譯林牛津模塊五語法教學活動單（學生版）

1、非謂語動詞講練（一）非謂語動詞的句法功能：充當除謂語動詞以外的各種句子成分成分類別主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補不定式(to)+ v動名詞 -ing現在分詞-ing過去分詞-ed（二）非謂語動詞的分類，意義，構成：非謂語形式構成特征和作用時態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式復合結構不定式to doto have done to be doing to have been doingto be doneto have been done在非謂語前加not或never特別注意： not having done;ones not doing / ones not having donefor sb. to do s

2、th. of sb. to do sth.具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作用; 在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語動名詞doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesb. / sbs doing作主語僅用sbs doing具有名詞的作用;在句中做主、賓、定和表語分詞現在分詞doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副詞和形容詞的作用; 在句中做定、表、賓補和狀語過去分詞done（三）非謂語動詞的考點：、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別：一個單句只能有一個謂語，兩個動作之間用 and 連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個動詞的形

3、式的一致性；不用 and 連接時，只能用非謂語動詞。高考題點擊：1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing析：兩個動作之間用 and 連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個動詞的形式的一致性，故B、D皆錯；不用 and 連接時稱之為狀語，只能用非謂語動詞作狀語，故C錯。2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the gir

4、l and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 、非謂語動詞作主語，注意以下兩個重要問題：第一 是并行結構問題 ，即主表一致性如：Seeing is believing. 第二 需要注意一些結構：A) Its no use (no good) doing sth. 如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B) 在 Its +

5、adj. 結構中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型：Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary) + for sb. to doIts kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考慮周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do、非謂語動詞作表語The purpose of new te

6、chnologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make注意兩個問題: 一是并行結構問題 To see is to believe二是時間問題：一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的、愿望、夢想、需求”等名詞作主語時其表語應該用不定式。動名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。My job is teaching.My dream of life is to become a scientist.另外要特別注

7、意現在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。 現在分詞說明主語所具有的特征；The speech was inspiring.過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)：The students were greatly inspired.、非謂語動詞作定語 高考題點擊: 1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relat

8、ion to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung非謂語動詞作定語時要注意以下區(qū)別：A) 分詞作定語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關系；a sleeping child, B) 動名詞作定語時只表示用途、場所等意義；a sleeping bag, C) 不定式作定語時要注意以下一些固

9、定結構：在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名詞后；由序數詞,only, last, next 或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語；I dont think he is the best man _(do)the job.He is always the first / the last one _ (leave) the office. D) 表示被動意義的非謂語動詞作定語時的用法：done 表示已經完成的動作:meeting held已經召開的會議。to be done

10、 表示尚未開始的動作：a meeting to be held 即將召開的會議；being done 表示正在進行之中的動作：a meeting being held 正在召開的會議 、非謂語動詞作賓語 1. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. takeC. taking D. to be taking2. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to b

11、e sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects注意僅帶不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pret

12、end, 等；動詞 know, show 等常帶疑問詞加 to do 作賓語。在某些復合賓語中，用it做形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面去。即：consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth. 例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.4. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. having time C. to have timeD. t

13、o having time僅帶動名詞作賓語的動詞為：admit advocate(提倡) appreciate，avoid，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse， prevent，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practise，resist，risk，suggest，stand，forgive，keep，allow permit，forbid，advise等?？梢杂靡韵驴谠E進行記憶 (背景為你剛到一個新的單位)避免錯過欣賞，禁止推遲完成，繼續(xù)忍受否認，承認盼望原諒，想象訓練冒險，不禁介意空想，建議考慮逃亡。 但如果在 allow permit forbid a

14、dvise后提到有關的人，就只能用不定式作賓補。在動詞 want, need, require, deserve 等詞后加動名詞作賓語時表示被動意義，相當于 to be done。特別注意：帶不定式和動名詞作賓語意義不同的動詞： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stopstop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do （指動作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動作已經發(fā)生）try to do （設法，努力去做，盡力

15、）try doing （試試去做，看有何結果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意識是，意味著）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）cant help (to) do （不能幫忙做） cant help doing （忍不住要做）5. - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done6.

