全國(guó)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試真題及答案理工類(lèi)A級(jí)

1、2011年全國(guó)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試真題及答案理工類(lèi)（A級(jí)）第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第115題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclear B obvious C major D minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatly B suddenly C generally

2、 D slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructing B notifying C pushing D inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raise B pose C experience D handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignored B organized C caused D received6

3、Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spend B take C last D stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic B happy C alone D busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shaking B turning C jumping D shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero t

4、onight after rescuing two children.A reported B proved C praised D caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxious B sure C sad D afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A give B attach C lose D understand12 Anderson left th

5、e table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubting Bsaying C thinking D knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintained B recommended C considered D acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking s

6、cience courses.A relative B general C continuous D sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizes B simplifies C evaluates D examines第2部分：閱讀判斷(第1622題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。Earth Rocks OnMost of the time, the groun

7、d feels solid beneath our feet. That's comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years

8、.Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question.Now, an international group of researc

9、hers has an answer. They've found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust (地殼) started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3.8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids (小行星) were pummeling Earth, keeping its

10、 crust in a hot, molten state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface as lava.In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the

11、 Isua supracrustal(上地殼) belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with

12、 a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(巖漿), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the area cooled, forming what we see today.That ex

13、planation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.16 The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed

14、with the movements of plates.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 Scientists once estimated that Earth's crust started shifting three billion years ago.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20.It took a long time for the melte

15、d crust to become hard.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21.The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22. The lsua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第233

16、0題，每題1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；(2)第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。The IPad1 The IPad is a tablet computer (平板電腦) designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals (期刊), movies, music, and ga

17、mes, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the IPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.2 The IPad runs the same operating system as IPod Touch and I

18、Phone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for IPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.3 Like IPhone and iPod Touch, the IPad is controlled by a multitouch display-a break from most previous tablet computers

19、, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus (觸控筆). The IPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse (瀏覽) the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The devices is managed and synchronized (同步)

20、by ITunes on a personal computer via USB cable.4 An IPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of IPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sit

21、es and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. IPand applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.5 While the IPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken

22、up by business users. Some companies are adopting IPads in their business offices by distributing or making available IPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approvi

23、ng employee requests. A survey by Frost & Sullivan shows that IPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.23、 Paragraph 224、 Paragraph 325、 Paragraph 426、 Paragraph 5A Business usageB Differences from IPhoneC Opera

24、ting systemD Online storesE Features and applicationsF Display and data connection27 In April 2010 the IPad developed by Apple was .28 The IPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not .29 IPad applications enable the owner's email accounts to be .30 IPad usage in offices enables employee

25、 productivity to be .A browsedB increasedC releasedD modifiedE distributedF personalized第4部分：閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問(wèn)題，為每題確定一個(gè)最佳答案。第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not

26、 to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communicationhaving a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some

27、 doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile pho

28、nes are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (掃描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at

29、 a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone

30、 use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount

31、is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient,

32、especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT thatA they're popularB they're cheapC they'r

33、e usefulD they're convenient32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced byA curedB removedC discoveredD caused33 The salesman retired young becauseA he disliked using mobile phonesB he was tired of talking on his mobile phoneC he couldn't remember simple tasksD hi

34、s employer's doctor persuaded him to34 On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companiesA deny the existence of mobile phone radiationB develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiationC try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to healthD hold that the amount of radi

35、ation is too small to worry about35 The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise peopleA to buy mobile phonesB to update regular phonesC to use mobile phones less oftenD to stop using mobile phones第二篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some peo

36、ple to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized (大力宣傳的) eff

37、orts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why publ

38、ic health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such a

39、s soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the int

40、ensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and because it is needed to block other unpleas

41、ant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. "However, supe

42、rtasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented (發(fā)酵的), milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertast

43、er finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know th

44、at a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.36 John Hayes pointed out that _.A food with less salt tastes better.B many people never eat low-salt food.C many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.D it is good to health to eat food

45、 without salt.37 The fourth paragraph briefly describes_?A why the number of subjects was limited to 87.B why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.C how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the research.D how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.38

46、 It is true that _.A nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters.B supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.C nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.D supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.39 Sup

47、ertasters prefer high-salt cheese because _.A it is good to health.B it tastes less bitter.C it is rich in nutrition.D it has intense bitter tastes.40 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is _.A genetically determined.B identified with certain chemicals.C developed over time

48、after birth.D related to one's eye and hair color.第三篇 Calculating CrimeWhen you think about math, you probably don't think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find crim

49、inals.People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal （揭示） the identity of the criminal. It's long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because it's easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern

50、of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.But Mike O'Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of appr

51、oach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of an offender's home base by combining these patterns with a city's layout and historical crime records.The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets - that is, the kin

52、d of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections (十字路口) are. O'Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given

53、 city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal's patterns change with age. (It's been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.)Other computer programmers have worked on similar s

54、oftware, but O'Leary's uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O'Leary says that criminology - the study of crime and criminals - conta

55、ins a lot of good math problems. "I feel like I'm in a gold mine and I'm the only one who knows what gold looks like," he says. "It's a lot of fun."41 Which of the following statements about math is true?A It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals

56、.B Few people associate it with finding criminals.C Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.D it has long been employed in solving crimes.42 People tend to think there is a relationship betweenA the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.B the type of a crime and the identity of th

57、e criminal.C the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal.D the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.43 O'Leary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPTA the records of past crimes.B the locations of police bureaus.C the people living in t

58、he city.D the change of a criminal's patterns with age.44 O'Leary's program is different from other similar software in thatA it is inexpensive.B it uses more math.C it is more user-friendly.D it is available all over the world.45 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that O'LearyA will develop programs for other governmental departments.B is going to use math in