美國臨時禁令制度

1、A Temporary Injunction USA System1. In troducti onIn American, ban refers to infringement by court order to stop all acts of infrin geme nt for the durati on of the pate nt right, in clud ing the dire ct infringement tort and tort induced help. The great majority of case s in violation of intellectu

2、al property rights in the intellectual propert y right, the most important remedy are to prevent further violations of the ban. The important significanee of injunctive relief is it reflects pri mary value of intellectual property rights. The procedure is finished as a point of differe nee, America

3、ban divided in to perma nen t injun ctio n and interlocutory injunction. A permanent injunction system complete d the whole litigati on evide nce in the court heari ng, give the pla in tiff s full injunctive relief, and interlocutory injunction is in the litigation process. In order to avoid the pla

4、intiff suffered temporary irreparable d amage, short term, before the court decided a perma nent injun cti on gra nted relief measures.2. Ban system divisio nBased on the basic legal system America n follow legal patter ns in the UK, US ,Britain has many similarities in the temporary injunction syst

5、 em, USA ban system mainly divides into the temporary restraining or der, a preliminary injunction and permanent injunction, temporary rest raining order and preliminary injunction relative Yu Yong long ban, b elonging to the temporary ban measures. In thejudicial practice US A, often in the case wi

6、ll ban called "very legal relief", its purpose is t o be clear right or public interests of the applicant will face greater d amage when requested by the applicant, take the act or omission of t he relief measures.2.1 temporary restrai ning ordersTemporary restrai ning order as a prelimi n

7、ary injun cti on, accord ing to t he applica nt's un ilateral applicati on, start ing in proceedi ngs before, an d in written or oral form to. Only in some special cases, suchas the cl ear direct irreparable may be issued a ban on the pre heari ng loss or i n writi ng that it has made the effort

8、 and should not be issued a no tic e of the reasons wasestablished, allowing the court without notice by the applicant or his solicitor and promulgated. In view of this situati on a temporary restraining order, all the parties have not received noti ce of decision to ban, unavoidably cause absent ri

9、ghtsof injustice, there fore the effective period of temporary restraining order in short, mad e 10 days after the termination, unless the applicant has the reason tha t the ban may be exte nded by 10 days or be the applica nt's consent, te mporary restra ining order may be exte nded by 10 days,

10、 of course, in this period, so that the court does not revoke the temporary restraini ng order, the applicant shall promptly apply for a preliminary injuncti on, whe n the temporary restrai ning order obta ined, without no tice by t he applica nt, the applica nt shall apply with in 2 days or the cou

11、rt requi red a shorter period of time and the temporary restraining order rulin g sent by the applicant, in this period, the applicant is entitled to requ est the court and apply for revocation of the ruling, change, in this c ase, the court should be in a fair and equitable principles of timely t o

12、 the request of the applicant for trial, to decide whether to withdraw or change the ruling.2.2 preliminary injunctionsA preliminary injunction and preliminary injunction, is sued in the app licant before the final judgment, hearings and debateprocedure by co urt relief measures, their effectiveness

13、 until the final judgment on the date of entry into force. And the temporary restraining order as temp orary measures, but adifferent preliminary injunction is procedural req uireme nts are very strict, gen eral ban must go through to the resp ond ent a no tice, for cross exam in ati on, the program

14、 through the evide nce c an be used as the basis for the final judgment. Specifically, Americ a court for a preliminary injunctionApplicable to perform two procedures usually require:First, a preliminary injunction must be by notice to the other party t o make the program; second, through qualitativ

15、e evidence atthe hearin g procedures, can with the court of substantial merger, merger orafter the trial court decision in the preliminary injunction application starte d trial has the right of substantive dispute even if the courts do not t he decision to merge, in the substantive rights in court a

16、fter evidenc e can be used as a preliminary injunction decision was adopted althou gh this is the two in depe ndent program, but the effective in formati on obtained from the court decision as basis, toavoid the court repeatedsu rvey, for the same facts of course, in the program. The parties shall h

17、 ave the right to a jury.3. Ban applicati on proceduresTemporary restraining order shall be in written or oral form by notice to the other party. But in certain circumstances, a temporary restrain ing order can not be oral or written notice to the other party and ma ke. USA "federal rules of ci

18、vil procedure" sixty-fifth (b) in this cas e were strictly limited to: (I) affidavit or by specific facts presented to verify the indictment clearly indicate that, before the hearing in the o ther party or against the law, the applicant will have a direct irreparabl e rights damage, lossor dama

