解讀設(shè)計的人性化成為評價設(shè)計優(yōu)劣的最佳標準

1、解讀設(shè)計的人性化成為評價設(shè)計優(yōu)劣的最佳標準Read the humanized design the best standard of design quality evaluation人性化設(shè)計是以人為中心和尺度的,滿足人的生理和心理需要、物質(zhì)和精神需要。營造舒適、高雅的居住空間,使人們享受空間的使用趣味和快感。人性得以充分的釋放與滿足。人的心理更加健康、情感更加豐富、人性更加完善,達到人物和諧。從而真正實現(xiàn)科技以人為本的目的。Humanized design is people-centered and scale, to meet peoples physiological and ps

2、ychological needs, material and spiritual needs. Create a comfortable, elegant living space, make people enjoy the space use of fun and pleasure. Humanity was able to fully release and satisfaction. The persons psychology healthy, feeling more rich, human nature to be more perfect, achieve harmony.

3、So as to achieve the purpose of people-oriented science and technology.現(xiàn)代設(shè)計其實已經(jīng)滲入到社會的每一個環(huán)節(jié)與人們生活的方方面面。而今,倡導(dǎo)“人性化”,已經(jīng)被作為現(xiàn)代設(shè)計理念融入到人們的生活之中。無論是衣食住行,還是精神享受,都提出了“人性化”的設(shè)計要求。在設(shè)計行業(yè)隨著世界經(jīng)濟蓬勃發(fā)展的今天,“人性化”的設(shè)計觀念早已經(jīng)深入到設(shè)計的各個領(lǐng)域,無論是建筑、紡織、服裝還是機械,都在追求著對于“人性化”的表現(xiàn),現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品設(shè)計縱然也不例外,設(shè)計的人性化已經(jīng)成為設(shè)計的一個基本出發(fā)點,成為評價設(shè)計優(yōu)劣的最佳標準。Modern design

4、 has penetrated into every aspect of society and every aspect of peoples life. Today, advocating human nature, as a modern design concept has been integrated into peoples life. Both in food and clothing live line, and spirit to enjoy, put forward the humanization design requirements. In design indus

5、try with the world economy booming today, the design idea of the human nature is changed has already deep into all sorts of design, construction, textile, garment or machinery, are in pursuit for human, though the modern product design is no exception, design of human nature design has become one of

6、 the basic starting point, the best standard of design quality evaluation.一、人性化設(shè)計以滿足人的需求為目的One, the humanized design to meet the needs of the people for the purpose人性化設(shè)計要求設(shè)計要尊重人的價值,要首先以滿足人的需求為目的。人的需求是多方面的,在基本物質(zhì)生活滿足以后,高一級的精神需求就成為主要需求,而不管是物質(zhì)的還是精神的需求都是以將二者相統(tǒng)一的產(chǎn)品形式來體現(xiàn)的。Humanization design design should

7、respect peoples value, should first of all to meet the needs of the people, for the purpose. Mans demand is various, after the basic material life satisfied, high level of spiritual demand becomes the main demand, whether material or spiritual needs are in the form to reflect the unity of both produ

8、cts.美國心理學家馬斯洛將人的需求大致分為五個層次:生理需要、安全需要、感情需要、尊重需要、自我實現(xiàn)的需要。進一步講,產(chǎn)品的人性化設(shè)計主要從兩層面滿足人的需要,一是生理和心理層面需要的滿足,人性化的設(shè)計觀要求在“以人為本”的思路指導(dǎo)下,將設(shè)計的重點放在如何使產(chǎn)品更適合人的使用上?，F(xiàn)代人機工程學對人體生理和心理的研究已經(jīng)較為完善,設(shè)計師主要借助人機工程學來使產(chǎn)品適應(yīng)人的生理、心理特點和使用習慣,提高產(chǎn)品在使用中的便利性和宜人性。American psychologist maslows demand to roughly divided into five levels: physiologi

9、cal needs, security needs, emotional needs, esteem needs, self-fulfillment needs. Further, the humanized design of products mainly from two aspects to meet the needs of the people, is a physiological and psychological need satisfaction, humanization design concept in under the guidance of people-ori

10、ented thinking, the design focuses on how to make the product more suitable for human use. Modern ergonomics on human physiological and psychological research has relatively perfect, designer mainly by means of man-machine engineering to make products to adapt to human physiological and psychologica

