情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)用法總結(jié)及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)用法總結(jié)及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)  1.can / could用于表推測(cè)的用法(1) 從使用句型上看，can 通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，一般不用于肯定句，而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句。兩者沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別，只是could 比 can 更委婉，更不確定。如：It cant couldnt be true. 那不可能是真的。What can could they be doing? 他們會(huì)在干什么呢?We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我們可能要去那兒。注：can 有時(shí)也用于肯定句中表示推測(cè)，主要用于表示理論上的可能性(即從理論上

2、看是可能的，但實(shí)際未必會(huì)發(fā)生)，或表示“有時(shí)”之意。如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師也可能出錯(cuò)。She can be very unpleasant. 她有時(shí)很令人討厭。(2) 從時(shí)間關(guān)系看，對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的情況作推測(cè)，后接 be doing 結(jié)構(gòu)；對(duì)過(guò)去情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：He could have gone home. 他可能已經(jīng)回家了。He cant couldnt have understood. 他不可能理解了。Why does he know this? C

3、an Could someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 會(huì)是哪個(gè)人告訴他了嗎?(3) “could+完成式”除表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)外，還有以下重要用法： 表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，常譯為“本來(lái)可以”。如：I could have lent you the moneyWhy didnt you ask me? 我本來(lái)可以借這筆錢(qián)給你的。你為什么不向我提出? 用來(lái)委婉地責(zé)備某人過(guò)去應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)有去做，常譯為“本來(lái)應(yīng)該”。如：You could have helped him. 你本來(lái)應(yīng)該幫助他的。 表示“差點(diǎn)兒就要”。如：I could have died l

4、aughing. 我差點(diǎn)兒笑死了。2. may / might用于表推測(cè)的用法表示推測(cè)，兩者都可用，只是 might 比 may 語(yǔ)氣更不確定，表示的可能性更小。(1) 在句型使用方面：兩者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑問(wèn)句的句中（如特殊疑問(wèn)句等），而might盡管可以用于疑問(wèn)句的句首，但不算普通，通常會(huì)改用其他句式（如用could等）。如：He may might know the answer. 他可能知道答案。He may might not believe you. 他可能不會(huì)相信你。And who may might she be? 那么她會(huì)

5、是哪一位呢？(2) 從時(shí)間關(guān)系看，對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的情況作推測(cè)，后接 be doing 結(jié)構(gòu)；對(duì)過(guò)去情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：He may might tell his wife. 他也許會(huì)告訴他妻子。He may might be writing a letter. 他可能在寫(xiě)信。She may might have read it in the papers. 她可能在報(bào)上已讀到過(guò)此事。(3)“might+完成式”除表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)外，還有以下重要用法： 表示過(guò)去某事可能發(fā)生而實(shí)際上卻并沒(méi)發(fā)生。如：It was really very dangerou

6、s. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危險(xiǎn)了，我差點(diǎn)沒(méi)命了。A lot of men died who might have been saved很多人本來(lái)可以獲救的卻死了。 表示委婉的批評(píng)或責(zé)備。如：You might have made greater progress. 你的進(jìn)步本來(lái)可更大一些的。You might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信嘛。3. must表示推測(cè)的用法must 表示很有把握的推測(cè)，其意為“一定會(huì)”“肯定會(huì)”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的情況作

7、推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。No, he must be lying. 不，他一定在撒謊He must have mistaken my meaning. 他一定誤會(huì)了我的意思。4. should have done 的用法should have done只用于談?wù)撨^(guò)去情況，主要有兩個(gè)用法：一是用于推測(cè)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況，二是用于指本該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上未發(fā)生的情況。如：You should have told me so before. 你早就應(yīng)該告訴我。He

8、 should have arrived by now. 此時(shí)他本該到了。Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什么時(shí)候了! 十分鐘前我們就該到戲院了。5. need have done 的用法need have done結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，一般不用于肯定句。用于否定句時(shí)，表示本來(lái)不必做某事，但實(shí)際上卻做了；用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用于詢問(wèn)某一過(guò)去動(dòng)作的必要性。如：You neednt have hurried. 你當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)在不必那么匆忙。She neednt have come in per

