虛擬語氣(8頁)

1、虛擬語氣（8頁）虛擬語氣 概念：虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想， 所說的是一個條件， 不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。 條 件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可 能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實(shí)條件句，這種情況下謂語用陳 述語氣。如： If time permits, we'll go fishing together. 如果時間允許，我們就一起去釣魚。如果假設(shè)的 情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have me

2、t that famous professor. 如果你昨天來，你就會見到那位著名的教授了。（隱含的事實(shí)是：你昨天沒 來，也沒見到那位著名教授）。知識點(diǎn)一：非真實(shí)條件中的虛擬語氣一：基本虛擬語氣1與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，虛擬語氣的條件從句的謂語用過去式（be通常用were），主句謂語用 “should （would, could, might）+ 動詞原形”女口：If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我會帶把傘。 （事實(shí)上我不可能是你）If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道

3、她的電話號碼，我就可以給她打電話了。 （事實(shí)上 我不知道 ）2、與過去事實(shí)相反：若與過去事實(shí)相反，從句：主語+had done ， 主句：主語+should/would/could/might+have done ，例如：If I'd left sooner ， I'd have been on time. 要是我早點(diǎn)動身，我就準(zhǔn)時到了。（但我動身太遲了 ）If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。 （事實(shí)：去晚 了）3、與將來事實(shí)相反從句：if+主語+were to do主句

4、：主語 +should/would/could/might+do if+ 主語 +did/were主語 +should/would/could/might+do if+ 主語 +should+do主語 +should/would/could/might+do例如:lf he we nt，would you go too?如果他去，你也去嗎？（大概他不會去）If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?（事實(shí)：來的可能性很?。?題型考點(diǎn)：對于虛擬語氣的考查，在單項(xiàng)和完形填空中出現(xiàn)的較多，在閱讀理解中

5、，也常會出現(xiàn)虛擬 語氣的句子。我們掌握了虛擬語氣的用法，會幫助我們更好的理解短文。典型例題： Mary is ill today. If she , sheabsent from school.A. were not ill , would n't beB. had bee n ill , would n't have bee nC. had been ill , should have beenD. had n't bee n ill , could be解析：題干的意思是“ hAry今天病了，如果她沒生病，今天她就會去上學(xué)了 ”因?yàn)榈谝痪湔f，Mary 今天病了，所以

6、本題考查的是與現(xiàn)在情況相反的事情，因之，主句用would、should、could+動詞原型，從句用一般過去時。答案：A【2013 浙江】 Eye doctors recomme nd that a child ' first eye examat the age of six mon ths old.A. wasB. beC. wereD. is【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語氣。題干關(guān)鍵詞為recommend，表示“推薦，建議”后接賓語從句時應(yīng)用（should+） 動詞原形的虛擬語氣，此處省去了should，故答案為B?！?013重慶】 -It rained cats and dogs

7、 this morning. I' m glad we took an umbrella.-Yeah, we would have got wet all over if weA. hadn ' t B. have n'tC. did n'tD. don't【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句主句從句均為對過去的虛擬，if從句使用過去完成時態(tài)，故選 A?！?013 安徽】I to my cousin s birthday party last night, but I was not availableA. wentB. had goneC. wo

8、uld goD. would have gone【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意：昨晚我本想要去參加我表親的生日聚會，但我沒空。選項(xiàng)中能表 示對過去虛擬的只有D答案：用情態(tài)動詞過去式后加 have done表示。注意與說明：對于與將來事實(shí)相反的情形，請注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一是這里說的與將來事實(shí)相反，實(shí)為對將來情況的推測；二是此用法中的條件從句謂語除用過去式外，有時也用“should+動詞原形”表示可能性極小，常譯為 萬一”或“were to動詞原形”表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)）；三是當(dāng)條件從句使用“should動詞原形”這樣的謂語時，主句謂語除可用“should （would, could,