11、l characteristics and habits, improve the product in the use of the convenience and agreeableness.第二個層面是審美和文化層面的需求。人性化的設(shè)計觀要求產(chǎn)品設(shè)計要從人對美的評價標準出發(fā),通過對造型、材質(zhì)、色彩等方面的合理組合,給產(chǎn)品的使用者帶來審美的愉悅。產(chǎn)品的文化價值的需求涉及到社會價值觀念、民族習俗、倫理道德等諸多方面的內(nèi)容,這就要求設(shè)計師在設(shè)計之前要通過細致的調(diào)查分析,了解目標消費者在上述范疇內(nèi)的喜惡傾向,并依靠自身敏銳的感知力對產(chǎn)品功能和形式加以預(yù)測。 The second level is

12、 the aesthetic and cultural level of demand. Humanization design concept to evaluation standards of beauty from product design, through the reasonable combination of the shape, material, color, etc, and brings to the users of products aesthetic pleasure. Cultural value of the product demand involves

13、 social values, customs, ethics, and many other aspects of content, which requires the designer to through detailed investigation and analysis before design, learn the target consumers in the realm of likes and dislikes tendency, and to rely on their keen perception on product function and form to p

14、redict them.二、人機工程學運用與人性化設(shè)計Second, man-machine engineering and humanization design現(xiàn)代工業(yè)產(chǎn)品很多都標榜自己的設(shè)計符合人機工程學原理,并以此為賣點。究竟什么樣的產(chǎn)品需要人機工程呢?在設(shè)計上又如何表現(xiàn),才能成為符合人機工程學的產(chǎn)品呢? 僅從工業(yè)設(shè)計這一范疇來看,大至宇航系統(tǒng)、城市規(guī)劃、建筑設(shè)施、自動化工廠、機械設(shè)備、交通工具,小至家具、服裝、文具以及盆、杯、碗筷之類各種生產(chǎn)與生活所創(chuàng)造的“物”,在設(shè)計和制造時都必須把“人的因素”作為一個重要的條件來考慮。若將產(chǎn)品類別區(qū)分為專業(yè)用品和一般用品的話,專業(yè)用品在人機工程上

15、則會有更多的考慮,它比較偏重于生理學的層面;而一般性產(chǎn)品則必須兼顧心理層面的問題,需要更多的符合美學及潮流的設(shè)計,也就是應(yīng)以產(chǎn)品人性化的需求為主。Design of modern industrial products many styles himself in line with the ergonomics principle, and as a selling point. Actually what kind of product need the man-machine engineering? In design and how to behave, to be in line

16、with the ergonomics of the product? Only from the point of this category of industrial design, to the space system, urban planning, building facilities, factory automation, mechanical equipment, transportation tools, as small as furniture, clothing, stationery and POTS, cups, chopsticks and so on al

17、l kinds of production and life has created the content, in the design and manufacture all must take human factors as an important condition to consider. If the product category is divided into professional supplies and general supplies, professional articles on the man-machine engineering, there wil

18、l be more consideration, it is biased towards physiology level; And general product must both psychological problem, need more in line with the aesthetics and the trend of design, should give priority to with products personalized demand.人機工程學的顯著特點是,在認真研究人、機、環(huán)境三個要素本身特性的基礎(chǔ)上,不單純著眼于個別要素的優(yōu)良與否,而是將使用“物”的人

19、和所設(shè)計的“物”以及人與“物”所共處的環(huán)境作為一個系統(tǒng)來研究。在人機工程學中將這個系統(tǒng)稱為“人機環(huán)境”系統(tǒng)。這個系統(tǒng)中,人、機、環(huán)境三個要素之間相互作用、相互依存的關(guān)系決定著系統(tǒng)總體的性能。本學科的人機系統(tǒng)設(shè)計理論,就是科學地利用三個要素間的有機聯(lián)系來尋求系統(tǒng)的最佳參數(shù)。 以美菱冰箱針對農(nóng)村市場的人性化設(shè)計為例,在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計上,美菱除了沿用防潮、防銹材料等特殊設(shè)計外,還將節(jié)能、寬電壓啟動、-10環(huán)溫下啟動等個性化功能加入到了此次特意設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品當中,讓農(nóng)村消費者感覺到“實用”。比如,針對農(nóng)村老鼠較多的問題,專門增設(shè)了防鼠裝置;針對農(nóng)村較富裕的消費者,專門設(shè)計三門冰箱;針對農(nóng)村灰塵較大的特點,在冰箱

