語法填空題做題技巧

1、一、分清詞性和句子分類。（1）十大詞類：漢語英語名稱用途名稱名詞n.（noun）表示人或事物的名稱代詞pron.代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)（ pronoun）詞實數(shù)詞num.表示數(shù)量和順序（numeral）詞動詞v.（ verb）表示動作或狀態(tài)形容詞adj.修飾名詞，表示人、物（ adjective）的特征副詞adv.（adverb）修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞冠詞art.（article ）用在名詞前，說明名詞指的人、物介詞prep.表示名詞、代詞等與其（preposition ）它詞的關(guān)系虛詞連詞conj.連接詞與詞、短語和短（ conjunction ）語、句子和句子感嘆詞interj.表示說話

2、時的感情或口（ interjection ）氣例詞句法作用boy, book, table, man主、表、賓、補、定、同I, you, it, we, their主、表、補、定、同one,two,twenty,主、表、賓、定、third, fifth同work, works, working,主、謂、表、賓、worked, to work補、定、狀red, long, old, good表、定、賓補here,very,often,表、狀weeklya （an） , thein, after, under, onand, if, but, becauseoh,er, ough,um ，ouch

3、（ 2）八大句子成分：句子成分：組成英語句子的各個部分，叫做句子成分。英語的句子最多由八個句子成分組成，即主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語以及同位語。主語：概念：句子的主體，發(fā)出動作的人或物，表示所說的是誰或是什么。位置：主語一般在句首，特殊句型中在句末。構(gòu)成：由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(dāng)。例： Henry is a good boy.亨利是個好孩子。He ran away.他跑掉了。To learn a foreign language is not easy.學(xué)習(xí)一門外語不容易。Driving to Beijing is not difficult.開車去北京

4、不難。What has happened proves that our policy is right. 發(fā)生的一切證明我們的政策是對的。Whether we ll go depends on the weather. 我們是否去要看天氣。謂語：概念：說明主語的動作、特征、狀態(tài)等的句子成分，叫做謂語。位置：謂語動詞通常位于主語之后，特殊句型位于主語之前。構(gòu)成：由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)。例如： We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們周一至周五上學(xué)。I went to the zoo yesterday.昨天我去了動物園。Some children ask

5、ed for cold drinks. 有些孩子要喝冷飲。I shall go to see him tomorrow. 明天我要去看他。I must ask her to teach me to swim. 我一定得請她教我游泳。We looked for Mr. Wilson yesterday. 我們昨天找過威爾遜先生。He took part in the meeting last Saturday.他上周六參加了會議。賓語：概念：動詞賓語是動作的承受者。及物動詞以及相當(dāng)于及物動詞的短語后都必須帶賓語。介詞之后的賓語叫介詞賓語。位置：動詞賓語位于及物動詞之后；介詞賓語位于介詞之后。構(gòu)成

6、：名詞、名詞化的形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、-ing 形式、動詞不定式和從句等均可作賓語。例如： The teacher asked the students to finish the homework after class.老師讓學(xué)生們課下完成作業(yè)。He wanted to buy that T-shirt. 他想買那件 T 恤衫。They are having a party in the garden.他們正在花園里開聚會。I don t know when they will arrive. 我不知道他們何時到達。雙賓語：英語中，有些及物動詞可以接兩個賓語，動作的承受者，即指物的叫做直接賓

7、語，動作是為誰做的或是對誰做的，即指人的叫做間接賓語，這兩個賓語稱為“雙賓語”。例： Pass me the salt, please把.鹽遞給我。 the salt（直接賓語）， me（間接賓語） They asked me to sing them a song. 他們要我給他們唱一支歌。 a song（直接賓語）， them（間接賓語） 。間接賓語后置：間接賓語也可以放在直接賓語的后面，這時候需要在間接賓語之前分別加兩個介詞：for 或 to.具體用哪一個介詞，主要取決于句子的謂語動詞。例： Ill lend you something to read. I ll lend someth

8、ing to read to you.我要借點什么東西給你看。I hope you will do me a favor. I hope you will do a favor for me.我希望你能幫我做一件事。以下這類雙賓語動詞如果間接賓語后置，要求在間接賓語之前加“to” 。give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, accord, grant, owe, refuse

9、, deny等。以下這類雙賓語動詞如果間接賓語后置，要求在間接賓語之前加“for ” 。make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等。雙賓語的注意事項在下面情況下用to 或 for 引起的短語比用間接賓語好1. 當(dāng)直接賓語是人稱代詞時I ll send it to you tomorrow. 比較（ I ll send you the book.） 我明天給你送來。This book is Mr. Wang s. Please give it to him. 這是王先