9、son a letter would have been enough. 她本不必親自來(lái)寫(xiě)封信來(lái)就足夠了。Need you have paid so much? 你當(dāng)時(shí)真須要付那么多錢(qián)嗎?Need they have sold the farm? 他們那時(shí)非得把農(nóng)場(chǎng)賣掉不可嗎? 歷屆NMET中表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是高考的重點(diǎn)考察內(nèi)容之一。其中表示推測(cè)用法的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在近幾年的高考中更是屢見(jiàn)不鮮?，F(xiàn)結(jié)合近幾年的高考題目，對(duì)表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法作一歸納，希望對(duì)各位考生會(huì)有所幫助：【考例】1. Naturally, after I told h

10、er what to do, my daughter _ go and do the opposite! A. may B. can C. must D. should (2003年普通高等學(xué)校春季招生統(tǒng)一招生考試英語(yǔ)試題（安徽卷）)【分析】Can,may,must都可用來(lái)表示”推測(cè)”，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同：May常用來(lái)指”事實(shí)上的可能性”，而can則表示一種”理論上的可能性”例如：The railways may be improved.=It is possible that the railways will be improved.=Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly the r

11、ailways will be improved.鐵路可能會(huì)得到改進(jìn)。（意味著已有具體的改進(jìn)計(jì)劃或方案。）The railways can be improved.=It is possible for the railways to be improved.鐵路可以得到改進(jìn)。（意思是鐵路還不完善，尚有問(wèn)題存在。）理論上的可能性(can)比事實(shí)上的可能性(may)更弱。在一般的陳述句，can與sometimes幾乎相同，表示一種偶然的可能性。比如：Even expert drivers can make mistakes.甚至是很熟練的駕駛員也可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。=Even expert driver

12、s sometimes make mistakes.=It is possible for the expert drivers to make mistakes.因此，如果講的是一種特殊情況，不是一般情況，就用may,試比較：Mr Reed looks pale.He may be ill.Mr Reed is in poor health.He can be ill at any time.Must指邏輯必然,作“想必”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“一定”解，用來(lái)表示我們對(duì)某事有把握的推論或揣測(cè)。（考慮到跡象如此，再無(wú)別的結(jié)論=It seems certain that.）:They must be ve

13、ry tired now, for they have been working the whole morning.他們現(xiàn)在一定是非常累了，因?yàn)樗麄冋麄€(gè)上午都在工作。析：填C.must。意思是”不出所料，當(dāng)我告訴女兒要做的事時(shí)，她準(zhǔn)會(huì)去做相反的事?！薄究祭?、Mary _ be in Paris.I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.(NMET1994) A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.may not 2、.-Is John coming by train? (NMET 2002 Tianjing ) -He shoul

14、d,but he _ not.He likes driving his car.Amust B.can C.need D.may【分析】May用于否定時(shí)，not不是否定may，而是否定句中的動(dòng)詞，這一點(diǎn)與can不同，試比較：He may not know the truth.他可能不知道事情的真相。（=It is possible that he didnt know the truth.）He cannot know the truth.他不可能知道事情的真相。must表示推測(cè)的這種用法通常用在肯定句中，在疑問(wèn)句中常用can(可能)，在否定句中常用cant(不可能，不會(huì)是)，而不用mustn

15、t。例如：- Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be ? It must be Wang Hong.- No, It cant be Wang Hong, because she left for Shanghai this morning.-有人在敲門(mén)。會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢？一定是王紅。-不，不會(huì)是王紅，因?yàn)樗裉煸绯烤蛣?dòng)身去上海了。因而You must be joking.在意義上相當(dāng)于You cant be serious.析：1、填C。意思是”瑪麗不可能在巴黎。幾分鐘前我還看見(jiàn)她在鎮(zhèn)上。2、填D。意思是”-約翰會(huì)坐火車來(lái)嗎？-應(yīng)該會(huì)，但他可能

