高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)資料高考英語常考語法

1、高中階段的英語學(xué)習(xí)，其實(shí)就是學(xué)語法、記單詞和研究并熟練題型。其中，語法是大多數(shù)同學(xué)最頭疼的問題，原因在于其內(nèi)容之繁雜和零散，因此，將高中英語所有語法專題總結(jié)在一起，供大家系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)。一、高中英語語法有哪些基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞叫數(shù)詞。1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成：1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,seventeen, eighteen, nineteen;20-90 twenty, thir

2、ty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety; 100100 a/one hundred;1,000 a/one thousand;1,000,000 a/one million;1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million2. 基數(shù)詞的用法1)作主語：Three will be enough for us.三個(gè)對我們來說就足夠了。Two of the girls are from Tokyo.這些姑娘中有兩位來自東京。2)作賓語：Four people applied for t

3、his job, but we only need one.四個(gè)人申請這工作，但我們僅需一人。3)作表語：The population of China is over 1.3 billion.中國有十三億多人口。Im twenty while my brother is sixteen.我二十歲，我弟弟十六歲。4)作定語：We have 300 workers in our company.我們公司有三百名員工。Forty students were involved in the interview. 四十名學(xué)生參加了這次采訪。5)作同位語：You two clean these seat

4、s.你們兩個(gè)打掃這些位子。Have you got tickets for us three?有我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人的票嗎?序數(shù)詞表示順序或等級。1. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成：1-10： first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th；11-19： eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th;

5、seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th；20-90： twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th；100：100 hundredth；1,000 thousandth；1,000,000 millionth；1,000,000,000 billionth2、序數(shù)詞的用法1）作主語：The second is what I really

6、 need.第二個(gè)是我真正需要的。The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.第一個(gè)瓶已滿，但第二個(gè)還空著。2）作賓語：I got a third in biology.我生物得到了第三名。Do you prefer the first or the second?第一個(gè)和第二個(gè)你更喜歡哪一個(gè)呢？3）作表語：I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you.我將是第一個(gè)支持你的人，也是最不會(huì)反對你的人。Columbus was the first who

7、discovered America.哥倫布是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的人。4）作定語：Ill try a second time and see if I can do it.我還要試一次，看看我能否做得了。Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and youll get there.在第一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)彎處向右轉(zhuǎn)，然后在第二個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)彎處向左轉(zhuǎn)就到了。5）作狀語：He came second in the race.他在賽跑中得了第二名。It was a snowy day when we first met.我們

8、初次見面時(shí)是一個(gè)下雪的日子。3、 序數(shù)詞前冠詞的使用1） 明確指明了先后順序或一系列事物按一定的規(guī)律排列時(shí)，序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。This is the second time that I have been in London.這是我第二次來倫敦。Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.阿爾瓦市懷特家的第五個(gè)孩子。2） 表示“又一、再一”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序時(shí)，序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞。You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?今天你已經(jīng)買了四個(gè)玩具了，為什么還想再買一個(gè)呢？I

9、failed again, but I will try a third time.我又失敗了，可是我要再試一次。3） 序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格或其他修飾語時(shí)不用任何冠詞。My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.我五歲前是和祖父母一塊度過的。Mrs. Blacks second child is a genius.布萊克夫人的第二個(gè)孩子是個(gè)天才。4） 序數(shù)詞與名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞時(shí)，冠詞由被修飾詞而定。此時(shí)序數(shù)詞是復(fù)合形容詞的一部分而不是獨(dú)立的，前面的冠詞完全由這個(gè)形容詞所修飾的名詞而定。Thi

10、s MPV car is a second-hand one.這輛商務(wù)車是二手的。Habit is second nature.習(xí)慣是第二天性。5） 序數(shù)詞還可作副詞，此時(shí)不用任何冠詞。First I am short of money; second I havent enough time.首先我缺錢，其次我沒有足夠的時(shí)間。6） 序數(shù)詞用在表示“每隔”的every 后，其前不用冠詞。every second day 每隔一天every fifth day 每隔四天every second line 每隔一行7） 某些固定搭配中序數(shù)詞前不用冠詞。first of all 首先at first

11、 起初at first sight 乍一看，第一數(shù)詞的用法1. 分?jǐn)?shù)：表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子須用基數(shù)詞，分母須用序數(shù)詞。（分子是1以上的任何數(shù)時(shí)，作分母的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。）1） 真分?jǐn)?shù)通常用英語單詞表達(dá)。one-fourth 四分之一two-fifths 五分之二a quarter 四分之一2） 分子和分母的數(shù)目較大時(shí)，兩者都用基數(shù)詞，之間用over/by/out of/in 連接。Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.二十個(gè)學(xué)生中有七個(gè)通過了飛行測試。3） 帶分?jǐn)?shù)：“整數(shù)+ and + 分

