對于寫作稿子.doc

1、對于寫作稿子.doc1 E_le1 More and more young students go abroad because they want to get better education and find a better job in the future.I think that they may have problems in study and also in life.There may be problems in study and also in life for young students to go abroad to/ in order to/in an e

2、ffort to/ so as to get/receive better education and find/secure a better job in the future.E_le2 開頭句群眾臉：With the development of science and technology, our life is more and more convenient.開頭句明星臉：With the e_pansion of IT implication, our life is of increasing convenience.開頭句巨星臉：Thanks to the rapid e

3、_pansion of IT-based implication, the convenience of our daily life is on the rise.E_le3 越來越多的剛剛畢業(yè)的大學生發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越難找到好工作。菜鳥級 More and more college graduates who have just graduated from university find that finding a good job is more and more difficult.大鳥級 A growing number of fresh graduates find that obta

4、ining a decent job is increasingly difficult.神鳥級 The difficulty of being employed by a decent employer is on the rise, as the number of fresh graduates grows.雖然說這兩個句子的 WPS(每句中的詞匯數(shù))都超過 10 個，應該說不能算是寫的特別初級的簡單句，假如句法和詞匯沒有問題還是很有希望到達 6 分的。但假如全篇都是這樣的句式，整個文章就顯得幼稚，類似于記敘文寫作，絕對打破不了 7 分。寫作不同于口語，應當盡量符合書面語的正式性?？谡Z中

5、我們很習慣用“某個人做某件事”來構(gòu)成根本句式，以致于議論文中有的考生仍然寫的是這樣的句子：上例中第一句的 主句和 狀語從句中都是以某個人開場的，第二句中 主句和賓語從句也是以人做主語其實改法很簡單：我們只要防止從“某個人”開場句子就可以了，也就是說用比擬客觀的就事論事的態(tài)度。如：防止“學生出國”，只寫“出國”;防止“他們想要.”，只寫“想要.”。這樣，上面的句子就可以寫成：go abroad to get better education and find a better job in the 2 future,不但很客觀，而且把原來的主句和從句兩局部 精簡處理成了一個動詞短語。既可以做謂語

6、動詞加上原來的一個主語構(gòu)成句子，也可以用不定式、動名詞和分詞處理為非謂語動詞做主語、賓語或者狀語，還可以以從句的形式處理。至于原來第一句中的主語 young students可以用介詞短語的形式插入不定式或者動名詞短語中，而下面的句子里的評價局部的內(nèi)容提上來做主句的謂語，組成一個新的句式。另外，第二例句中的“have”，一般情況下主語都是某個人，而在寫作中多為“there be”句型所代替，更加客觀。所以上面的兩個例句就可以合并成一句 ：這樣合并不但客觀而且精煉，每個單位句子所表達的內(nèi)容自然就擴大，詞匯密度也相應地增多，自然容易得高分，假如加上個別單詞或短語的交換，就可以到達 7 分。但切記不

7、可機械照搬范文中的長句 下面就是詳細的幾個客觀表達的方面：一 句子開頭“去人化”防止太多的人化主語/ “去人化”防止總是以有生命的名詞和人稱代詞開頭(I ，People ，We 等) 可以采用以下方法加以豐富：(1).換個思維考慮，用物作開頭。A.在美國，人人都可以買到槍。用“人人”做主語：In the United States, everyone can buy guns.用“槍”做主語:In the United States, guns are available to everyone.B.你可以從因特網(wǎng)上獲得這一信息。用“你”做主語：You can obtain this info

8、rmation on the inter.用“信息”做主語：This information is available on the inter.C.他突然想到了一個新主意。用“他”做主語：He suddenly thought out a new idea.或者 Suddenly he had a new idea.用“主意”做主語：A new idea suddenly occurred to him.我試著將此句再進展一點改動，將 suddenly 換成名詞，將 occur 換成 strike 強調(diào)“突然”的程度：All of a sudden, a new idea struck hi

9、m.或者按照事物發(fā)生順序的特征將 all of a sudden 放到插入語的位置上：A new idea, all of a sudden, struck him.但這個句子插入語和前后的主干局部比起來稍顯長，所以這樣用并不是最正確選擇，試比擬 The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken up by a scream.主次清楚，重心穩(wěn)(2) 表示某人擁有的“sb.have .”句型變成 there be 句型 More and more young students go abroad because they want to g

10、et better education and find a better job in the future.I think that they may have problems in study and also in life.There may be problems in study and also in life for young students to go abroad in order to get better education and find a better job in the future.(3) 以“某人”作主語使用情態(tài)動詞can, may, shoul

11、d 等時，建議前兩個改成 It is likely /possible to do/ that .；后一個改成 It is necessary/ imperative/ highly e_pected/ suggested that sth be done.的句式：3 To curb global warming, our government should promulgate new laws to govern the felling of trees.To curb global warming, it is imperative that our government promulg

12、ate new laws to govern the felling of trees二使用被動句式 在比擬正式的新聞、商務、法律等英語文體中，被動句式因為其更突出客觀性的賓語或者事實被廣為使用。圖表分析p 和議論文都是比擬正式的文體，所以我們也應該注意多用被動句式。尤其是在以下兩個方面：(1).主語不確定 A.Someone murdered the millionaire last night.The millionaire was murdered last night.(2).主語是泛指很多人或者大局部人 B.To improve the air quality, we should

13、reduce the use of private cars.To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.C.Most people think that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales caign.It is widely believed that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales caign.被動句的用法不僅表達在主句中，在從句、非謂語動詞短語中都有可能用到，如：I

