BookUnit Working the land 知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)法

1、Unit 2 Working the land一、單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽詞匯部分詞語(yǔ)辨析1. expand / extend / spread / stretch 2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession詞形變化1. hunger n.u 饑餓；欲望hungry adj. 饑餓的2. expand v.使變大；伸展expansion n.u,c擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展3. satisfy vt. 使某人滿意達(dá)到要求；滿足需要satisfied adj. 對(duì)表示滿意satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人滿意的sat

2、isfaction n. 滿意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免費(fèi)的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由5. equip vt.&vi. 配備；裝備equipment n.u 裝備；設(shè)備6. discover vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到discovery n.被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物，發(fā)現(xiàn)discoverer n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)者重點(diǎn)單詞 1. struggle vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力 2. equip vt.&vi. 配備；裝備 3. regret (regretted) vt. (對(duì))遺憾；惋惜 n.c,u 遺憾；惋惜4. reduce vt.&vi

3、. 減少；減縮 5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n.c,u 焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn)6. comment vi.&vt. 表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；作出評(píng)論 n.c,u 評(píng)論；議論重點(diǎn)詞組1. thanks to 幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?(有時(shí)作反語(yǔ))2. rid sb./sth. of 使某人某物擺脫3. be satisfied with 對(duì)表示滿足或滿意4. would rather 寧愿5. build up 逐漸建立；逐漸增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)；積累；開(kāi)發(fā)6. lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）；通往7. keep.free from/of 使免受(影響/傷害)；使不含(有害物) 重點(diǎn)句子1

4、. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法V-ing 的基本用法（見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法部分）二、課文要點(diǎn)1、根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。1. What does the word “battle” refer to in the se

5、cond paragraph? A. The low rice output. B. Ridding the world of hunger. C. Fighting against farming. D. The freedom to do research2. Yuan Longping likes to be called a farmer for _. A. he used the land as the r

6、esources for his researchB. his appearance is like that of a farmers C. he struggled for the farmers D. he was born into a farmers family  3. Why is D

7、r Yuan now circulating his knowledge in other countries? A. To teach them to use tools.  B. To earn more money. C. To be famous.  D. To increase their rice

8、 harvests.  4. What is Pare.2 mainly about? A. The present situation of Yuan Longping.B. A brief introduction of his background. C. His achievements. D. Both B 

9、and C. 5. It can be inferred from the text that_. A. Yuan know the importance of rice export B. Yuan is interested in playing the violin C. Yuan is proud of his achievements D. Yuans rice is grown in many countries2、閱讀課文，然后完成下列表格Para.Main idea1His (1)_ and super hybrid rice2His birth, (2)_

10、 and achievements3His (3)_4His (4)_3、根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語(yǔ)法填空，注意單詞拼寫(xiě)和詞語(yǔ)用法：Dr Yuan Longping is a pioneer of agriculture in China. He (1)_ from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Since then he devoted his life to (2)_ways to grow more rice and succeeded. The rice farmers are now producing harvests twice (3)

11、_large as before by growing his super hybrid rice. (4)_ he was not satisfied with his work.(5)_ now he leads a rich life, he still insists on (6)_ work to develop his rice. His work is really important to the world. Because of his hard work, the production of food has been (7)_And the problem of (8)

12、_ can be solved. Thanks (9)_Yuan Longping's great work, millions of people can benefit (10)_ his extraordinary work.III 詞性變化 （旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料）1. hunger n.u 饑餓；欲望hungry adj. 饑餓的2. expand v.使變大；伸展expansion n.u,c擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展3. satisfy vt. 使某人滿意達(dá)到要求；滿足需要satisfied adj. 對(duì)表示滿意satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人滿意的sa

13、tisfaction n. 滿意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免費(fèi)的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由5. equip vt.&vi. 配備；裝備equipment n.u 裝備；設(shè)備6. discover vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到discovery n.被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物，發(fā)現(xiàn)discoverer n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)者【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). In some poor African areas, many children died of _ (hungry) every year. 2). The basic needs of the worl

14、d population should _ (satisfy) first. 3). The survey found that men got greater _ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work. 4). The rapid _ (expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. 5). We were told to keep all our sports _ (equip) in the lockers downstairs.

