名詞性從句

1、編輯編輯pptNoun clauses編輯編輯ppt我的夢想是我能進入一所重點大學(xué)。我的夢想是我能進入一所重點大學(xué)。My dream is that I can enter a key university.我能進入一所重點大學(xué)是我的夢想。我能進入一所重點大學(xué)是我的夢想。 That I can enter a key university is my dream.I have a dream that I can enter a key university.我有一個夢想我能進入一所重點大學(xué)我有一個夢想我能進入一所重點大學(xué)我總是夢想著我能進入一所重點大學(xué)。我總是夢想著我能進入一所重點大學(xué)。I

2、always dream that I can enter a key university.編輯編輯ppt定義定義:在句子中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句。在句子中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句。作用作用:在復(fù)合句中作賓語、表語、主語和同位語。在復(fù)合句中作賓語、表語、主語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句又可分為賓語從句、表語因此，名詞性從句又可分為賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句和同位語從句。從句、主語從句和同位語從句。編輯編輯ppt請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won t

3、he game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?It is said that they won the game.( (主從主從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (賓從賓從) )( (表從表從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (主從主從) )編輯編輯ppt一、賓語從句一、賓語從句1.作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語1)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that 可省略可省略

4、I hear (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.2)由由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)I want to know what he has told you. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 3)動詞動詞+間接賓語間接賓語+賓語從句賓語從句She told me that she would accept my invitation.編輯編輯ppt2.作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語Our success depends upon how well we can cooper

5、ate with one another.3. It作為形式賓語作為形式賓語He has made it clear that he will not give in. 1)動詞如動詞如make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等等后面有賓補時，可用結(jié)構(gòu)后面有賓補時，可用結(jié)構(gòu) make/find等等+it+賓補賓補（adj/n)+賓語從句。賓語從句。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boi-led water every day.編輯編輯ppt2)有些表示好惡的動詞及動詞短語后，如有些表示好惡的動詞及動詞短語

6、后，如enjoy,like,love,appreciate,dislike,hate,cant help,see to,depend on,即這些動詞及即這些動詞及動詞短語后面的賓語從句前要加動詞短語后面的賓語從句前要加 it. I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food.I would appreciate it if you helped me.See to it that children dont catch cold編輯編輯ppt賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1)連詞連詞: that, if, whether2)

7、連接代詞連接代詞: who, whose, what, which3)連接副詞連接副詞: when, where, how, whyShe told me that she would accept my invitation.I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 編輯編輯ppt I dont know if he will attend the party. I dont know who knocked at the door . Do you know whose car it is? Can you tell me what

8、 they are doing? I dont know which school she studies in?編輯編輯ppt Please tell me when the train arrives. Could you tell me where you are from? Let me tell you how much I spent on the car. Peter knew why his father was so angry.編輯編輯ppt 主句的謂語動詞為主句的謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess,

9、imagine等等, 其后的賓語從句若含有否定詞其后的賓語從句若含有否定詞not, 一般要把否定詞一般要把否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上, 從句謂語用肯定從句謂語用肯定.1.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移否定的轉(zhuǎn)移I dont think this dress fits you well.賓語從句的注意事項：賓語從句的注意事項：編輯編輯ppt2. that不能省略的情況不能省略的情況1） that引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句時引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句時,可省略。但如果可省略。但如果賓語從句是并列句時，引導(dǎo)第二個分句的賓語從句是并列句時，引導(dǎo)第二個分句的that不可不可省略。省略。He said (that)he

10、 was late for school again and that the teacher would punish him.2) that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.編輯編輯ppt3.賓語從句的時態(tài)賓語從句的時態(tài)1)主句用過去時主句用過去時,且從句中有具體的時間狀語且從句中有具體的時間狀語則用過去式則用過去式(如從句表示客觀真理如從句表示客觀真理,可用現(xiàn)在時可用現(xiàn)在時)He said he was born in 1980. Yesterday To

11、m said that the earth goes round the sun.2)主句為現(xiàn)在時時主句為現(xiàn)在時時,從句可根據(jù)需要選用各種時態(tài)從句可根據(jù)需要選用各種時態(tài)I think that the Greens have left for Hawaii. I want to know if/whether he will go surfing this afternoon.編輯編輯ppt3)以下動詞后加賓語從句，從句需用以下動詞后加賓語從句，從句需用should +do, should 可以省的虛擬語氣?？梢允〉奶摂M語氣。一個堅持一個堅持insist, 兩個命令兩個命令 order, co

