譯林英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)語法復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)(含答案)

1、一、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法（一） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的類型1、 只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的有：must、can（could）、may（might）2、 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的有：need3、 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可做助動(dòng)詞的有：will（would）、shall（should）4、 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的某些特征的有：have to、ought to（二） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征1、 有一定的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)做謂語，必須和行為動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成謂語： must home（X） must go home（）2、 無人稱和數(shù)的變化（have to）例外，用于第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has toWe must stay there. He mus

2、t stay there.We have to walk home. He has to walk home.3、 后接動(dòng)詞原形：She may lose her way4、 具有助動(dòng)詞的作用，可用來構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句及用于簡(jiǎn)明答語Can you sing an English song ? Yes, I can.（三） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法1、can、could的用法（1） 表示能力，譯為：能，會(huì)。如：Can you play basketball? 你會(huì)打籃球么？（2） 表懷疑、猜測(cè)，常用于否定句和疑問句當(dāng)中，如：He cant be in the room.他不可能在房間里。（3） 表請(qǐng)求或允

3、許，多用于口語，意為“可以”，相當(dāng)于may。如：You can(may) go now.你現(xiàn)在可以走了。（4） could是can的過去式，可以表示過去的能力。如：I could swim when I was seven years old.（5） 以can開頭的一般疑問句，其肯定回答和否定回答分別用can和cant。2、may（過去式might）的用法（1）表推測(cè)，意為“可能，也許”，用于肯定句中。如：He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能會(huì)來。（2）表請(qǐng)求、許可，意為“可以“。如：May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的書么？注意：may表請(qǐng)求，用于

4、主語為第一人稱的一般疑問句時(shí)，其否定回答用mustnt，不用may not，意為“不可以，不許，禁止“，如：May I go now? No, you mustnt不可以/ Yes, you may(can). 是，可以。 （3）表祝愿。如：May you succeed. 祝你成功 表示推測(cè)，意為一定，一般用于肯定句。在疑問句和否定句一般應(yīng)用can，否定句也用may，但may not表示可能不，而cant表示不可能。如：Theres someone knocking on the door. 有人在敲門。It must be Jim. 肯定是吉姆。注意：在否定句中，mustnt表示禁止，意為

5、不允許。以must開頭的疑問句，肯定回答用must，而否定回答則常用neednt或者dont have to，意為不必，而不用mustnt。如：Must I finish the work today? 我今天必須完成工作么？No，you neednt/ you dont have to. 不，你不必（4）對(duì)need詞性的判斷：need后加to do說明need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，用助動(dòng)詞提問或否定；need后加doing表被動(dòng)；若need后加動(dòng)詞原形，則need為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用need提問或否定，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。如：You neednt come to school so

6、early. 你不必這么早來學(xué)校。5、 had better的用法had better+動(dòng)詞原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用had better not do sth6、 shall（should）、will（would）的用法（1） shall用于第一人稱，表示征求意見、詢問。用于第二、三人稱，表示命令如：Shall I open the window？ 我打開窗戶好么？Shall we have lunch here？我們?cè)谶@兒吃飯好么？You shall listen to the teacher in class. 課堂上你必須聽講。 （2） should常用來表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任。如：We

7、should obey traffic laws. 我們應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。（3） will用于第二人稱表示詢問、請(qǐng)求，也可以表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的意愿。如：Will you pass me the book? 你能把這本書遞給我么？（4） would用來表示過去的意愿或委婉的詢問。如：Would you tell me the way to the station？你能告訴我去東站的路么？7、 易混點(diǎn)清單（1） can和be able tocan和be able to表示能力時(shí)用法相同，can只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去式（could），但be able to表示經(jīng)過努力后，能夠做到有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。如：W

8、e will be able to come back next week.我們下周能回來。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year, but now he can. Jim去年不會(huì)說中文但今年會(huì)。（2） can和may表示可能性的區(qū)別 在肯定句中用may表可能。如：You had better ask the policeman. He may know.你最好問問警察，他可能知道。 在否定句中，若語氣肯

9、定，表示不可能時(shí)用can not，若語氣不肯定，表示可能不時(shí)用may not。Mr Li cant be in the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.李老師不可能在，他去北京度假了。（3） could，should，would，might表示委婉語氣could，should，would，might等過去式有時(shí)不表示過去，而是表示更委婉客氣的語氣，如： Would you tell me the way to the park?你能告訴我去公園的路么？（4） maybe和may bemay為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形be，用在句中。Maybe為副

10、詞，“大概，也許”，相當(dāng)于perhaps，用于句首。（5） cant和mustnt表否定推測(cè)時(shí)應(yīng)用cant，mustnt表達(dá)“禁止，不允許”的含義，不是用來表推測(cè)的，在肯定句中must表推測(cè)，意為“一定”。 Must I go to law school and be a lawyer like you, Dad? D No，you_, son. Youre free to make your own decision.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt Is Mr Brown driving here? AIm not sure. He_ come

