  表示陳述語氣用that , 表示一般疑問語氣含有“是否,能否”的意思whether 和if引導(dǎo)表示特殊疑問語氣由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句可做動(dòng)詞賓語,介詞賓語,及某些形容詞的賓

2、語. 例如：1. He wrote me a letter, saying that he would pay a visit to China next week. (動(dòng)賓) 2、I wonder if you could spare me a few minutes.（動(dòng)賓）  3、The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.（介賓）4、Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams. (形賓)二、過好“三關(guān)”學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句：（一

3、）過引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)1、連詞that(在口語中that常可省略)，if, whether,如： He knows that Jim will work hard. 連接代詞who, whom, which等，如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?連接副詞when, where, how, why等，如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station? 2、由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：I dont know (that )Tom was late again I am afraid (that) i

4、t would rain soon 注意1:引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that ?？梢允÷?但下列情況下不能省略。（1）and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句，除第一個(gè)從句中的that以外,后面從句中的that不能省略。如：Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（2）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。如：  I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（3）主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語，that不可省略。如：We

5、decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job. 注意2:若有補(bǔ)語，則賓語從句要放到補(bǔ)語之后，在賓補(bǔ)前用形式賓語it.如：He doesnt want it to be known that he is going away. I consider it necessary that he should do it again. 注意3: 否定轉(zhuǎn)移. 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，從句中的否定往往在主句中體現(xiàn)。如： I do

6、nt think you are right.I dont believe that they have finished their work. I dont think he cares, does he?3、由whether 或if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：whether和if都有“是否”的意思。如： I dont know whether / if he will agree with me.  He asked me whether / if I have finished my homework.  注意1：在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether 如： I ca

7、nt decide whether to stay.注意2：在whether or not 的固定搭配中  如：I want to know whether its good news or not .  注意3：在介詞后，只能用whether 如：His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 注意4：條件狀語從句不能用whether引導(dǎo),如：Please inform him of the news if he comes back before 10 oclock.  

8、;4、由特殊疑問詞(wh)引導(dǎo)(要注意用陳述語氣)  如：He asked me,“Where is Mr. Wang?”   -He asked me where Mr. Wang was.（二）、過語序關(guān)  做賓語從句的句子不管原來是什么語序，在充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)都要用陳述語序，即：“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+賓語+其他”。 如：1、Tom said.  He is reading a book.   Tom said that he was reading a book.2、He asks me.&

9、#160;  Are they playing a game?   He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.3、Where is the hospital?   He told me. He told me Where the Hospital was. 注意:當(dāng)who在從句中做主語時(shí),語序本身就是“主語+謂語”順序,所以就不再變了.如：I want to know. Who will come tomorrow?   I want to know whoill come

10、tomorrow.  (三)、過時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)  賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，即要和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致（也有特殊情況），賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)往往被忽視，希望能引起我們的注意。從下面三個(gè)方面去把握賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。 1、當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、祈使句時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)句意的需要用任意一種時(shí)態(tài)。 2、當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)（帶“過去”兩個(gè)字）。 3、當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、諺語等，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。三、賓語從句的特殊語序問題  

11、;   在“Do you think /believe/suppose-?等”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語從句如果是由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的，則要用“疑問詞+ do you think/believe/suppose +正常語序？”  如：What has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him?四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移問題  在think, believe等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句，如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞表示否定意義，一般要將否定詞not移到主句的謂語動(dòng)詞上面去，即通過否定主句的謂語動(dòng)詞來否定從句的（意

12、義）謂語動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)變反意疑問句時(shí)仍將賓語從句視為否定，反意疑問部分用肯定形式。如： 1、I dont think he will come. 2、I dont think he will come, will he? 3、I think he will come, wont he?五、賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化  1、當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是hope, decide, wish, agree等，其后接賓語從句，并且從句主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，可以簡(jiǎn)化成動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon. Wei Hua h

13、opes to be back soon.  2、當(dāng)know, learn, remember, forget等動(dòng)詞其后接賓語從句，并且從句主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，可以簡(jiǎn)化成“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。  如：I dont know what I should say.  I dont know what to say. 3、當(dāng)tell, learn, show, teach等動(dòng)詞其后接賓語從句，并且從句主語與主句的間接賓語一致時(shí)，可以簡(jiǎn)化成“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：Could you tell me how I can get there? (句子中的 me 和I指的是同一個(gè)人)可以改寫為：Could you tell me how to get there?   4、動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式來簡(jiǎn)化，但主語要發(fā)生變化。