16、不會(huì)。他喜歡開(kāi)車?！薄究祭?.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. (NMET 2002Beijing ) -It _ true because there was little snow there. A.may not be B.won't be C.couldn't be D.mustn't be 【分析】Could,might表示過(guò)去的可能性。I thought it might be true.我本認(rèn)為那是真的。He could be very unreasonable.他有時(shí)可能毫不

17、講理。析：填C。它是對(duì)去年冬天所發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。【考例】1.-Are you coming to Jeffs party? (NMET 2000) -Im not sure.I_go to the concert instead. A.must B.would C.should D.might 2.-Look!The clouds are gathering. -Yes.I'm afraid it _ be pouring down soon. A,can B,must C,should D,might【分析】could和might表示現(xiàn)在的情況時(shí)，更帶有不肯定性和慎重味道，構(gòu)成禮貌

18、或婉轉(zhuǎn)說(shuō)法，包含或許的意思：A:I wonder where Tom is. B:He may/might/could be in the library.(Perhaps he is in the library.)因此在wonder, fear,be afraid等后接的從句中,通常用may/might/could,表達(dá)一種探詢的觀點(diǎn)：I was afraid you might be out of sorts.我怕你可能心情不痛快。假設(shè)性的可能和試探性的可能，也用could和might：Our team might still win the race.(可以意譯為：It is poss

19、ible,though unlikely,that )析：1、2均填D.might【考例】Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? Acan Bshould Cmay Dmust(2001年上海普通高校春季招生考試試卷)【分析】表示推測(cè)的may通常不用于一般疑問(wèn)句，而要用can代替。Can用于一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，還可表示驚訝或懷疑，意思是”（到底）可能有這樣的事嗎？”，比如：“There is the doorbell.”Who can it be at thi

20、s time of day?”有人按門(mén)鈴?！边@個(gè)時(shí)候到底會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢？”Must也偶爾用于疑問(wèn)句：Must there be some good reason for the delay?這個(gè)問(wèn)句設(shè)想的是一個(gè)肯定的回答，可以解釋為”Does there have to be some good reason?”may可用于特殊疑問(wèn)句或wh-從句，意思是”（到底）是”、”不知是否”：I wonder what it may mean.我不知道這究竟是什么意思。How old may his father be?他父親到底有多大年紀(jì)？（比How old is his father?委婉的說(shuō)法。）析：填

21、1、A.can.（布什先生做什么事都很按時(shí)。他怎么可能會(huì)在開(kāi)幕式上遲到呢？）【考例】1. Sorry I'm late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.( 2000年普通高等學(xué)校春季招生考試 (北京、安徽卷) A. might B. should C. can D. will 2.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It_a comfortable journey.

22、(NMET95) A.can't beB.shouldn't be C.mustn't have beenD.couldn't have been【分析】“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have + -ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè), 就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。must + have + -ed分詞: 用于肯定句, 表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某事“肯定,一定，準(zhǔn)是”發(fā)生了。 其否定形式為：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生某事。 may(might) + have + -ed 分詞: 用于肯

23、定句和其他否定句, 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生事情的不肯定的推測(cè), 意為“可能, 大概”, 其中might較may語(yǔ)氣更弱, 把握更小。Can/could用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中,表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事件的“懷疑或不肯定”。could 比can更表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣的不肯定。例如： I mailed that letter a week ago. He must have received it.我一周前就發(fā)出了那封信, 想必他一定收到了。I cant find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.Jack cant have arri

24、ved yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.（上海1997）It couldn't have been Mr. Smith. He has gone to China.不太可能是史密斯先生。他已去了中國(guó)。另外，注意may不可用于疑問(wèn)句，它的這種功能已為can所取代。例如Can they have missed the bus?的答句是：Yes,they may have done.而不是Yes,they can have done.這一點(diǎn)要注意。Must偶爾也能用于否定句：His absence must not have been no