12、mmand三個建議三個建議suggest, propose, advise四個要求四個要求demand, require, request, desireIt was suggested that more teachers should be sent there to help them. Tom insisted that his leadership be recognized by all the boys.編輯編輯ppt練習(xí)練習(xí):用用whose, whom, what, how, that填空填空.1.I think _ he will be all right in a few

13、days. 2.Do you know _ they are waiting for? 3. He asked _ dictionary it was. 4. Please pay attention to _ the teacher said. 5. Can you tell me _ I can get to the railway station? thatwhomwhosewhathow編輯編輯ppt表語從句放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是表語從句放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語主語+連系動詞連系動詞+表語從句表語從句”1、由、由that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，that不作成分，不作成分，只起連接作用，

14、且只起連接作用，且that不可以省略不可以省略。The fact is that we have lost the game. The trouble is that I have lost his address.2、由、由whether引導(dǎo)表示不確定，由引導(dǎo)表示不確定，由because引導(dǎo)表示原因引導(dǎo)表示原因。The point is whether we should lend him the money. It is because I have ever heard of the story.編輯編輯ppt3. what, which, who, whom, whose等連接代等連接

15、代詞及詞及when, where, how, why等連接副詞既引導(dǎo)等連接副詞既引導(dǎo)句子又充當(dāng)一定的句子成分句子又充當(dāng)一定的句子成分.The problem is who we can get to replace her. The question is how he did it. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 4. as if常與常與look, seem, sound等連系動詞連用等連系動詞連用.She looks as if she would cry.5.在一些表示在一些表示“建議，勸說，命令建議，

16、勸說，命令”的名的名詞后的表語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣詞后的表語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.編輯編輯ppt1.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 2.A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B.

17、which C. that D. where 3.Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C. such D. so 4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. howCABB編輯編輯ppt5.I think Father would like to know_ Ive been up

18、 to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. how 6.The road is covered with snow. I cant understand_ they insist on going by motorbike. A.why B.whether C.when D.how 7.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever

19、 I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 8.People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see_ he will do. A. how B. that C. when D. whatCAAD編輯編輯ppt9.-I think its going to be a big problem. -Yes, it could be. -I wonder _ we can do about it. A. if B. how

20、 C. what D. that 10.Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats _ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 11.I really dont know _ I had this photo taken . A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was whyCAA編輯編輯ppt12.Never take _for granted that I will help you.

21、 Better depend on yourself. A. that B. it C. which D. this 13.It looks _he is unhappy today. A. that B. if C. as if D. whether 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do_ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 15.The old woman was shocked by _ had happened to her daughter

22、. A. whom B. which C. that D. whatBCAD編輯編輯ppt主語從句通常放在主句謂語動詞之前主語從句通常放在主句謂語動詞之前,如如Who will win the game is unknown.1.it作形式主語的四個主要句型作形式主語的四個主要句型1)It + be+名詞詞組名詞詞組(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.) + that從句從句Its a pity that we cant go . Its no surprise that our team should ha

23、ve won the game. 或由形式主語或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。代替，而本身放在句子末尾。編輯編輯ppt2)It +be +形容詞形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+ that從句從句It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything.3)It + be+ 過去分詞

24、過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc .)+ that從句從句It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.編輯編輯ppt4) It +不及物動詞不及物動詞(seem, happen等等) +that從句從句It seemed that Alice is not coming

25、to the party at all. It happened that I was out that day.2.主語從句的主謂一致主語從句的主謂一致主語從句多表示單一概念主語從句多表示單一概念,因此主句謂因此主句謂語動詞多用單數(shù)語動詞多用單數(shù).what 引導(dǎo)的從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)的從句根據(jù)表達的含義來確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)表達的含義來確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).When and where well go isnt decided. What we need are books/ is water.編輯編輯ppt3.What與與that的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別what在從句中作主語、賓語、表在從句中作主語、

26、賓語、表語語,而而that則不作句子成分則不作句子成分.What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is good news. 4.Whether和和if的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別1)通常通常,引導(dǎo)主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句,表語從句表語從句,同位語同位語從句用從句用whether不用不用ifIt doesnt matter whether she will come or not. The problem is whether she will have enough time.編輯編輯ppt2)正式文體中，與正式文體中，與or n

27、ot連用時，用連用時，用whether.I wonder whether it is big enough or not.注意，在口語中注意，在口語中“ifor not”可接受，但連可接受，但連寫的寫的“if or not”總是錯誤的?？偸清e誤的。3)做介詞的賓語時用做介詞的賓語時用whether.I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.4)與不定式連用只能用與不定式連用只能用whether.She hasnt decided whether to go or not.編輯編輯ppt1.After Yang Liwei