10、生的書，請給他。2. 當(dāng)間接賓語比直接賓語長時We are going to sing some songs for our friends. 比較（ Sing us a song.）我們將為我們的朋友唱支歌。On the bus, she often gives her seat to the old person.在公共汽車上，她經(jīng)常給老年人讓座。3. 當(dāng)間接賓語受到強調(diào)時Bring the letter to me, not to Henry. 把信交給我，不是給亨利。We d better hand the documents to him directly. 我們最好把文件直接交給他

11、。Mother cooks meals for us every day.母親每天都給我們做飯。賓語補足語：概念：用以補充說明賓語，并與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語的句子成分，叫做賓語補足語。英語中有些及物動詞接了賓語之后還需接賓語補足語來補充說明賓語的有關(guān)情況，否則句子意思就不完整。位置：通常情況位于賓語之后。構(gòu)成：可以做賓語補足語的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式、分詞以及介詞短語等。例： You must keep the room clean and tidy.你必須保持房間干凈和整潔。People saw him running away.人們看到他跑了。Don t leave your c

12、ar there. It s not a parking area.別把你的車停在那兒，那不是停車場。Let me put this bag on the desk.讓我把這個包放在桌子上。賓語補足語和賓語的關(guān)系: 由于賓語補足語對賓語進行補充說明，因此，與賓語或是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，或是邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。如： He made us laugh.他使我們哈哈大笑。表語：概念：用來說明主語的身份、特征、狀態(tài)等的句子成分，是表語。位置：位于聯(lián)系動詞之后，與聯(lián)系動詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。構(gòu)成：可作表語的有名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語、分詞短語以及從句等。聯(lián)系動詞（ Link verb

13、）：連接主語和表語的動詞是聯(lián)系動詞。常用的聯(lián)系動詞有 be, keep, remain , stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, feel，look, smell, sound, taste, seem等。be 動詞（ am, is, are, was, were, have been）是最常用的表達狀態(tài)的聯(lián)系動詞；其他聯(lián)系動詞如：become成為， turn 變成 ,go 變。其特點是聯(lián)系動詞與其后的表語沒有動賓關(guān)系，表語多為形容詞或副詞，不可能是賓語。當(dāng)聯(lián)系動詞不是be，而其后是名詞和代詞時，多表達“轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤敝?，注意與動賓關(guān)系的區(qū)別。感官動詞

14、多可用作聯(lián)系動詞：look well/ 面色好 ,sound nice/聽起來不錯 ,feel good/感覺好， smell bad/難聞例如： Africa is a big continent. 非洲是個大洲。That remains a puzzle to me. 這對我還是個難題。That computer is mine. 那臺電腦是我的。I feel much better today. 我今天感覺好多了。Her job is selling computers. 她的工作是銷售電腦。The patient is out of danger. 病人脫險了。I must be of

15、f now. 現(xiàn)在我得走了。This is what he said.這就是他所說的話。定語：概念：是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子的句子成分，漢語中常用“ 的”表示。位置：定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。定語后置情況：定語修飾some, any, every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞（如：something、 nothing）時，通常后置，即放在所修飾的詞的后面。當(dāng)不定式、分詞短語作定語或從句作定語時，定語通常后置。副詞用作定語時須放在名詞之后。構(gòu)成：充當(dāng)定語的詞有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語、動名詞、分詞（短語）以及從句。例： I still got mu

16、ch work to do. 我還有很多工作要做。My father told me to study hard. 我父親告訴我要努力學(xué)習(xí)。The woman in the blue coat is my mother. 那個穿藍色外套的人是我媽媽。What a sunny day! 多晴朗的天！It s about ten minutes walk from here. 距這里大約步行十分鐘。The boy you will know is Tom.你將認(rèn)識的男孩叫湯姆。狀語：概念：用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的句子成分，稱為狀語。狀語用來說明動作發(fā)生或存在的時間、地點、條件、讓步、原因

17、、方式、程度、目的、結(jié)果等。位置：狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強調(diào)時放在句首修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)時放在句首。地點狀語一般須在時間狀語之前。一些表示不確定時間（如： often）或程度（如： almost）的副詞狀語通常位于 be 動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。構(gòu)成：可用作狀語的有副詞、動詞不定式（短語） 、分詞短語、介詞短語、名詞以及從句等。例： The boy really needs a pen.男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。 （程度狀語）You should often do exer