12、數(shù)部分”。Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.周末期間的降雨量達(dá)二又四分之一英寸。2. 小數(shù)：小數(shù)總是用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表達(dá)。小數(shù)點(diǎn)后不論有多少位都不能用逗號(hào)分開，但小數(shù)點(diǎn)之前的數(shù)依然按照三位一個(gè)逗號(hào)的原則書寫。0.786432 120,372.428注意：小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的數(shù)按普通基數(shù)詞的讀法讀，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后的數(shù)每一位都要單獨(dú)讀。15.503 讀作fifteen point five zero three0.05 讀作zero point zero five3. 百分?jǐn)?shù)：百分?jǐn)?shù)中的數(shù)目用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，后接percent或百分號(hào)（%），在專

13、業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)或表格中常用%代替percent，在句首時(shí)則用英語單詞書寫。I have invested 40 percent of my income.我把40%的收入用作投資了。Farmers income has increased by 30%.農(nóng)民的收入已經(jīng)增加了30%。4、 倍數(shù)：表示倍數(shù)時(shí)，一倍用once，兩倍 用twice/double，三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞+ times”。1）“倍數(shù) + as many/much as ”My deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as I.我同桌聲稱他的郵票是我的兩倍。This computer c

14、osts three times as much as that one.這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的價(jià)格是那臺(tái)的三倍。2）“倍數(shù) + the size of ”用法與size相同的名詞常見的有weight（重量），height（高度），depth（深度），width（寬度），age（年齡），length（長度）等。Our playground is five times the size of theirs.我們的操場是他們的五倍大。This street is twice/double the width of that one.這條大街是那條大街的兩倍寬。3）“倍數(shù) + what從句”The value

15、 of the house is double what it was.這所房子的價(jià)值是原來的兩倍。Peoples average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.人們的平均收入是十年前的五倍。4）“倍數(shù) + 比較級 + than”The room is twice larger than ours.這間房子比我們的房子大兩倍。This ball seats three times more people than that one.這個(gè)大廳能坐的人數(shù)是那個(gè)大廳的四倍。5）“比較級 + than + by +

16、 倍數(shù)/程度”The line is longer than that one by twice.這根線是那根線的兩倍長。The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.中國人口是美國人口的六倍多。5、四則運(yùn)算：1）加法：在口語中，小數(shù)目的加法常用and代表“+”，is 或 are 代表“=”。在正式的場合或較大數(shù)目的加法用plus代表“+”，equals或is 代表“=”。7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve

17、 equals/is twenty-five.2) 減法：在口語中，小數(shù)目的減法用“Take away + 減數(shù) + from + 被減數(shù) + and you get + 余數(shù)”“減數(shù) + from + 被減數(shù) + leaves/is + 余數(shù)”在正式的場合或較大數(shù)目的減法用minus 代表“”，equals 代表“=”。12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.3) 乘

18、法：在口語中，小數(shù)目的乘法的乘數(shù)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，用are 代表“=”。大數(shù)目的乘法用times代表“×”，is/makes 代表“=”。在正式的場合下用multiplied by 代表“×”，equals 代表“=”。4×5=20 Four fives are twenty326×238=77588Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.Three

19、hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.4) 除法：小數(shù)目的除法：用divided by 代表“÷”，equals 代表“=”?！氨怀龜?shù) + divided by + 除數(shù) + equals + 商”；“除數(shù) + into + 被除數(shù) + goes + 商”32÷4=8 Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.Four int

20、o thirty-two goes eight.大數(shù)目的除法：用divided by 代表“÷”，equals 代表“=”。216÷8=27Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven.6、比率：一般來說表示比率都用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字（包括句首的情況），但在非專業(yè)性的文字中，也可用英語單詞的形式。The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.七比四寫作7:4或7/4。You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.你成功的機(jī)會(huì)只有

21、一半。7、編號(hào)：用基數(shù)詞時(shí) 名詞 + 基數(shù)詞 World War /Page 8/Room 109用序數(shù)詞時(shí) the + 序數(shù)詞 + 名詞 the First World War8、年代與幾十幾歲：通常是逢十的基數(shù)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示年代的數(shù)詞前用定冠詞 in the 90s；表示歲數(shù)的數(shù)詞前用形容詞用物主代詞 in ones twenties9、約數(shù)：1）表示“大約”可以用about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less，用or so 表示“左右、大約”置于數(shù)詞之后。The man in rags is about/some sixty

22、 years old.The man in rags is sixty years old or so.那個(gè)衣衫襤褸的男子大約有六十歲/六十歲左右。Peter is something like thirty.皮特大約有三十歲。2）“多于、超過”用more/than/over/above；“少于、不超過”用less than。She was more than/less than forty when she got married.她結(jié)婚時(shí)有四十多歲/不到四十歲。3）其他半天（小時(shí)）half a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour一個(gè)半 a day and a half=one and a half days兩天半 two days and a half=two and a half days一兩天one or two days=a day or two兩三天/周/個(gè)蘋果 a couple of days/weeks/apples三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and ov