20、門體上方增設(shè)了翻蓋;針對節(jié)省電費的需求,推出了日耗電量僅0.29度的超節(jié)能冰箱,這款產(chǎn)品三天耗電不到一度,是中標冰箱品牌中最省電的一款冰箱!Ergonomics marked characteristics is in serious human, machine and environment characteristics on the basis of the three elements itself, not just focus on the individual elements of the good or not, but will use the physical and

21、the design of things and the coexistence of man and things environment as a system to study. In ergonomics, the system is referred to as the human - machine - environment system. In this system, people, machine and environment interactions among three elements, interdependent relationship determines

22、 the overall performance of the system. The man-machine system design theory, this subject is to use the organic links between the three elements to seek the best parameters of the system. To mei ling refrigerator according to the humanized design of rural markets, for example, in product design, be

23、autiful shoes in addition to continue to use material moisture, rust and other special design, also the energy saving, wide voltage start, ring - 10 temperature under start joined the personalization features such as specially designed products, make rural consumers feel utility. Aiming at the probl

24、em of rural mice more, for example, specially added rat device; In view of the more affluent consumers in rural areas, specially designed three-door refrigerators; According to the characteristics of the rural dust is bigger, added above the refrigerator door cover; For saving electricity demand, in

25、troduced the power consumption is only 0.29 degrees of super energy saving refrigerator, once this product power consumption is less than three days, is the most power in the winning refrigerator brand fridge!除了一般的大眾消費品之外,專為特殊族群所設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品在人機工程學上也有更多的考慮。如,殘疾人用的瓷器套具,此套設(shè)計是專為殘疾人做的餐具,又不讓人直接看出它們是專為殘疾人做的。故而,設(shè)計

26、師在充分考慮了人機工程學的基礎(chǔ)上,特別處理手把的凹凸,使患者拿在手里有一種心態(tài)上的平衡感,既能看到,又能摸到,但又不那么顯眼。In addition to the general public consumer goods, especially designed for the special group of products also have more considerations on ergonomics. For example, people with disabilities use porcelain kit, this set of tableware design is

27、 designed for people with disabilities do, dont let people see that they are directly is designed for people with disabilities. So, designers on the basis of fully consider the ergonomics, especially of dealing with the hand of concave and convex, make the patient in his hand there is a state of min

28、d on the sense of balance, can not only see, can touch again, but not so conspicuous.三、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計在美學基礎(chǔ)上的人性化設(shè)計3, product design based on aesthetics of humanized design工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的審美功能要求產(chǎn)品的形象有優(yōu)美的形態(tài),給人以美的享受。設(shè)計者根據(jù)形式法則、時代特征、民族風格,通過點、線、面、空間、色彩、肌理等一系列的要素,構(gòu)成形象,產(chǎn)生審美價值。人們的審美觀在諸多因素的影響下,總是在不斷的變化的,所以工業(yè)產(chǎn)品造型設(shè)計需不斷總結(jié)經(jīng)驗,靈活地將美學法則運

29、用與人性化設(shè)計,創(chuàng)造出有特色的產(chǎn)品形象。產(chǎn)品任何一種特征內(nèi)容或含義都必須通過產(chǎn)品本身來體現(xiàn),而要體現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品的人性化,就得從產(chǎn)品的要素上著手,分析產(chǎn)品的各種形式要素。通過設(shè)計的形式要素造型、色彩、裝飾等的變化來實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品的人性化設(shè)計。Industrial products aesthetic function of product image has a graceful shape, give a person with beautiful enjoyment. Designers, according to the laws, era characteristics, national styl

30、e, the form by dot, line, face, space, color, texture and so on a series of elements, constitute the image, aesthetic value. The aesthetic view of people under the influence of many factors, is always in constant change, so the industrial product modeling design must constantly sum up experience, fl

31、exibly apply laws of aesthetics and humanized design, create a distinctive image of the product. Any kind of characteristic content products or meaning must be embodied by the product itself, and should embody human products, have to start from the elements of a product, analysis of product form ele

32、ments. Through the design elements - in the form of modelling, colour, decoration and other changes to realize humanization design of the product.1. 產(chǎn)品造型的人性化設(shè)計1. Product modeling of humanized design造型是營造主題的一個重要方面,主要通過產(chǎn)品的尺度、形狀、比例及層次關(guān)系對心理體驗的影響,讓用戶產(chǎn)生擁有感、成就感、親切感,同時還應(yīng)營造必要的環(huán)境氛圍使人產(chǎn)生夸張、含蓄、趣味、愉悅、輕松、神秘等不同的心理情