18、cise if you want to keep fit.若想健美，你就應(yīng)該經(jīng)常鍛煉。（頻率狀語）David runs very fast. 戴維跑得非常快。 （時間狀語）He came to see me yesterday他.昨天來看我。（目的狀語）She often works in her office till midnight.她經(jīng)常在辦公室工作到半夜。（地點狀語）同位語：概念：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列另一個名詞或代詞，對前者加以解釋或說明的句子成分。它近乎于后置定語，對前面的名詞或代詞作進一步的解釋說明的作用，說明前面的詞是“誰”、是“什么”等。位置：位于所補充說明的詞之前或

19、之后。構(gòu)成：同位語通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)。同位語與定語的區(qū)別：同位語是對前面的名詞或代詞作進一步的解釋、說明的作用，說明前面的詞是“誰”、是“什么”等；而定語則是對被修飾的詞起限制或修飾的作用。二、語法填空題：詞性以加后綴為主：名詞后綴、形容詞后綴、動詞后綴、副詞后綴、數(shù)詞后綴轉(zhuǎn)換給動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、情態(tài)動詞、不定式、-ing 形式、過去分詞提名詞數(shù)、格示詞形容詞比較級、最高級副詞比較級、最高級連詞從屬連詞、并列連詞不代詞人稱、非人稱 (it) 、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑問、關(guān)系、連接、不定給提介詞簡單、合成、成語示詞冠詞定冠詞、不定冠詞副詞疑問、連接、關(guān)系、時間、地點、方式、

20、程度、句子、承接語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考察語法知識的運用能力，我們在解題前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先進行填寫。在讀懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語言環(huán)境去逐句分析，逐題解答。下面按題型設(shè)計分三種情況：一、純空格試題的解題技巧純空格填空題主要是填冠詞、介詞、代詞、連接詞(含從屬連詞和并列連詞)等虛詞。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句子所缺成分確定填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個連詞。共有以下7 個技巧：技巧 1：在簡單句和并列句中，若句子缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞。例 1： I can t send a message t

21、o Kenya whenever I want to, and _1_ gets there almost in a second.技巧 2：名詞前面，若沒有限定詞（冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等），很可能是填限定詞。例 2： It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help_2_ rice crop grow up quickly.技巧 3：名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語時，其前面，一定是填介詞。例 3： who should have the honour of

22、 receiving me _3_ a guest in their house.技巧 4: 若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能是填連詞。例 4： two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso4Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.技巧 5：若兩個句子（即兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填并列連詞（連接并列的句子）或從屬連詞（連接定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句）。例 5： The greatest magician of all time was Harry Ho

23、udini _5 _died in 1926.例 6： He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, _6_he felt very happy.技巧 6: 由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。(1) 由 it is that 強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的形式，判斷 it 還是 that。判斷方法：去掉 it is that 結(jié)構(gòu)，句子還是一個完整的句子就是強調(diào)句型。(2) 由 it 作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷，空格是否填it.例 7： and _7_ was only after I heard she become sick that I lear

24、ned she couldn t eat MSG ( 味精 ). 例 8： as _8_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists.例 9： Dating sites also makes_9_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.(3) 在倒裝句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, notuntil 等詞。例 10： _10_ with hard w

25、ork can you expect to get pay rise.(4) so / such that 句型例 11： This made the goat so jealous _11_ it began plotting against the donkey.(5) morethan(與其說 不如說 ，比 更 )句型。例 12：Cynthia s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _12_ how much he pays.二、給出了動詞的試題解題技巧首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動

26、詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按照以下兩點進行思考。技巧 7：若句子沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)。例 13：When I die, I13(give) everything to you.例 14：That was definitelynot an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,14_(close) my book andwalked away.例 15： In Loganm three people _15_(take) to a

27、 hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.例 16：Being too anxious to help an event develop often16(result) the contrary to our intention.例 17：Now, Valentine s Day is17(celebrate) in many countries around the world.技巧形式，8: 若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定是-ed 形式，還是不定式，確定的方法主要有：v

28、-ing(1) 作主語或賓語，通常用 v-ing 形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體情況。例 18： but it is not enough only _18 _(memorize) rules from a grammar book.例 19： 19_(speak) out your inner feeling won t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary(2) 作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語，一般用不定式。例 20： _20 _(complete) the project as planed, we ll have to work two

29、more hours a day.(3) 作伴隨狀語，通常用分詞，若與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞（v-ing ）;若是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞例 21：He saw the stone, _21 _(say) to himself: “ the night will be very dark. ”例 22：The headmaster went into the lab, _22_(follow) by the foreign guests.技巧 9: 動詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換主要做主語、賓語和定語。例 23：There are23(comfort) feelings often as any kind