11、 by train.A. may B. shall C. need D. must Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs King? DNo, it_ be her. She is wearing a white dress today.A. can B. may C. must D. cantB 1May I stop my car here? No, you_.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have toA 2. Must we clean the house no

12、w? No, you _.A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can'tC 3. John_ his father about his failure in the exam.A. dares not tell B. dares not telling C. dare not tell D. dares not to tellC 4. You_ return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn&

13、#39;t D. may notB 5. Johnny, you_ play with the knife, you_hurt yourself.A. won't.can't B. mustn't.may C. shouldn't, must D. can't.shouldn'tD 6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toC 7. Would you go ou

14、t for a walk with me? No, I _. My girl friend is coming.A. wouldn't B. shall not C. won't D. shouldn'tA 8. Man_ die without water.A. will B. can C. need D. shallD 9. If he started at 9 0'clock, he_ be there by now.A. need B. shall C. ought to D. mustD 10. I mailed the letter two week

15、s ago. She _it.A. must receive B. can't receive C. might receive D. must have receivedA 11.The professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30p.m.A. be finished B. will finish C. must be finished D. would be finishedD 12. There was plenty of time. You_.A. mustn't hurry B. mustn't

16、 have hurried C. needn't hurry D. needn't have hurriedA 13. Tom was a diligent(勤奮的) boy. He_ go to school though it was raining hard.A. was able to B. could C. couldn't D. wasn't able to C 14. _I go back before lunch? No, I don't think you_.A. Need.must B. Do.need to C. Must.have

17、 to D. May . ought toA 15. The teacher_do all the exercises, but a student_.A. needn't.must B. may not.must C. needn't.needn't D. can't.mustA 16. Would you open the window please ? Yes, I_.A. will B. would C. do D. canC 17. A lion_only attack a human being when it is hungry.A. should

18、 B. can C. will D. shallC 18. Must I finish this novel this morning ? No, you_.A. mustn't B. might not C. don't have to D. can'tB 19. The taxi _ only hold six passengers. It is full. You _take the next one.A. may.may B. can.may C. may.can D. must.canC 20. I_ a little earlier, but I met a

19、 friend of mine on the way.A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have comeA 21. I wish to go home now, _I?A. may B. can't C. must D. doD 22. He must have finished his homework, _he?A. mustn't B. didn't C. needn't D. hasn'tB 23. This pen looks like mine, yet it i

20、sn't. Whose_ it be?A. must B. can C. may D. mightB 24. He didn't do well in the exam. He_ hard at his lessons.A. must have worked B. ought to have worked C. would have worked D. has workedD 25. I wonder how he_ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared sayC 2

21、6. Mr Baker, a number of students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside?A. Should B. Will C. Shall D. AreB 27. You_ the trees. Look, it is raining now.A. mustn't have watered B. needn't have watered C. could have watered D. might have wateredB 28. I_ give you an answer tomorrow. I pro

22、mise!A. must B. will C. may D. shallB 29. As a soldier, you_ do as the head tells you.A. will B. shall C. may D. oughtA 30. The streets are all dry. It_ during the night.A. can't have rained B. must have rained C. couldn't rain D. shouldn't have rained二、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一） 定義：某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍然有影響和結(jié)

23、果，這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能已經(jīng)結(jié)束，但影響可能還要持續(xù)下去。（二） 其構(gòu)成形式是：have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞，否定式在have/has后加not，疑問句應(yīng)將have/has放在句子主語之前。（三） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法（1） 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常用的時(shí)間狀語有：already, yet, never, just，these days，in the past years，recently等。如：Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去過北京么？China has already made great progress in science and t

24、echnology. 中國(guó)已經(jīng)在科技方面取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。My father has just come back from work. 我爸爸剛下班回來了。（2） 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。“for+時(shí)間段”如for two years、“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”（表時(shí)間段），since 1991如：They have left there for two years. 他們已經(jīng)離開這里兩年了。He has lived in America since 1960. 從1960年開始他就一直住在美國(guó)。We have studied English fo

25、r six years. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語已經(jīng)6年了。（3） for和since引導(dǎo)的短語都表示“一段時(shí)間”，所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該時(shí)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性東西表示該動(dòng)詞可以一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行，有：live，work，study，teach，stay等，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù)，在短暫的時(shí)間里完成的，有：borrow，come，arrive，get，leave，die，lend，buy等。She has come. 她來了。I have bought a watch. 我已經(jīng)買了一塊手表。She has been for an hour. 她已經(jīng)來了一個(gè)小時(shí)了。I have

26、had a watch since last year. 我去年就買了一塊手表。（4） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以在條件或時(shí)間狀語從句中，表示將來某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。He will come as soon as he has finished the homework. 他一完成家庭作業(yè)就來。We shall wait here until the rain has stopped. 我們將一直在這里等著直到雨停。（四） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的用法比較（1） 一般過去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間的狀語連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某種動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有