9、might）+動詞原形 ”這樣的虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣或祈使語氣。如：I should see him, I'll tell him. 萬一我見到他，我就告訴他。If it should rain tomorrow, don' t exp萬(一明e天下雨，就別等我了。二：混合虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣中，當(dāng)主句與從句的謂語動作所指的時間不一致時，要求主句和從句的謂語動作根據(jù)實(shí)際的 時間情況來確定，這中情況成為混合虛擬語氣。例如：1、If she had followed the do(tor ' s advi(e, she would be quite well right

10、 now.2、If she had got finan(ial aid, she would graduate from a (ollege.3、If he were alive now, he might have grown into a handsome young man.三：含蓄虛擬語氣 有時，虛擬的條件不通過條件從句表現(xiàn)出來，而是隱含在某些詞或短語之中，這種虛擬叫做含蓄虛擬 語氣。例如：1、But for/Without your advi(e, I would have failed.2、I am really busy,otherwise, I would (ertainly

11、go with you.知識點(diǎn)二：含有情態(tài)動詞的虛擬語氣 含有情態(tài)動詞的虛擬語氣，主要表達(dá)人們的主觀的情感色彩，常常表示某事本來不該做卻做了，或者 某事本來能做卻未做等意義。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是：情態(tài)動詞+have done。例如：1、You are late again. You (ould have (ome earlier.2、It ' s so early. We needn ' t have taken a taxi.3、I have told you many times. You should have done it better.4、You' ve mad

12、e a few mistakes. You might have been more (areful.注意： must have done 只表示對現(xiàn)在的肯定推測，不表示虛擬。知識點(diǎn)三：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣一、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣wish 引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣： 1 、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式 。1 wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。 ( 事實(shí)：我根本比不上你 )2 、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語動詞： had+doneI wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那時就知道這件事情的真相。

13、 (事實(shí)：那時還不 知道)3 、表示將來難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語動詞： should/would (情態(tài)動詞) + 動詞原形I wish I should have a chance agai n.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會。（事實(shí)：很難再有這樣的機(jī)會了）注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：（1）We hope they will come,（We don ' t know if they can come.）（2）We wish they could come

14、,（We know they are not comin g.）would rather引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣：時間從句謂語虛擬現(xiàn)在 were, did （動詞一般過去式）虛擬過去had done虛擬將來did （動詞一般過去式）例: I would rather I hadn' taid such unkind things to you.（虛擬過去）rd rather you came here for the an swer tomorrow morni ng.（虛擬將來）I ' dther you posted the letter right away.（ 虛擬現(xiàn)在）表示愿望

15、、建議、請求等主觀意向的動詞之后引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：這類詞有：decide，dema nd，desire，in sist，order，propose，suggest, recomme nd，requested， require 等，謂語用should +動詞原形，should常常省略。題型考點(diǎn)：suggest當(dāng) 建議”講時，其賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)暗示、表明”時，用陳述語氣。B. insist當(dāng)堅(jiān)持 看法或建議”時，賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)堅(jiān)持某個事實(shí)”時，用陳述語氣。例如：（錯） Your pale face suggests that you （should） be ill.（對）Your pa

16、le face suggests that you are ill.（錯）I insisted that you （should） be wrong.（對） I in sisted that you were wrong.【2013 陜西】 My mom suggests that weeat out for a change this weekend.A. should B. mightC. could D. would【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。題干關(guān)鍵詞為suggest,表示建議，其后所接的名詞性從句應(yīng)用“（should+）動詞原形”的虛擬語氣，故選 A?！?013 天津】 If h

17、e had spe nt more time practici ng speak ing En glish before, he able to speak itB. would beC. has bee nD. would have bee nmuch better now.A. will be【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語氣。此題為if虛擬條件句，從句時間為 before，故是對過去的虛擬，用過去完成 時態(tài)，主句時間為now，故是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，因此用情態(tài)動詞過去式后接動詞原形，答案為B。題型考點(diǎn)：在學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語氣的時候，要對過去、現(xiàn)在、將來的虛擬的做出正確的判斷。一定要記住，虛擬語氣的條件從句