15、 6). The people there enjoy complete _ (free) of speech. 7). The _ (discover) of electricity was Franklin.8). Like many _ (discover), atomic power can be used for good or evil. 重點(diǎn)詞匯1. struggle vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力典例 They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他們掙扎著從燒著的車(chē)?yán)锿馀馈?He has been strugglin

16、g with/against illness for many years. 他已與疾病斗爭(zhēng)了許多年了。 詞語(yǔ)歸納struggle for 為而斗爭(zhēng)struggle with / against與作斗爭(zhēng)struggle to do sth.努力做某事 練習(xí) 按要求填空或翻譯。1). They are _ _ (為而斗爭(zhēng)) the position2). They struggled all through the years _ us _ the Japanese. (介詞)3). The fox struggled _ (escape).2. search for 尋找詞語(yǔ)歸納 in sea

17、rch of = looking for We are searching for the missing boy. 我們正在尋找那個(gè)丟失了的男孩。3. expand vt&vi 使變大；伸展；闡述 expansion n.擴(kuò)張；膨脹；擴(kuò)大；發(fā)展 典例 He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考慮擴(kuò)展他的生意。The eagle expanded its wings. 雄鷹展翅。辨析：expand，extend，enlarge(1)expand可以指尺碼、數(shù)量、面積、體積等的擴(kuò)大、增加，也可以指重要性的增強(qiáng)。 (2)extend 著重指長(zhǎng)

18、度的延伸，也可以指面積、范圍的擴(kuò)大，還可以用于表示世間的延長(zhǎng)。(3)enlarge意為擴(kuò)大、放大，主要指體積、范圍的擴(kuò)大，一般用作及物動(dòng)詞。運(yùn)用 用 expand, extend, enlarge 的適當(dāng)形式填空 In ten years the city's population _ by 12%.Metals _ when they are heated.Can you have these photos _ for me?The tourist season _ from May to October. 4、thanks to 幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?thanks to 是介詞短語(yǔ)，只

19、能作狀語(yǔ)，多用于褒義，也可用于諷刺口吻中，引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)可置于句首或句末。如：Thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected.由于他的努力，我們獲得了比預(yù)期更大的成功。拓展 (1)because of 意為“因?yàn)椋挥捎凇?，多用于表示直接原因，通常只作狀語(yǔ)，不作表語(yǔ)。后面可接名詞、代詞、分詞等。(2)due to 意為“由于；歸因于”，可作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，不可位于句首。(3)owing to 意為“由于”，可作狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子，可放在句首或句末，用逗號(hào)將其和句子其他部分隔開(kāi)。運(yùn)用 用 thanks t

20、o, because of, owing to, due to 填空This accident was _ the driver's carelessness.They decided to postpone the trip, _ the change of the weather._ your advice, much trouble was saved.He got angry _ what she said.5rid.of 擺脫；除去典例 I want to rid the room of dirt.我想除去房間的灰塵。拓展 get rid of 免除；擺脫 rob sb.of

21、 sth.搶劫某人某物remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事運(yùn)用 完成句子You should _ (使自己擺脫) that bad habit.You are supposed to _ (擺脫) carelessness.Please _ ( 提醒我一下 ) the date at this time tomorrow.6be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意典例 Both he and I are satisfied with the result. 我和他都對(duì)結(jié)果很滿意。拓展 be pleased/content with 對(duì)感到滿意/滿足satisfaction n滿

22、意 to one's satisfaction 令某人滿意的是運(yùn)用 完成句子I _ ( 對(duì)不滿意) the present situation._ (令我們滿意的是), he won the race.7would rather do sth.寧愿做某事典例 She would rather go by car. 她寧愿坐汽車(chē)去。拓展 would rather do sth. than do sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事would rather not do sth.寧愿不做某事would ratherthat-clause 寧愿(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用 did/had don

23、e)運(yùn)用 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空We would rather you _ (stay) with us tonight.I would rather _ (go) there alone.He would rather _ (play) basketball than _(listen) to music.I would rather you _ (attend) the meeting yesterday.He said he would rather _ (not do) it right now.8. therefore adv. “因此，所以”，副詞，常和and搭配連接句子。正式用

24、語(yǔ)，常用于數(shù)學(xué)、邏輯和其他精密的推論中，特用以表示嚴(yán)密的推理。典例I was ill, and therefore I couldnt come.我當(dāng)時(shí)病了，因此沒(méi)能來(lái)9. equip vt.&vi. 配備；裝備 equipment n.u 裝備；設(shè)備典例 A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用終生。重點(diǎn)用法equip sb./sth. with 用武裝某人；用裝備某物 equip sth.on.在上裝備某物 to be specially equipped 裝備獨(dú)特to be well equipped 裝備精良eq

25、uip sb.for.使某人具有 練習(xí) 按要求填空或翻譯。1). The soldiers were well _ _ (裝備好了) weapons. 2). We must equip young teachers _ _ _ (對(duì)付) difficult children. 3). This library is equipped _ (介詞) atomic research.4). Our classroom _ _ _ (裝備有) a computer and a tape recorder.10. confuse 動(dòng)詞, 表示“把(某人)弄糊涂; 使迷惑”。 confusion n.