14、 am not sure whether the college graduates will find jobs in the financially difficult year.I am not sure whether the college graduates will get employed in the financially difficult year.但是因為漢語中本來是沒有被動句式的，所以受漢化思維的影響很多考生不會想到這一點。這就要求我們對此要引起足夠的重視，并且在平時多加練習以培養(yǎng)對其敏感度。歸納起來說，議論文中我們要積極防止“某個人”做主語，盡量用不定式、動名詞從

15、句做主語，或者使用被動語態(tài)，謂語動詞用評價性的動詞充當，這樣就可以由 記敘文性質(zhì)的“過程性句式”順利轉(zhuǎn)化成更符合議論文文風的 客觀評價性的句式。三 名詞化 寫 作 中 把 原 本 用 動 詞 或 者 形 容 詞 表 達 的 地 方 換 成 名 詞 叫 做 名 詞 化(nominalization)。名詞化是為了防止太多動詞造成的句法處理上的困難，同時也可以把某些陳述型的句式轉(zhuǎn)化成更客觀的評價句，更符合議論文的文體要求。如：A 班長得了流感今天沒有來。Our monitor didnt e today.He has got a flu.很明顯這兩個小句可以用因果關(guān)系的信號詞連成一句：Becaus

16、e our monitor has a 4 flu, he didnt e today.，但這個 because 引導的原因狀語從句以及其它的狀語從句是考生們很常用的復合句，雖然看似比擬復雜，其實仍然是某個人做主語。假如非謂語動詞掌握得好，可能我們會想到用 Having a flu, our monitor didnt e today.這一句使用了非謂語動詞，比前一句效果有所改善，但這仍是某個人做主語，效果還可以再進一步提升。假如我們把前后兩局部分別用一個 概括性的名詞來替代，中間加上我們熟悉的 表示因果關(guān)系的動詞， 這個句子就非常符合議論文的風格：The flu caused the abs

17、ence of our monitor today.The absence of our monitor is because of his illness.至少我們可以盡量將其中的一個小句變成名詞，減少某個人做主語的口語化句式的出現(xiàn)頻率。B 誰也不能以不懂法律來為自己辯白。終究用哪一個做主語更適宜呢？我們就有要考慮句意的重點。這句話所要表達的內(nèi)涵是：有些人以自己不懂法律來為自己的違法行為辯白，也就說明“不懂法律”成為他們的法寶，而這正是作者批判和否認的主要對象。所以我們選擇“不懂法律”來做主語：Ignorance of the law e_cuses no man.但是有一些單詞是我們在寫作

18、中幾乎必需要用到的，平時要備好以下幾個常見的名詞化：lack of (if there is no.), inability(can not do)failure (didnt do.) 而且在詳細的使用過程中可以結(jié)合介詞 with 使用，使得句法更加凝練。此外個別單詞也可以利用題目中的動詞的名詞性后綴如：-tion，-ment, -isation, -ness, -ity等或者變成動名詞形式-ing。如：More younger generations celebrate the western festivals.The celebration of the western festiva

19、ls was enjoyed by more younger generations四 晉級詞匯1.對被過度使用的詞或詞組進展“晉級” butvery The film we saw last night was very interesting. The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.be of + n.交換 adj.The products are of high quality (very good ) and ar

20、e sold everywhere in China. 5 more and moreàan increasing number of;growing number of/ growing trend of. increasingly; on the rise, on the declinetrend up; trend down; drop eg.More and more people now prefer to stay at home and watch TV.àPeople in increasing numbers prefer to stay at home

21、and watch TV.because of (because) àdue to; given; considering; thanks to; owing to;on account of; in view of ; by reason of; in thatin view of the fact that.importantà Significant; vital; prominent; crucial; indispensable; essential; primary; key; leading; notable emphasize à lay emph

22、asis on; attach importance to; place stress on; make a point of; underline; highlight; give priority to try to do sth.à strive to do sth.; make great effort to do sth.; spare no effort in doing sth./to do sth.; take pains to do sth; do one"s utmost I think à From my perspective /in my

23、 opinion; from my point of view; Im of the opinion that; it occurs to me; as far as I am concerned; I am in favor of 2.防止使用語義較模糊的 make, let, have,get 而多使用語意詳細生動的動詞。1) This conversation let me have this opportunity to share their e_perience and knowledge. àThis conversation allowed me this oppor

24、tunity to share their e_perience and knowledge.2) TV makes people have few chances to municate with each other. àTV deprives people of the chance to municate with each other.3) The substance and tone of his remarks make the lasting peace in the Middle East possible. àThe substance and tone

25、 of his remarks contribute to the possibility of the lasting peace in the Middle East. 五、家庭作業(yè) 一、改寫以下文章 Every family has lots of housework.Everyone should do some of it.I help my parents do housework such as washing clothes, cleaning the room and watering flowers.I will do it well for my family.I thi

26、nk Ive learned how to take good care of myself and my family by doing housework.Sometimes doing housework is an enjoyable e_perience.And doing housework is also a kind of e_ercise.I can feel proud of myself only in this way.I think doing housework is useful and valuableThe summer holiday is ing.I will learn to do more housework.And my parents 6 will be happy.專練提示分析p ：這篇作文樣本是局部同學典型的作文風格，帶有初中作文的痕跡。幾乎所有的句子都的簡單的主謂賓或者主系表句子。每個句子的主語都是第一人稱開頭。詞匯的使用量不大，簡單單詞的重復使用頻率高。復雜句型幾乎沒有。要求：1.要求盡