19、ge; (II) the applicant's lawyer in writing t o the court to prove the announcement made effortsand its proof shoul d n ot no tice reas ons. Any temporary restrai ning order issued without n otice, shall indicate time. Temporary restraining order shall terminate at the expiration of 10 days due t

20、o the court during the post, unless the re is a valid reason or been made to bathe parties agreed, the periodD may be extended for 10 days. If the temporary restraining order is not issued by notice, preliminary injunction applications should be sub mitted as early as possible trial. When the applic

21、ation to be heard, to obta in temporary restra ining order shall con ti nue to apply for a preli mi nary injun cti on, if the parties do not apply, the court shall revoke t he temporary restraining order. Fails to notify the other party won a t emporary restra ining order the parties, shall be provi

22、ded with in 2 day s or the court of a shorter time to inform each other. In the meantim e, the other party may appear in the court and apply for cancellation or alteration of the temporary restraining order; in this case, the cour t should be based on the purpose of justice on the application rapid

23、tr ial and judgment. Different from the temporary restraining order, a pr eliminary injunction issued by the former must notify the other part y, the parties have the opport unity to provide evide nee for cross exam in ati on.美國臨時禁令制度1引言在美國，禁令是指由法院作出的命令侵權人在專利權有效期間 停止一切侵權行為，包括直接侵權、誘導侵權以及幫助侵權。在知識 產權受到

24、侵害的大多數情形中，對知識產權權人最為重要的救濟就是 判給其防止進一步侵權的禁令。 禁令救濟的重要意義在于其折射出知 識產權權的首要價值。 以訴訟是否結束作為區(qū)別點， 美國的禁令分為 永久性禁令與中間禁令。 永久性禁令系在法院完成了整個訴訟依據之 聽證后，給予原告之完整的禁止性救濟， 而中間禁令則是在訴訟過程 中. 為了避免原告遭受不可彌補損害之暫時性的、短期的、在法院決 定永久性禁令之前所給予之救濟措施。2 禁令制度劃分 基于美國的法律制度基本仿效了英國的法律模式 , 美、英兩國在 臨時禁令制度上存在諸多相同之處， 美國的禁令制度主要分為臨時限 制令、初步禁令和永久禁令， 臨時限制令和初步禁

25、令相對于永久禁令 而言，屬于臨時禁令措施。 在美國的司法實踐中，常在判例中將禁令 稱為“非常的法律救濟” ，其目的旨在當申請人的明確權利或公共利 益將面臨更大的損害時， 采取的要求被申請人的作為或不作為的救濟 措施。2.1 臨時限制令 臨時限制令作為初步禁令的前一階段， 依申請人的單方申請， 在 訴訟前啟動，并以書面或口頭形式作出。僅在某些特殊情況下，如原 告清晰表明在發(fā)出禁令聽審前可能發(fā)生直接的不可挽回的損失或以 書面形式證明其已作出的努力及不應發(fā)出通知的理由成立時， 允許法 院不經通知被申請人或其律師而直接頒布。 鑒于臨時限制令的這一情 形，并非所有當事人都收到禁令決定的通知， 難免造成對

26、缺席者權利 的不公正對待，因此，臨時限制令的有效期間較短， 在作出后的 10 日 后終止，除非申請人有理由表明該禁令可以再延長 10 日或被申請人 同意的情況下，臨時限制令可以再延長 10 日，當然在此期間，為使 得法院不撤銷臨時限制令， 申請人應當及時申請初步禁令， 當臨時限 制令的獲得，沒有通知被申請人時，申請人應在 2 日內或法院要求 的更短時間內將申請和臨時限制令的裁定一并送達被申請人， 在該期 限內，被申請人則有權要求出庭并申請撤銷、變更該裁定，這種情況 下，法院應當以公平公正的原則及時對被申請人的請求進行審理， 以 決定是否作出撤銷或變更的裁定。2.2 初步禁令初步禁令又稱預備性禁令， 是在申請人提起訴訟后， 法院作出最 終判決前， 經過聽證和辯論程序由法院作出的救濟措施， 其效力持續(xù) 到最終判決生效之日。 與臨時限制令同為臨時救濟措施， 但初步禁令 的一個不同之處在于程序要求非常嚴格， 一般禁令的頒布都必須經過 向被申請人送達通知， 進行交