26、 混亂; 慌亂; 混淆典例 He was confused by a strange idea. 他被奇怪的念頭弄糊涂了。拓展 be/ get confused with 對(duì)感到困惑 confuse with 混淆confusing和confused辨析: 這兩個(gè)詞都是由confuse轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的形容詞。confusing意思是“莫名其妙的; 難以理解的強(qiáng)調(diào)事物本身所具有的性質(zhì); confused意思是“糊涂的; 迷亂的”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)人對(duì)某事物的感受。運(yùn)用 完成句子 The police _(對(duì)感到困惑) the case after they heard what he said.11. regr

27、et 動(dòng)詞, 意為“為感到遺憾; 后悔; 惋惜”。典例 I didnt regret the choice I had made. 我做了這個(gè)選擇并不后悔。 【拓展】1) regret還可用作名詞, 意為“遺憾; 后悔”。 I felt a great regret at having spent my time in this way. 我對(duì)這樣浪費(fèi)光陰深感懊悔。 2) regret to do sth 表示“遺憾地要”，后面的動(dòng)詞常是say, tell, speak, inform等; regret doing sth 表示“后悔做過(guò)”; to ones regret 令人遺憾的是運(yùn)用 I

28、_（遺憾地說(shuō)）you are fired by the company.12. build up 逐漸建立；逐漸增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)；積累；開(kāi)發(fā)典例 You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白質(zhì)以增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。 練習(xí) 翻譯填空。1). Slowly a thick layer of fat _ _ (越聚越多) on the pan s surface.2). Exercise will help _ _ (增強(qiáng)) the muscles. 3). They have finally _ _ (建立) a big company.Keys: 1). build

29、s up 2). build up 3). built up 13. lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）；通往典例 This misprint led to great confusion. 這個(gè)印刷錯(cuò)誤造成很大的混淆。 短語(yǔ)歸納 lead短語(yǔ)：lead sb. to 把某人帶到lead sb. to do sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事 lead sb. in doing sth. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)/帶領(lǐng)某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子意思填空或按要求填空。1). The events _ _ the start of the First World Wa

30、r.2).What led him _ (kill) his wife? 3). He had led everyone _ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.4). Our research led us _ (介詞) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.5). Too much work and too little rest often _ _ illness.6). He will lead the party of scientists _ (do) the resear

31、ch. 7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ _ success.8). The drivers carelessness _ _ the serious traffic accident.14. keep.free from/of = protect sb./sth. from. 使免受(影響/傷害 典例 We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我們應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離毒品。 練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子意思填空。1). We ve managed to _ the garden _ _weeds this

32、 year.2). Relaxation exercises can _ your body _ _ tension.重點(diǎn)句子1Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士種植的是被稱為“超級(jí)雜交水稻”的稻種。解析 “what is called super hybrid rice”是 what 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作 grows 的賓語(yǔ)，what 在從句中作主語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)詞 what 在此句 中 相 當(dāng) 于 “the n. that” 結(jié) 構(gòu) 。 本 句 可 改 為 “Dr Yuan Longping grows the

33、rice that is called super hybrid rice.”。運(yùn)用 完成句子 At last, they reached _(被稱為美洲大陸的新地方)At last, they reached _ the New America.He graduated from _(一所所謂的重點(diǎn)高中) He graduated from _ a key one.2、what was called a key high school= the high school that was called2. This special strain of rice makes it possibl

34、e to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。解釋 本句包含“make it賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式才是真正的賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)真正的賓語(yǔ)還可以是從句。可用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞還有：consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove等。如：He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感覺(jué)到好好照顧他們是他的責(zé)任。The

35、bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.運(yùn)用 完成句子We should _ (使保護(hù)環(huán)境成為我們的職責(zé)) the environment.We _ ( 認(rèn)為精通英語(yǔ)極其重要) English.3Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.出生于 1930 年，袁博士 1953 年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)。解釋 本句中，“born in 1930”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯

36、上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)還可以表示原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式等。運(yùn)用 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空_ (equip) with electronic dictionaries, the students find learning English is much easier and more convenient._ (ask) what had happened, he lowered his head._ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast._ (left) at home, Jean didn't feel afr

37、aid at all.動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)名詞的形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二、v-ing作主語(yǔ)的用法動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子有三種形式：1. v-ing直接置于句首主語(yǔ)的位置上。作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)作, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如 Doing sports does good to us. Swimming is my favorite sport.2. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常后置, 用it作形式主語(yǔ)，用形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的作表語(yǔ)的名詞或短語(yǔ)有：useful, useless, no

38、 use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等。例如 It is no use waiting for him any longer.It is a waste of time arguing about it.3. “There is + no”后可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，表示“沒(méi)法”，=“It is impossible to do ”。例如 There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。There was no tell

39、ing when this might happen again.三、v-ing作賓語(yǔ)的用法1. 某些動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有: admit, escape, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, risk, miss, delay(延誤), practise, suggest等。 常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期（avoid, miss, postpone）建議完成多練習(xí)（advice, finish, practise）喜歡想象禁不?。╡njoy, imagine, cant help）承認(rèn)否認(rèn)與嫉妒（admit, deny, envy）逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒（escape, risk, excuse）例如：He suggested going there by bus.2. 有些短語(yǔ)如cant stand, give up, put off, keep on, set about, succeed in, insist on, feel like, be/get used