16、 When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not_A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting要特別注意 to 的詞性，分析其為介詞還是

17、不定式。如：be accustomed to 習慣于， be used to，stick to， turn to ，devote oneself to，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to，contribute to, lead to 等 to 為介詞。 8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. hav

18、ing set up9. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving making B. to solving made C. to solve making D. to solve made 、非謂語動詞作賓補常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關系及時間概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell,

19、 want, wish, encourage sb.to do sth.主謂關系。強調動作將發(fā)生或已經完成。The teacher encouraged me to work hard.have(讓), notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make sb. do sth.I heard him call me several times.Who would you like to have do the experiment?現在分詞notice, see, watch, hear, find, have(讓), feel, keep, leave sb/

20、sth doing/done 主謂關系。強調動作正在進行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.He has the machine running all the time.I wont have my students cheating in the exam. (否定句中表“容忍”)過去分詞動賓關系。動作已經完成，多強調狀態(tài)We found the village greatly changed.She was surprised that the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong ag

21、ain.用法要點詳解：一、下列動詞后面跟帶to 的不定式做補語：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on 等。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。You a

22、re not allowed to smoke in this area. 不允許你在這個區(qū)域抽煙。二、感官動詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等的賓語補足語的用法I heard her sing an English song just now. 剛才我聽到她唱了一首英文歌。(sing 是不帶to 的不定式，做賓補，表主動、完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.昨天經過她的房間的時候，我聽見她在唱英文歌。（sin

23、ging 是現在分詞一般主動式作賓補，表主動，正在進行）I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day. 幾天前我聽到一個小女孩唱了一首英文歌。（sung 是過去分詞作賓補，表被動、完成）I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed her room yesterday. 昨天經過她的房間的時候，聽見一個小女孩正在唱一首英文歌。（being sung 是現在分詞被動式作賓補，表被動正在進行）三、使役動詞make, let, get, ha

24、ve等的賓語補足語的用法1) make/let/have + 賓語 + do (但是 get + 賓語+ to do) (使/ 讓/ 叫 某人去做某事); Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 媽媽讓我去商店買些鹽。You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you. 你可以讓你的兒子幫你被這個重箱子。2) have + 賓語 + doing 使/讓 持續(xù)地做某事；（疑問句、否定句）容忍，允許 get + 賓語 + doing 使/讓 開始行動起來His question got th

25、e students thinking. 他的問題使學生們思考起來。I wont have you walking home all by yourself. 我不會讓你獨自走回家的。3) have/get /make+ 賓語 + done 使/讓/ 叫某事由別人去做； have sth done 還表示“使遭受”；Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得（請人）修一下我的自行車。Tom had his legs broken while playing football. 湯姆踢足球時傷了腿。提別提醒：被動語態(tài)中，不定式做主語補足語時to 一定要

26、加上。Though he had often made his little sister cry, that day he was made to cry by his little sister.4) leave/keep + 賓語+ doing 使 保持某種狀態(tài) leave + 賓語 + undone 留下某事未做； leave + 賓語 + to do / to be done 留下 要去做/要被做The guest left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人們都沒有動，因

27、為它們不可口。（被動、完成）Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你讓機器一直開著是不對的。（主動、進行）He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work.他去看電影了，留下我一個人去做剩余的所有的工作。（主動、將來）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我們匆匆忙忙結束了會議，留下許多問題等待解決（被動、將來）5) “主語 + be + said/believ

28、ed/known/reported/considered等 + 不定式”，這個結構中的不定式做主語補足語。 He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad.據說他出國了。He is considered to be the most diligent student in our class. 他被認為是我們班最勤奮的學生。6) 特別注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等沒有賓補。1. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works

29、hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning2. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it doB. have it done C. have done it D. having it done3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4.

