中考英語總復習第二部分語法專題突破篇專題15復合句

1、專題十五復合句,貴陽中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢賓語從句為中考的必考點。單項選擇題對賓語從句的考查側重其語序、時態(tài)。主要表現(xiàn)在三方面：語序正確，但引導詞和時態(tài)不同；引導詞相同，但語序和時態(tài)不同；時態(tài)一致，但引導詞和語序不同。定語從句主要在單項選擇題中出現(xiàn)，都是考的先行詞。狀語從句在單項選擇題中也會出現(xiàn)。 另外，復合句是豐富語言的重要基礎，在中考中其他題型中也會頻繁出現(xiàn)，特別是閱讀理解和書面表達。所以，復合句的復習是中考總復習的一個重點。,貴陽中考重難點突破復合句賓語從句陳述句作賓語從句一般疑問句作賓語從句特殊疑問句作賓語從句定語從句先行詞關系詞狀語從句時間狀語從句地點狀語從句原因狀語從句結果狀語從句目的

2、狀語從句條件狀語從句1賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句，中考主要考查的知識點有三個：引導詞、語序和時態(tài)(1)賓語從句的引導詞賓語從句的引導詞有三種：that；whether/if；特殊疑問詞what/when/where/who等。that引導的賓語從句：that引導的賓語從句一般都是由陳述句充當，引導詞that沒有實際意義，不在從句中作任何成分， that可以省略，而且從句成分齊全，句意完整。如：She said(that) her mother was a teacher.whether或if引導的賓語從句：if，whether引導的賓語從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的，變

3、成從句后，語序由原來的倒裝語序變成陳述語序。如：Let me know whether/if you can come to the party.I dont care whether you like the story or not.【注意】以下情況一般只用whether不用if。a接帶to的動詞不定式。She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo.b與or not連用時。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time.疑問詞引導的賓語從句：此類賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，變成賓語從句后要用陳述語序，由疑問詞

4、引導。包括who，whom，whose，what，which，where，when，how，why等。這些引導詞有各自的意思，在從句中要作相應的成分，不能省略。如： Could you tell me what time it is now?He didnt know how old the man was.(2)賓語從句的三個注意事項語序：賓語從句要用陳述語序，注意相應的助動詞和動詞的變化等。如：How old is the man? He wants to know how old the man is.時態(tài)：如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句根據(jù)實際情況用各種時態(tài)。He says he wi

5、ll go to Beijing in a week.He says he has been to Beijing.如果主句是一般過去時，賓語從句用相應的過去時態(tài)。The boy said he was watching TV at that time.The boy said that he had already been to Beijing.如果賓語從句是表示客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時，用一般現(xiàn)在時。Our teacher told us the earth runs around the sun.否定轉移：主句中謂語動詞為think、believe，從句的否定要轉移到主句中，其反意疑問句

6、與從句一致。如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute.I dont believe he did this，didnt he?2定語從句用從句作定語的句子叫定語從句。定語從句一般放在它所修飾名詞或代詞的后面，這個名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的連接詞稱為關系代詞或者關系副詞。關系代詞在從句中代表先行詞可以作主語、賓語、定語等。關系副詞代表先行詞在從句中可以作狀語。(1)what不能引導定語從句。(2)關系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。一是：當先行詞是人，指人的關系代詞有who，whose，whom，that。如：The old man

7、who/whom/that we met yesterday is a famous scientist.She knows the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.The man with whom my father talked just now is the headmaster.(The man who/whom that my father talked with just now is our headmaster.)二是：當先行詞是物，指物的關系代詞有which、whose(of which)、that。如：(1)I like

8、the movie which/that was directed by Feng Xiaogang.(2)The machines(which/that) we made last year were very good.(3)This is the city in which we have lived for 30 years.(This is the city which/that we have lived in for 30 years.)(4)I live in the room whose windows are very big.(I live in the room，the

9、 windows of which are very big.)【注意】指物時，下列情況只能用that，不宜用which。先行詞為不定代詞，如All，much，anything，everything，nothing，something，none，the one等。如：We are willing to do anything that is good to us.I have told them all(that) I know.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。The first book that I read was an English novel.先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。

10、This is the most exciting movie that I have ever seen.如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語從句的關系代詞，只能用that。如：We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.如果先行詞被the only，the very，the last，the same，any, few ，little，no, all ，one of, just修飾時。如：This is the only book that

