句子成分與結(jié)構(gòu)

1、Different parts of a senten ce(英語句子成分結(jié)構(gòu))A sentence can be divided into different parts. Here is a brief overview of the different sentence elements.Sentence elementMeaningExampleSubjectA subject can be a noun phrase or a pronoun. In an active sentence, it shows who or what does the action. In a pass

2、ive sentence, it shows who or what is affected by the action.You worry too much at times.A year is divided into 12 different star signs.PredicateA predicate consists of the verb and other elements which describe the subject.You like to dream about everything.PredicativeA predicative can be an adject

3、ive phrase or a noun phrase that comes after the linking verb.You are strong.The music sounds beautiful.Kitty is a student.Object (direct or indirect)A direct object can be a noun phrase or a pronoun. It refers to a person or thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb.You enjoy life.Y

4、ou have many friends.Can you hear me?Can you len me your dictionary?An indirect object refers to a person or a group of people that the action of the verb is done to or for.She is showing me an artice.He bought his friends nice gifts.Object complementAn object complement can be an adjective phrase o

5、r a noun phrase that relates to and describes the object of a sentence.This problem made me very unhappy.We call the baby panda Xi Wang.AttributiveAn attributive can be a noun phrase or an adjective phrase that usually comes before a noun and describes it.Millie is reading the school newsletter.You

6、are a hard-working person.AdverbialAn adverbial can be an adverb phrase, a prepositional phrase or a noun phrase. It gives us extra information, for example, how, when or where the action happens.You do not give up easily.You are selfish at times.He wanted to get home.句子是按一定語法規(guī)則組成，能表達(dá)一個比較完整的意思，并有一定語

7、調(diào)的相對完整而獨(dú)立的語言單位。（1） 句子的歸類句子按使用目的分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。從結(jié)構(gòu)上又可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。（2） 句子的成分構(gòu)成句子的基本單位稱為句子成分。根據(jù)它們在句子中的不同作用分為主語、謂語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)語、定語和狀語等七種。主語（subject）是句子所論述的主題，也可以說是謂語的陳述對象。主語通常由名詞（或名詞短語）、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動詞-ing形式、“無人稱”it以及名詞性從句充當(dāng)。Betty likes her new bike.To learn a foreign language is not easy.謂語（predicate）由動詞構(gòu)

8、成，說明主語的行為動作或所處的狀態(tài)。謂語有簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語之分。a. 簡單謂語由動詞或動詞詞組構(gòu)成。They arrived yesterday.He turned off the light just now.b.復(fù)合謂語,由“情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞”或由“連系動詞+表語”構(gòu)成。We must study English hard.They have lived here for twenty years.賓語（object）是及物動詞或及物動詞短語的接受者，也可用于介詞之后構(gòu)成介詞短語。 賓語有直接賓語（direct object）和間接賓語（indirect object）之分。Tom

9、 bought a story-book.I saw him yesterday.He gave me some ink.Our teacher told us an interesting story.表語（predicative）說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或身份，與連系動詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。表語通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞或從句充當(dāng)。Her sister is a nurse.It's me.We were at home last night.His cup is broken.This is why she often cries.補(bǔ)語（compl

10、ement）表示主語或賓語的身份、特征或與主語或賓語相同的概念。補(bǔ)語有主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之分。a. 賓語補(bǔ)足語We elected him monitor.The teacher thought the girl rather clever.b. 主語補(bǔ)足語將上面兩個主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳浜?，賓語補(bǔ)足語就變成了主語補(bǔ)足語。He was elected monitor (by us).The girl was thought rather clever (by the teacher)定語（attribute）是描述名詞、代詞的修飾語，常和名詞一起構(gòu)成名詞短語。定語有前置定語（多為單詞形式）和后置

11、定語（多為副詞、短語或從句）之分。This is a green jeep.Are these students your classmates?I have something to tell you.狀語（adverbial）是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或句子的成分；有時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、方式狀語、比較狀語、程度狀語、目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語和頻率狀語等。You are quite right.She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.He stopped to have a look.We'll set out if

12、it is fine tomorrow.(3) 簡單句的五種基本句型主語+連系動詞+表語（S+V+P）The bike is new.The map is on the wall.主語+不及物動詞（S+V）He swims.主語+及物動詞+ 賓語（S+V+O）Children often sing this song.主語+及物動詞+ 間接賓語+直接賓語（S+V+IO+DO）She showed her friends all her pictures.主語+及物動詞+ 賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（S+V+O+C）We keep our classroom clean and tidy.英語句子成分和英

13、語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí) 1. 主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east （名詞）     He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)   Seeing is believing. （動名詞）To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is rou

14、nd and tall like a tree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）(一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 謂語（pre

15、dicate）：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。We study English.         He is asleep.(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I don't like the picture on the wall.  A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C

16、. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?  A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?  A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表語（predicativ

17、e）：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher.  （名詞）      Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞）    He is asleep.  （形容詞）His father is in.（副詞）        The picture is on the wall.   (介詞短語)

18、My watch is gone / missing / lost.  （形容詞化的分詞）The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）（常見的系動詞有: be, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）, feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）, taste（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺）It sounds a good idea.              The soun

19、d sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.            Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.          The food tastes good.The door remains open.         

20、    Now I feel tired. (三) 挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired.   Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow.       Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.4. 賓語：1）動賓表示行為的對

21、象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。如：I like China. （名詞）    He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式）    Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake?  &

22、#160;     Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.       Give the poor man some money.(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attent

23、ion to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?5. 賓補(bǔ)：對賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。We elected him monitor.  （名詞）   We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名詞）We will make them happy. （形容詞） We fo

24、und nobody in. ( 副詞 )Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）(五) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the rea

25、ding-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend.

26、（代詞）We belong to the third world.（數(shù)詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）I have an idea

27、to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）(六) 挑出下列句中的定語 They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv.,

28、or 句子。表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow.       The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.      He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he

29、failed in the exam.    I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.          He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well. (七) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her