30、 The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to、非謂語動詞作狀語一、不定式可作目的狀語、結果狀語等, 還可以用在某些作表語的形容詞后面作原因狀語。 I stayed there to see wh

31、at would happen. 他待在那里，想看看會發(fā)生什么。（目的） He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.他匆忙趕到火車站，結果發(fā)現火車已經開走了。（結果） I am very glad to see you. 我很高興見到你。（原因） She is too tired to do the job. 她太累了，做不了那項工作。（結果）二、分詞在句中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、伴隨狀語等。如： Being sick, I stayed at home. 我因為生病待在家中。（原因）Having been

32、 shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice. 帶專家們轉了我們的學校后，他們給我們的校長提出了一些建議。（時間）United, we stand; divided, we fell. 團結則存，分裂則亡。（條件）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it . 那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上碰破了。（結果）The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.

33、 老師走進實驗室，后面跟著一些學生。(伴隨)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 告訴他多次，他還是犯同樣的錯誤。（讓步）三、注意點：1、非謂語動詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致，構成主動或被動關系。2、表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連接詞while或when引導。如：Be careful when crossing the street. 過馬路時小心。3、有時，“with或without + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 分詞”的結構表示伴隨狀況或原因。 With all the work finish

34、ed, he happily went home. 工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。4、當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，分詞須有自己的主語，構成獨立主格結構。這種結構在句中多作伴隨狀語。亦可用來表示時間、原因、條件等。例如：The young man rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 年輕人沖進屋，滿臉是汗。The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off. 班長病了，我們還是延期開會吧。Weather permitting, we will go out. = If

35、 weather permits, we will go out. It being Sunday today, the library doesnt open.=Because it is Sunday today, the library doesnt open.5、某些固定結構中，分詞的邏輯主語不受句子主語的限制，可獨立使用，稱為獨立分詞結構或懸垂分詞。 這些結構有：adv. (generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly ) + speaking, judging from / by 從 判斷considering / takingint

36、o consideration supposing /providing / provided that 假如given sth./ that 假如，考慮到 例如：Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all. 6、某些動詞不定式常用作獨立副詞成分To make things/matters even worse To begin with To tell you the truthTo be honest/ exact / strict /

37、 frank Believe it or not 例如：To be frank (= Frankly speaking), I dont like your attitude.Believe it or not, he left me standing in the rain for nearly half an hour.7、分詞作狀語相當于帶有關聯詞的狀語從句，所以，要注意不能再次使用關聯詞。如：_ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Though he had been told C.

38、 He was told D. Having told高考題點擊： 1. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?- _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept3. _ in

39、 thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose4. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope5. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C.

40、telling D. told6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching7. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D.

41、 begun8. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help注意點注1：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須與句子的主語一致，構成主動或被動的關系。 9. In order to improve English, . A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. J

42、enny bought a lot of tapes for herself C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father10. Having been attacked by terrorists, _. A. doctors can to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists注2：

43、 表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連接詞while或when引導。11. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared注3：有時，“with或without + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 分詞”的結構表示伴隨狀況。12. I couldnt do my homework with all that

44、noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on注4: 當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，分詞須有自己的主語，構成獨立主格結構。這種結構在句中多作伴隨狀語。亦可用來表示時間、原因、條件等。 例如：Weather permitting, we will go out. = If weather permits , we will go out. It being Sunday today, the library doesnt open. =Because it is Sunday today, the library doesnt

45、open.13. _, the concert began. A. The listeners having taken their seats B. Having taken their seats C. Having taken their places D. Taking their seats14. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest_ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 15. _ the general state of his health, i

46、t may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài) 高考題點擊： 1.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having goneC. goingD. to have gone2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know w

47、hat country he studied in. A. to have studiedB. to study C. to be studyingD. to have been studying3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it rem

48、ains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen5. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed6. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Game

49、s. A. Having been shown B. To be shown C. Having shown D. To show、非謂語動詞否定形式: 在非謂語前加not(1) The teacher asked us_ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make(2) _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having com

50、pleted D. Having not completed(3) Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 、動名詞的復合結構: sb. / sbs doing (作主語僅用sbs doing)（1）It is difficult to imagine his _the decision without any considerati

51、on. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted（2）I really can't understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating（3） _the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president attending B. The president to attend C. The president atten

52、ded D. The president's attending、不定式的復合結構for sb. to do sth. It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday. There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome. In order for the patient to be treated at once,they took him to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible.或：In order to be treated at once, the patient was taken to the nearest hospital as quickly as possibl