28、 succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 2.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 3._ made the school proud was_ more than 90% o

29、f the students had been admitted to key university. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That.; becauseBBB編輯編輯ppt4.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. how D. what 5._ we cant get seems better than _ we have

30、. A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what 6.-What do you think of China? -_ different life is today from_ it used to be. How,what B.What, what C.How, that D.What, that 7._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 8._ I was free that evening. It happ

31、ened to B. It happened that C. That happened D. It was happened thatDAACB編輯編輯ppt9.It was true _ Alice did surprise her mother. A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that 10.Its not yet clear _ of those will be chosen to do the job. A.that B.whom C.which D.whose 11._ in the newspaper that the Japane

32、se minister will arrive next Monday. A.It says B.It is said C.It has said D.He is said 12._ we have seen is quite different from _ we have heard. A.That, that B.What, that C.That, what D.What, what 13._ I have will be yours sooner or later. A.No matter what B.No matter whatever C.WhateverD.That 14._

33、 was a well-known fact. A. That their team was weak B. That their team being weak. C. Their team was weak D. If their team was weakCCBDCA編輯編輯ppt用主語從句用主語從句 完成句子完成句子.1._(她贏了這場比賽她贏了這場比賽) made us very happy. 2. _(所需要的所需要的) is careful preparation. 3._(她是否來她是否來)doesnt matter too much. 4.That he will succe

34、ed is certain.(用用it句型改寫句型改寫) _ 5.Why he did this is not known. (用用it句型改寫句型改寫) _ That she won the gameWhat is neededWhether she is coming or not It is certain that he will succeed. It is not known why he did this. 編輯編輯ppt同位語從句一般用同位語從句一般用whether，that等詞引導(dǎo)，等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換常放在名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之

35、，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為言之，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系。同一關(guān)系。1.同位語從句的先行詞多為同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, belief, hope, message, doubt, truth, information, theory, plan等等, 關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that.Where did you get the idea that I could not come? They were all very much worried over

36、the fact that you were sick.編輯編輯ppt2.同位語從句意義完整同位語從句意義完整, 應(yīng)用應(yīng)用that;意義不完整需增加意義不完整需增加“是否是否”的含義的含義,應(yīng)用應(yīng)用whether；需要增加；需要增加“什么時候什么時候”、“什么地點什么地點”、“什么方式什么方式”等含義，應(yīng)用等含義，應(yīng)用when，where，how等詞。等詞。I have no idea whether hell come or not. The question who should do the work requires consideration.3.表示表示“建議、命令、要求建議、命令

37、、要求”的名詞所跟的的名詞所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣（同位語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形，動詞原形，should可省略）可省略）This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.編輯編輯ppt1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別句法功句法功能上能上意義上意義上that引導(dǎo)

38、的同位引導(dǎo)的同位語從句語從句that引導(dǎo)的定引導(dǎo)的定語從句語從句只起連接從句的只起連接從句的作用作用,無意義無意義,在在從句中從句中不充當(dāng)句不充當(dāng)句子成分子成分,不可省略不可省略替代先行詞在從替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接句中不僅起連接作用作用,還還充當(dāng)句子充當(dāng)句子成分成分.若在從句中若在從句中作賓語可省略作賓語可省略.從句是對名詞從句是對名詞內(nèi)容的解釋說內(nèi)容的解釋說明明從句起修飾限從句起修飾限定作用定作用,是定語是定語名詞性從句中易錯易混現(xiàn)象名詞性從句中易錯易混現(xiàn)象編輯編輯pptThe news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is tr

39、ue.The news that he told me yesterday is true.同位語從句同位語從句, that不可省略不可省略定語從句定語從句,that在從句中作在從句中作told的賓語的賓語,可省略可省略編輯編輯ppt填上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞1.I have no idea _ he will be back. 2.We heard the news _ our team had won. 3.There arose the question _ we could get the loan 4. The suggestion _ the plan (should) be

40、 delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 5. Have you heard the news _ Mary will be back soon? whenthatwherethatthat編輯編輯ppt 2 名詞性從句用陳述句語序。 When we will leave here is uncertain. 3 who, whom,which, what等與whoever, whomever,whichever,whatever的區(qū)別 Who will take the position is under discussion.( who意為“誰”帶有疑問色彩) Whoever takes the position should be responsible for our company.(whoever意為“任何人”相當(dāng)于 anyone who. He wants whatever (anything that）I have.編輯編輯ppt 4 because, why 引導(dǎo)表語從句 That was because he didnt work hard. That was why I asked three days leave. 不能說The reason