33、緒。通過產(chǎn)品造型形態(tài)體現(xiàn)一定的指示性特征,暗示人們該產(chǎn)品的使用方式、操作方式。通過造型形態(tài)相似性如裁紙刀的進退刀按鈕設(shè)計為大拇指的負形并設(shè)計有凸筋,不僅便于刀片的進退操作暗示它的使用方式,許多水果刀或切菜刀也設(shè)計為負形以指示手握的位置。通過造型的因果聯(lián)系如旋鈕的造型采用周邊側(cè)面凹凸紋槽的多少、粗細這種視覺形態(tài),以傳達出旋鈕是精細的微調(diào)還是大旋量的粗調(diào);容器利用開口的大小來暗示所盛放東西的貴重與否、用量多少和保存時間長度等。Modelling is an important aspect of construction theme, mainly through the product dime

34、nsion, shape, scale and hierarchy of the influence of psychological experience, let users have feeling, a sense of achievement, kindness, but also should create the necessary environment atmosphere, make the person produces exaggeration, implicative, fun, happy, relaxed, mystery, etc. Different psyc

35、hological feeling. Through product modelling reflect certain indicative characteristics, suggests that the way people actually use the product, mode of operation. Through modelling morphological similarity, such as paper knife cutting button design for the thumb in the negative form and have the con

36、vex rib design, not only facilitate the blade and operation hints of how it is used, many fruit knife or knife is designed for negative space to denote the position of the hand. Through formative causation such as knob shape using the peripheral side of concave and convex groove, the thickness, this

37、 visual form to convey the big knob is fine tuning or spinor rough adjustment; Container using the size of the openings to suggest that the dosage of the hold things is expensive or not, how much length and save the time and so on. 通過產(chǎn)品形態(tài)特征還能表現(xiàn)出產(chǎn)品的象征性,主要體現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品本身的檔次、性質(zhì)和趣味性等方面。通過形態(tài)語言體現(xiàn)出產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)特征、產(chǎn)品功能和內(nèi)在品

38、質(zhì),包括零件之間的過渡、表面肌理、色彩搭配等方面的關(guān)系處理,體現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)異品質(zhì)、精湛工藝。通過形態(tài)語言把握好產(chǎn)品的檔次象征,體現(xiàn)某一產(chǎn)品的等級和與眾不同,往往通過產(chǎn)品標志、常用的局部典型造型或色彩手法、材料甚至價格等來體現(xiàn),如標志“Braun”象征剃須刀無與倫比的檔次,象征物主的富有及地位但僅作為計時用的金表等。通過產(chǎn)品形態(tài)語言也能體現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品的安全象征,在電器類、機械類及手工工具類產(chǎn)品設(shè)計中具有重要意義,體現(xiàn)在使用者的生理和心理兩個方面,著名品牌、渾然飽滿、整體形態(tài)、工藝精細、色澤沉穩(wěn)都會給人以心理上的安全感,合理的尺寸、避免無意觸動的按鈕開關(guān)設(shè)計等會給人生理上的安全感。Through prod

39、uct shape characteristic also can show the symbolic products, mainly reflected in the grade of the product itself, nature and interest, etc. Through the form languages reflect the technical features of the product, product feature and inherent quality, including the transition between the parts, sur

40、face texture, colour collocation relationship of processing, products of excellent quality, exquisite craft. Through language to grasp well the grade of the product form symbol, reflects the level of a product and distinctive, often through product marks, the commonly used local typical shape or col

41、or technique, material and price, etc to reflect, such as the logo Braun symbol of the grade of the razor is unmatched, symbolizes the owners wealth and status only as timing with a gold watch, etc. Through product shape language symbol that can reflect the safety of the product, also in electrical

42、appliances, machinery and hand tools plays an important role in product design, reflected in the users physiological and psychological two aspects, famous brand, full, overall shape, exquisite workmanship, colour and lustre composed will give a person with a psychological sense of security, reasonab