30、 of physical pain.例 24：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24(equip) to dig holes例 25：These people have made great _ 25(contribute) to China with their work.三、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧這類題主要是考查名詞、形容詞和副詞，根據(jù)該詞在句中所作句子成分確定用那種形式，具體技巧有以下三種。技巧 10: 作表語（在系動詞之后）、定語（修飾名詞）或賓補（表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)），通常用形容詞形式。例 26：The youngst

31、er immediately fell _26_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.例 27：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_(interest) in the subject.技巧 11: 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。例 28：As I looked _28(close) at this girl, I found that例 29： 29(fortune),the guest escaped unha

32、rmed.技巧 12: 有的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞類或詞性不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加 un-, im-, in- 等，在詞根后加 -less 等。例 30： People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, noknowledge is _30_(use).例 31： Your mistake caused a lot of _31_(necessary) work in the of

33、fice.技巧 13: 括號中所給詞若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較級或最高級。例 32：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldhe jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out.例 33：The _33_(worse) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart,police said.例 34： , but he felt very happy s

34、ince the crop did“ grow” 34(high)以上僅對語法填空中的主要情況進行了概括，在做語法填空題時，還應(yīng)注意英語中的固定句型、固定搭配等。Camels certainly like eating green grass, not dry grass. But1.(strange),camels always keep lookingforgrass2. their stomachs are filled up.A classmate of3.(I) whose home is on the edge of Turpan Basin in Xinjiang told me

35、 his home has two camels; hesaid you could imagine a camel s appetite, for it can slowly swallow dozens of kilograms of hay (干草 ).I asked him4.camels eat hay, not green grass. He said the camel is a kind of animal with5.strong sense ofsuffering,6.(fear) its master lettingit travel through the desert

36、 the next day, and the hay in its stomach is more hunger-resistant7. green grass.The camel has the best tolerance. Unfortunately, many people can only see a camels outstandingperformance, but few understand its8.(prepare) made for it.Life,9.a camel traveling through the desert,10.(need) the adequate

37、 accumulation, but not everyone canunderstand it.dryLast Monday, my father would be on a1 (busy)trip for five days. Having gotten my promise ofbeing great at home and taking care of my mother, he rest assured and put his luggage into thetrunk of his car. _2_(see) my father s driving away, my mother

38、and I waved our hands andsaid goodbye to him. For a moment, I began to miss my father, _3_(wish) that he would besafe and well the next days I thought everything would go well, as this was not the first time thatmy father _4_(be)away for several days. Yet, _5_(fortunate), my mother caught acold the

39、next morning. Looking at her pale face, I _6_(experience) high levels of anxiety.However, I told myself that I had to calm down and look after my mum, _7_I promised to mydad. The moment I got my mum to sleep, I put cold towel on her forehead, found pills in themedicine box, and made some noodles for

40、 her. Luckily, she woke up and felt _8_(good), aftertaking the pills and the noodles. _9_her fever was gone relieved and satisfied me a lot. Inthe next four days, I was taking her body temperature twice a day, ensuring that she was completelywell. To our delight, my dad went back home safely and hea

41、lthily on Saturday. On hearing_10_I had done to my mum, he, as well as my mum, beamed at me and gave me a big thumb.Hearing their praises and seeing bright smiles on their faces, I really felt overjoyed and thrilled.Conceivably, taking care of my parents was, indeed and definitely, my mission and ob

42、ligation。Red envelopes 61 (relate) to the Chinese Lunar New Year for long. I myself have had plenty of 62 (experience) both receiving and giving out red envelopes in the past, and generally speaking, its been fun. I mean, who doesnt love free money?Im truly surprised by the extent of peoples obsessi

43、on with virtual red envelopes this year. In fact everyone I know spent at least a day or two 63 (crazy) shaking their smart phones, mostly trying to get as much lucky money aspossible. Thanks to messaging app giant WeChats new feature that allows users to send money electronically,64(grab) virtual r

44、ed envelopes has never seemed so easy.Just in case you are one of the very few people still not on the bandwagon, heres65it works. Givers link theirWeChat to their bank accounts, and then they can send specified amounts of money to their WeChat contacts through apersonal message. They can also put the cash up66grabs in chat groups full of friends, and anyone who acts fastenough will get 67share. Later, receivers can transfer the funds from their WeChat back into their own bank accounts.In theory, this sounds like a fun game. Im always for som