11、can be lent to you.3狀語從句用作狀語的句子叫狀語從句。引導狀語從句的連接詞是從屬連詞。狀語從句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根據(jù)其用途可分為：時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、條件狀語從句，比較狀語從句等。(1)時間狀語從句：時間狀語從句表示時間，常用連接詞有：when(當時)，while(當時)，as(當時)，before(在之前)，after(在之后)，since(自從)，until(直到), as soon as(一就)，once(一旦就)等。如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homewor

12、k.I can listen to the radio while I work.【注意】 時間狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。如：I will telephone you when he comes.Ill stay here until you come back. when引導時間狀語從句，表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時或先后發(fā)生，從句的謂語可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是瞬間動詞。如：He was working when I went in.When she heard the news，she began to cry.while引導的狀語從句中常用延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞，

13、意思是“在期間”。如：They rushed in while we were singing.我們唱歌時，他們沖進來。as引導狀語從句，強調同時發(fā)生，不分先后?？梢宰g成“隨著”或“一邊一邊”。John sings as he walks home. while還可以表示兩者之間的對比關系。如：I like playing football，while Tom likes listening to music. since引導狀語從句，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句常用一般過去時。如：We have been friends since we met in Beijing.It has been s

14、ix years since she left school.(2)地點狀語從句：地點狀語從句表示地點。其連接詞有where(哪里)，wherever(無論哪里)等。如：Put it where you find it.You can sit wherever you like.(3)原因狀語從句：原因狀語從句表示原因或者理由。其連接詞有：because(因為)，as(因為)，since(既然)等。如：I often eat carrots because they are good for my health.As I dont know the way，I had to ask the p

15、oliceman.【注意】 because表示因果關系語氣最強，常用來回答why提出的問題。I didnt tell them because they were too young. because和so不能同在一個句子里。Because the book was expensive，I didnt buy it.(I 前不用so)(4)結果狀語從句：表示結果。其連接詞有：sothat(如此以致)，so that(結果)，suchthat(如此以致)等。如：Its such a good chance that you cant miss it.The chance is so good t

16、hat you cant miss it.如果名詞前由many、much、few、little(少)等詞修飾，則用so。如： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.sothatHe runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.Dr.Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him.(5)目的狀語從句：表示目的。其連接詞有：so(以便)，so that(為了)，in order that(為了)等，從句中多用情態(tài)動

17、詞can，will，may，should 等。如：He got up very early so that he could catch the first train.(6)條件狀語從句：條件狀語從句表示條件。其連接詞有：if(如果)，unless(如果不；除非)，as long as(只要)等。如：If it is fine tomorrow，we will go swimming.【注意】條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。unless意思相當于ifnot。如：Unless it rains，the game will be played.(7)讓步狀語從句：常由though/

18、although(雖然)，even if/though(即使)等引導。如：Though its hard work，I enjoy it.,貴陽中考題例及解析單項選擇根據(jù)語境或句意，選擇可填入句子的最佳選項。( )1.(2017貴陽中考)Xiao Ming，youll be late for school _ you hurry up.AafterBthoughCunless【解析】答案為C本句為unless引導的條件狀語從句。主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。( )2.(2016貴陽中考)My father is the person _ influenced me most in my

19、childhood.Awho Bwhen Cwhich【解析】答案為A此題為定語從句考查題，先行詞person為人，所以定從引導詞用who。( )3.(2015貴陽中考)Excuse me，could you tell me _？OK.Its on Main Street.Awhere was the supermarketBwhere is the supermarketCwhere the supermarket is 【解析】答案為C此題考查點為賓語從句，根據(jù)選項，重在考查賓語從句的“陳述句”語序，故選C。( )4.Andy is _ generous that he donated _

20、 he had to the charity.Aso；that Bsuch；that Cso；what【解析】答案為Csuch為形容詞，修飾名詞，so是副詞，修飾形容詞、副詞what與后面的he had構成名詞意義“他所有”，故根據(jù)句意選C。,考點搶測單項選擇( A )1.Do you remember _ he came?Yes，I do.He came by car.Ahow Bwhen Cthat ( C )2.You can go out _ you promise to be back before 12 oclock.Aso that Bas far as Cas long as ( A )3.He lived in Paris for three months，during _ time he learned some French.Awhich Bthat Cit ( A )4.Sometimes the