25、ticed.此句和His absence cant have been noticed.的意思是一樣的。許多評(píng)論者認(rèn)為這類句子是不可能成立的，但它們正在為越我來(lái)越多的人所接受和使用，在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中尤其如此。對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)，則采用”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別與上相同。析：答案A、D。can通常不用于肯定句表猜測(cè)；”should+have+-ed分詞”表示”過(guò)去本來(lái)應(yīng)該做”，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做，意思是”本該.”，帶有責(zé)備口氣:I was really anxious about you.You shouldnt have left without a word. (NM

26、ET2001) ；”will+have+-ed分詞”只是將來(lái)完成時(shí)的一種形式?！究祭?.It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack _be here at any moment. (NMET95) A.must B.need C.shouldD.can 【分析】should(ought to)表示很可能、預(yù)期的意思，指一種嘗試性推論，可認(rèn)為是must的語(yǔ)氣較弱的對(duì)應(yīng)詞，意思是”應(yīng)該會(huì)、一定。吧”。試比較：Our guests must be home by now.(I am certain)我們的客人現(xiàn)在一定到家了。（根據(jù)他們動(dòng)身的時(shí)間、路程遠(yuǎn)近、速度等

27、具體條件，我能斷定/肯定他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到家了。）Our guests should(ought to) be home by now.(They probably are,but Im not certain.)我們的客人現(xiàn)在該到家了。（含義是我想他們很可能到家了，但我不能肯定”）與must不同還在于它常常表示將來(lái)：-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.-They_be ready by 12:00. (NMET1998) A.can B.should C.might D.need表示不太可能可用should

28、nt(oughtnt to):There shouldnt(oughtnt to) be any difficulties.不該有任何困難。析：填C。意思是”將近七點(diǎn)了。杰克很可能隨時(shí)會(huì)到?！?另外，在近幾年的NMET中，對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其它語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的考查均放到一定的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行，要求考生利用所學(xué)英語(yǔ)各項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行初步的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用，而不再是單純的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)題和短語(yǔ)題。這類試題往往通過(guò)題干的其他部分或附加句子提供某個(gè)信息，然后讓考生根據(jù)這個(gè)信息進(jìn)行合理推理，產(chǎn)生新的想法和認(rèn)識(shí)。因此，在做這類題時(shí)，除要熟悉所考查的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則外，還要認(rèn)真分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，注意抓住關(guān)鍵詞，分析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。不能單憑語(yǔ)法規(guī)則做

29、題。  鞏固練習(xí)1.Michael _ be a policeman, for he's much too short.    A. need't B. can't C. should D .may 2.Johnny,you _ play with the knife. You _hurt youself. A.won't,can't B.mustn't,may C.shouldn't,must D.cant't,shouldn't 3.Peter _ come with us tonight

30、,but taken he isn't very sure yet.A.can B.may C.will D.must 4.Put on more clothes.You _ be taken feeling cold with only a shirt on. A.must B.can C.could D.would 5.It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack _ be here at any moment.A.must B.need C.should D.can 6.I didn't hear the phone.I _ asleep.

31、A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been 7.Jack _ yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.A.mustn't have arrived B.shouldn't have arrived C.can't have arrived D.need not have arrived 8.-there were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It

32、_ a comfortable journey.A.can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn't have been D.couldn't have been 9.He _you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 10.Yesterday Jane waooked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something the wou

33、ld regret later. A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said 11.There was plenty of time.She _.A.mustn't have hurried B.needn't have hurried C.should have written it out D.couldn't have hurried 12.Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but be meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling

34、D.haven't told 13.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I _ for her. A.had to wirte it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 14.If you had worked harder,you _. A.would succeed B.had succeeded C.should succeed D.would have succeeded 15.-If he _,h

35、e _that food. -luckily he wsa sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned;would not take B.had been warrned;had not taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken 16.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh,did you?You _ with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 17.Sorry I'm late.I _ have turned off the alarm and gone back to sleep again. A.might B.should C.can D.will 18.-Shall I tell John about it? -No y