27、影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在情況，不能和表過去時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：We have visited the farm. （現(xiàn)在對(duì)農(nóng)場(chǎng)有所了解）We visited the farm last week. （說明上周參觀農(nóng)場(chǎng)這件事）（2） 如果詢問某事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，只用一般過去時(shí)。如：When did you find your bag? 你是什么時(shí)候找到了你的包？I found it in the afternoon. 我下午找到了它。He has lived in Beijing since last year. 從去年開始他一直住北京（現(xiàn)在也住著） He lived in Beijing befo

28、re last year. 去年以前他住在北京（現(xiàn)在是否住不知道）（五） have/has been和have/has gone的區(qū)別have/has been to 的意思是“去過，到過”，表示曾經(jīng)去過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那，have/has gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已經(jīng)到達(dá)。如：She has gone to Beijing. 她已經(jīng)到北京去了。（她已前往北京，或在途中，或已到達(dá)?，F(xiàn)在人不在這里）She has been to Beijing. 她曾到北京。（她過去到過北京表示一種經(jīng)歷，表示說話的時(shí)候她還在這里） 總之，have/has bee

29、n to 講的時(shí)過去的情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去與否，著重到目前為止的某個(gè)結(jié)果，而have/has gone to 指現(xiàn)在人不在“這里”，只用于第三人稱，不用于第一、第二人稱，不能用來代替have been to。B 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what's happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know B 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still C 3、Have yo

30、u met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago D 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written C 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; bett

31、er C 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying C 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew B 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see B 9、Th

32、ese farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone B 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish D 11、 His fat

33、her _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in B 12、Do you know him well ? Sure . We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made A 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived C 14、Hurry up! The play _ for

34、 ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began A 15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . （It is/has been+時(shí)間段+since+一般過去時(shí)，自.以來多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了）. is . has . will . was A 16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been A 17、My parents _ Shandon

35、g for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been D 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they C 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D

36、. How far, arrived C 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 三、 when、while、as的區(qū)別(一) 若主句表示的是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，從句表示的是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，三者都可用：He fell asleep when while, as he was reading. 他看書時(shí)睡著了?！咀ⅰ?as 用于引出一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示“在期間”時(shí)，其謂語通常只能是那些含有動(dòng)作(ac

37、tion)和發(fā)展(development) 意味的動(dòng)詞，一般不能是那些不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等)，所以下面一句中的 while 不能換為 as：A：Im going to the post office. 我要去郵局。B：While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 當(dāng)你在郵局時(shí)，能幫我買幾張郵票嗎?(2) 若主、從句表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間，通常要用 while：Dont talk while your

38、e eating. 吃飯時(shí)不要說話。I kept silent while he was writing. 在他寫的時(shí)候，我默不作聲。但是，若主從句表示的兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作含有“一邊一邊”之意思，通常用 as：She sang as she went along. 她邊走邊唱。(三) 若從句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，主句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，可用 as / when 但不用 while：It was raining hard when as we arrived. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)正下著大雨。(四) 若主從句表示的是兩個(gè)同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作，用 as / when：I thought of it

39、just when as you opened your mouth. 就在你要說的時(shí)候，我也想到了。(五) 若要表示兩個(gè)正在發(fā)展變化的情況，相當(dāng)于漢語的“隨著”，一般用 as：Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，情況越來越好。As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚，天氣越冷。(六) 表示“每當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”(暗示一種規(guī)律性)，一般要用 when：Its cold when it snows. 下雪時(shí)天冷。He smiles when you praise him. 你

40、夸獎(jiǎng)他時(shí)他總是笑笑。(七) 若主從句所表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，而是有先后順序時(shí)，一般要用 when：I will go home when he comes back. 他回來時(shí)，我就回家去。(八) when 可用作并列連詞，表示“這時(shí)(突然)”;while 也可以用作并列連詞，表示“而”、“卻”(表示對(duì)比);但 as 則沒有類似用法：We were about to start when it began to rain. 我們正要出發(fā)，這時(shí)天開始下雨了。He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜歡咖啡，而她卻喜歡茶。(九) as 和 when 后均可直

41、接跟一個(gè)名詞，構(gòu)成省略句，但 while 一般不這樣用：As When a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小時(shí)候在日本。(十) when 和 while 后可接現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語、形容詞等構(gòu)成省略句，但 as 一般不這樣用：When While reading, he fell asleep. 他看書時(shí)睡著了。When While in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻煩的時(shí)候你就去找她幫忙。D 1. That bank clerk plays football _  

42、;a football player. A. as good as B. as better as C .so well as  D. as well as C 2. He has told the story just _ it happened. A. to   B. and  C .as  D.if B 3. The film had been on _ we arrived. A. while  B. when C .how