43、le size, avoid accidentally touches of push button switch design, give a person physical security.2.產(chǎn)品色彩的人性化設(shè)計2. Product color of humanized design色作為產(chǎn)品的色彩外觀,不僅具備審美性和裝飾性,而且還具備符號意義和象征意義。作為視覺審美的核心,色彩深刻地影響著人們的視覺感受和情緒狀態(tài)。產(chǎn)品設(shè)計中的色彩暗示人們的使用方式和提醒人們的注意,如傳統(tǒng)照相機大多以黑色為外殼表面,顯示其不透光性,同時提醒人們注意避光,并給人以專業(yè)的精密嚴謹感,而現(xiàn)代數(shù)碼相機則以銀

44、色、灰色以及更多鮮明的色彩系列作為產(chǎn)品的色彩呈現(xiàn)。色彩設(shè)計應(yīng)依據(jù)產(chǎn)品表達的主題,體現(xiàn)其訴求。而對色彩的感受還受到所處時代、社會、文化、地區(qū)及生活方式、習俗的影響,反映著追求時代潮流的傾向,如“干燥椅”,她的結(jié)構(gòu)很簡單,但是給人一種十分新穎的感覺,原因是他采用多種色彩的苯胺或油漆自然上色,或是進行拋光處理,色彩非常的豐富,十分的大膽和有創(chuàng)意思,取得了料想不到的效果.原因是她的色彩和普通的椅子的不一樣,十分適合那些追求個性化需求的消費者的需求。Color as the color of the product appearance, not only has the aesthetic and d

45、ecorative, but also has symbolic significance and symbolic significance. At the core of visual aesthetics, color profoundly affects peoples visual perception and emotional state. Suggests that the way people actually use the colour in the product design and remind peoples attention, such as traditio

46、nal camera in black for shell surface, mostly showed its opaque, remind people to pay attention to avoid the light at the same time, and give a person with professional precision rigour, and modern digital cameras with silver, gray, and more vibrant colors series as the color of the product. Express

47、 the theme of the color design should be based on the product, reflect their demands. For color feeling is time, society, culture, region and way of life, customs, reflects the tendency to pursue the trend of The Times, such as dry chair, her structure is very simple, but give a person a kind of ver

48、y fresh feeling, reason is that he USES the many kinds of color of natural colored, aniline or paint or polishing processing, the color is very rich, very bold and have a meaning, unexpected results have been achieved. Because of her color is different from that of ordinary chair, very suitable for

49、those who pursue the personalized needs of consumers demand.3.產(chǎn)品材質(zhì)的人性化設(shè)計3. The humanized design of products material人對材質(zhì)的知覺心理過程是不可否認的,而質(zhì)感本身又是一種藝術(shù)形式。如果產(chǎn)品的空間形態(tài)是感人的,那么利用良好的材質(zhì)與色彩可以使產(chǎn)品設(shè)計以最簡約的方式充滿藝術(shù)性。材料的質(zhì)感肌理是通過表面特征給人以視覺和觸覺感受以及心理聯(lián)想及象征意義。產(chǎn)品形態(tài)中的肌理因素能夠暗示使用方式或起警示作用。人們早就發(fā)現(xiàn)手指尖上的指紋使把手的接觸面變成了細線狀的突起物,從而提高了手的敏感度并增加了

50、把持物體的摩擦力,這使產(chǎn)品尤其是手工工具的把手獲得有效的利用并作為手指用力和把持處的暗示。通過選擇合適的造型材料來增加感性、浪漫成分,使產(chǎn)品與人的互動性更強。在選擇材料時不僅用材料的強度、耐磨性等物理量來作評定,而且考慮材料與人的情感關(guān)系遠近作為重要評價尺度。不同的質(zhì)感肌理能給人不同的心理感受,如玻璃、鋼材可以表達產(chǎn)品的科技氣息,木材、竹材可以表達自然、古樸、人情意味等。材料質(zhì)感和肌理的性能特征將直接影響到材料用于所制產(chǎn)品后最終的視覺效果。Peoples perception of material psychological process is undeniable, and the te

51、xture itself is an art form. If the product space form is moving, then use the good material and colour can make the product design in the most simple way is full of artistic quality. The simple sense of material texture is through surface features give a person with vision and touch feeling and psy

52、chological associations and symbolic meanings. Product texture factors can suggest using way in form or play a warning role. People found the fingerprints on the fingertips to handle early contact into a fine linear projection, thus improve the sensitivity of the hand and an increase in the friction holding objects, which make the products especially handles for effective use of hand tools and serves as a finger force and holding the hint. By choosing the appropriate model