第四章句子翻譯技巧上

1、 By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not suppo

2、sed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semantic completionto secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.Amplification (增詞法) 1、增加動(dòng)詞、增加動(dòng)詞1). Reading

3、 makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 讀書使人充實(shí),討論使人使人機(jī)智,筆記（寫作）使人使人準(zhǔn)確。2) . We dont regret, we never have and never will. 我們不會(huì)后悔，我們從來沒有后悔后悔過，我們將來也不會(huì)后悔后悔。3). After the basketball, he still has an important conference. 看完看完籃球比賽之后，他還有一個(gè)重要會(huì)議要參加要參加。2. 增加形容詞或副詞增加形容詞或副詞1). With w

4、hat enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中國(guó)人民正以多么高的高的熱情建設(shè)社會(huì)主義??！人群漸漸（地）漸漸（地）散開了。2). The crowds melted away.他一坐下來就講開了，滔滔不絕地滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒完。3). As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.4). She lingered long over his letter. 5). In the films of those days, all too often it was the sa

5、me one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractor together. 在那時(shí)候的電影里，總是老一套：男拖拉機(jī)手和女拖拉機(jī)手開始開始相遇，然后然后相愛，最后最后并肩開拖拉機(jī)了。她反反復(fù)復(fù)地反反復(fù)復(fù)地回味著他的來信?，旣惖恼煞虬┌Y去世后，就靠洗衣服衣服維持生活。2). Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer.3). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.他

6、吃了點(diǎn)東西東西，喝了點(diǎn)酒酒，因?yàn)樗v不堪了。3. 增加名詞增加名詞1). First you borrow, then you beg. 頭一遭借錢錢，下一遭就討飯飯。4). That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine. 那件黑夾克真是價(jià)價(jià)廉物物美。5). He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.他滿臉滿臉皺紋，皮膚皮膚黝黑，頭發(fā)灰白稀疏。6). A new kind of carsmall, cheapis attracting increasing attention.一種新型轎車正越來越引

7、起人們的注意這種轎車體積體積小，價(jià)錢價(jià)錢便宜。由例4、5、6可見，均在形容詞前增加名詞，從而使譯文更具體，更符合譯語習(xí)慣。7). His arrogance made everyone dislike him.他的傲慢態(tài)度態(tài)度使誰也不喜歡他。8). After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.一切準(zhǔn)備工作工作就緒以后， 飛機(jī)就飛越美國(guó)去了舊金山。由例7 、8可以看出， 某些動(dòng)詞或形容詞派生來的抽象名詞，翻譯時(shí)可以根據(jù)上下文在其后面增添適當(dāng)?shù)拿~，使譯文更符合規(guī)范

8、。 又如：to persuade 說服 persuasion說服工作to prepare 準(zhǔn)備 preparation準(zhǔn)備工作backward 落后 backwardness落后狀態(tài)tense 緊張 tension緊張局勢(shì)arrogant 自滿 arrogance自滿情緒mad 瘋狂 madness 瘋狂行為antagonistic敵對(duì) antagonism 敵對(duì)態(tài)度4. 增加代詞增加代詞1). 小不忍則亂大謀。If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.2). 交

9、出翻譯之前，必須讀幾遍，看看有沒有要修改的地方，這樣你才能把工作做好。（鐘述孔英漢翻譯手冊(cè)） Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. (Zhong Shukong, A Handbook of Translation)He who makes no investigation and

10、study has no right to speak. 3). 沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。 當(dāng)然了，例還可以認(rèn)為是增補(bǔ)主語“he”。又如：“又要馬兒跑得快, 又要馬兒不吃草, 簡(jiǎn)直可笑?！盰ou want the horse to run fast and yet you dont let it graze. Isnt it ridiculous! Dont put your hands in your pockets.4). 別把手?jǐn)R在口袋里。5). 一天天冷起來了。It is getting colder day by day.6). 學(xué)好英語不容易，但是如果你堅(jiān)持下去，最終一定 能學(xué)好。(

11、2008年NECCS第90題 Level B)It was not easy to learn English well, but if you persist, you will succeed in the end.7). 把鐘拆開比把它裝起來容易。It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together again.5、增加語氣詞或量詞、增加語氣詞或量詞 漢語有許多語氣助詞，如“的”、“吧”、“呢”、“ 啊 ” 、 “ 呀 ” 、 “ 嘛 ” 、 “ 嗎 ” 、 “ 啦 ” 、“了”不同的語氣詞可以發(fā)揮不同的作用，英漢互譯時(shí)需用

12、心體驗(yàn)，以期譯出從意義和修辭色彩等都符合的譯文。同時(shí)，英語中的數(shù)詞（包括不定冠詞a）與可數(shù)名詞直接連用，它們之間并無量詞，而漢語往往要借助量詞。因此英譯漢時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況恰當(dāng)?shù)卦黾颖硎酒湫螤?、特征或材料的名量詞名量詞。 不要生氣嘛嘛！我不過開開玩笑罷了罷了。1). Dont get angry. Im just making fun of you.3). They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated.2). As for me, I didnt agree from the very begi

13、nning.我呢呢，從一開始就不贊成。那雙眼睛啊啊，像海水一樣的藍(lán)，令人愉快，毫不沮喪。4). A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.一輪一輪紅日正從地平線上冉冉升起。lHow time flies! 時(shí)間過得真快??！ lWhat a leader he was! 他真實(shí)一位出類拔萃的領(lǐng)袖阿！5). A stream was winding its way through the valley in into the Dadu river.一彎一彎溪水蜿蜒流過山谷，匯合到大渡河去了了。6). Once, they had a quarrel.有一次

14、，他們爭(zhēng)吵了一番。一番。從例7、8、9可見，英語中有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)作名詞，譯成漢語時(shí)常需增加一些表示行為、動(dòng)作的動(dòng)量詞動(dòng)量詞。又如：have a rest 休息一下; make a stop停一下.8). Seeing is believing.百百聞不如一一見。9). The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary.萬萬變不離其宗。 White clouds float over the blue sky. Can you manage without help? I dare say that the Chinese wa

15、y of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others. In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the second. Dont be weaving. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. “ How shall I do it?” “Just as you wish!” He felt the patriot rise within his b

16、reast. 藍(lán)藍(lán)的天上漂浮著朵朵白云。 如果沒有人幫忙， 你能應(yīng)付的了嗎？ 我認(rèn)為， 中國(guó)的改革方式比別國(guó)的改革方式更富有特色、更卓有成效。 一般說來， 金屬都是良好的導(dǎo)體，其中以銀為最好，銅次之。 不要三心二意。 他滿臉皺紋，皮膚黝黑，頭發(fā)灰白稀疏。 這事兒我該怎么辦才好？你想怎么辦，就怎么辦。 他感到一種愛國(guó)熱情在心中蕩漾。Ladies and gentlemen, Allow me to say a few words of welcome to our Russian friends. On behalf of the Kangding Foreign Affairs Office

17、and my colleagues, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all the guests present here. Thank you for your presence at this banquet. There is a popular saying in China: “Isnt it a great pleasure to have friends from afar?” as you know, China is great country with a long history and ancient culture. While you are staying here in Kangding, you will have an opportunit