18、的謂語用過去式，動詞be要用were。典型例題：Ihim the an swerpossible， but I was so busy the n.A. could tell， if it had beenB. must have told， were itC. should have told， had it beenD. should have told， should it be解析：先分開看此題，由于設(shè)空處在主句，所以先看主句，因?yàn)橛芍骶淇床怀鲱}目所表達(dá)的具體時間， 所以再看從句，此從句是由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句，所表達(dá)的時態(tài)是一般過去時，意為我那時很忙”，所以，主句發(fā)生的事情是與過去事情

19、相反的事情，因之，主句用could、should、would+動詞原形，從句用過去完成時。答案：C【2013 浙江】Imyself moreit was a perfect day.A. shouldn 'have enjoyedB. needn'have enjoyedC. wouldn 'have enjoyedD. couldn 'have enjoyed【答案】D【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。此處情態(tài)動詞否定式couldn '與比較級more搭配表達(dá)最高級的意義；couldn ' 此處表推測“不可能”。答案為D?！?013 重慶】-What ar

20、e you doing this Saturday?-I ' m not surebut Igo to the Rolli ng Stones con cert.A. must B. would C. should D. might【答案】D【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)“ I' m not sure可知說話者不能確定，因此使用might表示推測，表示“乞二百厶匕” 有可能【2013 安徽】 It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise becauseyou know a lot of words.

21、A. mayB. couldn tC. shouldD. neednt【答案】B【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)原因狀語從句“因?yàn)槟阏J(rèn)識很多單詞”可知“在練習(xí)中不可能是詞匯給你造成了這個問題”，故選B表推測“不可能”?！?013 北京】 If wea table earlier, we couldn' t be standing here in a queue.A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意：如果我們早點(diǎn)訂桌的話，我們就不可能在這里站著排隊(duì)了?？芍猧f從句是對過去的虛擬，用過去完成時態(tài)。二、

22、主語從句中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣用在主語從句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that 等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句，謂語動詞用 should加動詞原形，should 可省略?？捎玫脑~有三類：1）suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted 等2） important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange 等3）a pity, a shame, no wonder 等三、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名

23、詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為（should） +動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice, suggesti on proposal （提議），order，dema nd, desire, request, requireme nt， recommendation （推薦）， plan，resolution （決議）， idea 等。例如： We are all for your proposal that the discussion （ should ）be put off四、表語從句中的虛擬語氣某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時，表語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式

24、為（should）+動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有： advice，suggestio n，proposal， order， dema nd，desire，request，requireme nt， recommendation 以及 plan，idea， resolution 等。例如： My suggest on is that the mayor (should)prese nt the prizes.知識點(diǎn)四：定語從句中的虛擬語氣It is (about /high) time + that sb.did sth/should do sth.例如： Don't you thi nk

25、 it's about time we went home ?注：在this is the first time / seco nd time that.句型中，從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。例如：Is this the first time that you have visited China ?注意：此句型中should不可以省去。知識點(diǎn)五：狀語從句中的虛擬語氣1在帶有even if/ even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞 形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的基本虛擬語氣相同。如:Even if he had been ill, he wo

26、uld have gone to his office.即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。2、 由as if或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示方式時， 從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或“ had 十過去分詞”。如：He treated me as if I were a stranger.他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過一樣。3、 虛擬語氣用在lest (唯恐、免得)，for fear that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中。 在由le

27、st等引 導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表 以防，以免”等意思，其謂語動詞多由should +動詞原形構(gòu)成， should也可省略。如: He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again .章節(jié)測試與練習(xí)：(1) . If Iyou, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.A. be B. was C. were D. am(2) . I do not thi nk those people are really En glish. If they were, they spe

28、ak with French acce nts.A. don't B. will not C. must n't D. would n't(3) today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?A. Were we leav ingB. If we leave C. Would we leaveD. Were we to leave(4) . If Jimtomorrow, what would you do?A. were not to comeB. will not come C. would not comeD. h

29、ad not come(5) .“She did n't ask me, so I did n't help her?”“ You mean to say, you would've helped her ?”A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you C.had she asked you D. were she to ask you(6) . They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them .A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7) . If they had known him, to him?A. would they have talkedB. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk(8) . If I lived in the ci