高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞性從句之主語(yǔ)從句

1、.課本、報(bào)刊雜志中的成語(yǔ)、名言警句等俯首皆是,但學(xué)生寫(xiě)作文運(yùn)用到文章中的甚少,即使運(yùn)用也很難做到恰如其分。為什么?還是沒(méi)有徹底“記死的緣故。要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,方法很簡(jiǎn)單,每天花3-5分鐘左右的時(shí)間記一條成語(yǔ)、一那么名言警句即可。可以寫(xiě)在后黑板的“積累專(zhuān)欄上每日一換,可以在每天課前的3分鐘讓學(xué)生輪流講解,也可讓學(xué)生個(gè)人搜集,每天往筆記本上抄寫(xiě),老師定期檢查等等。這樣,一年就可記300多條成語(yǔ)、300多那么名言警句,日積月累,終究會(huì)成為一筆不小的財(cái)富。這些成語(yǔ)典故“貯藏在學(xué)生腦中,自然會(huì)出口成章,寫(xiě)作時(shí)便會(huì)隨心所欲地“提取出來(lái),使文章增色添輝。宋以后，京師所設(shè)小學(xué)館和武學(xué)堂中的老師稱(chēng)謂皆稱(chēng)之為“教諭

2、。至元明清之縣學(xué)一律循之不變。明朝入選翰林院的進(jìn)士之師稱(chēng)“教習(xí)。到清末，學(xué)堂興起，各科老師仍沿用“教習(xí)一稱(chēng)。其實(shí)“教諭在明清時(shí)還有學(xué)官一意，即主管縣一級(jí)的教育生員。而相應(yīng)府和州掌管教育生員者那么謂“教授和“學(xué)正?！敖淌凇皩W(xué)正和“教諭的副手一律稱(chēng)“訓(xùn)導(dǎo)。于民間，特別是漢代以后，對(duì)于在“?；颉皩W(xué)中傳授經(jīng)學(xué)者也稱(chēng)為“經(jīng)師。在一些特定的講學(xué)場(chǎng)合，比方書(shū)院、皇室，也稱(chēng)老師為“院長(zhǎng)、西席、講席等。單靠“死記還不行,還得“活用,姑且稱(chēng)之為“先死后活吧。讓學(xué)生把一周看到或聽(tīng)到的新穎事記下來(lái),摒棄那些假話(huà)套話(huà)空話(huà),寫(xiě)出自己的真情實(shí)感,篇幅可長(zhǎng)可短,并要求運(yùn)用積累的成語(yǔ)、名言警句等,定期檢查點(diǎn)評(píng),選擇優(yōu)秀篇目在班

3、里朗讀或展出。這樣,即穩(wěn)固了所學(xué)的材料,又鍛煉了學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作才能,同時(shí)還培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的觀察才能、思維才能等等,到達(dá)“一石多鳥(niǎo)的效果。高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞性從句之主語(yǔ)從句 #：一觀察一：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類(lèi)的名詞性從句，并指出該名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。1 Who he is doesnt concern me.2 What he said is unbelievable.3 Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.4 When we will hold the sports meet is still unknown.5 How he

4、got in touch with Tom is not clear.6 That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.7 Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.以上句子為主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞有who, what, where ,when ,why ,how ,whether ,that, whatever, whoever, however.第6句改編. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.

5、第7句改編. it is not clear to me Whether/if she likes the present. 此時(shí)whether和if均可。Whether和if 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句有什么區(qū)別？引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表是否只能用whether，轉(zhuǎn)換為it做形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)候whether和if都可以。What 和that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句有什么區(qū)別？what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，what在主語(yǔ)從句中做成份，如句子2，that在主語(yǔ)從句中不做成份，如句子6但是此時(shí)that也不能省略。例如：That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.例如1.What y

6、ou need is more practice .例如2.That he needed a lot of money made us surprised.Whoever breaks the law should be published .Whatever was said here must be kept secret .此類(lèi)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句也是_ 主語(yǔ)從句_從句，意思中包含有:_無(wú)論._主語(yǔ)從句范例1 the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案When解析考察名詞性從句。句意為：延誤了的航班何時(shí)起飛主

7、要取決于天氣。所填詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用when。2It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world.答案what解析考察賓語(yǔ)從句。從句“ life was like for slaves in the ancient world中缺賓語(yǔ)，且從句在及物動(dòng)詞imagine后作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)選擇連接代詞what。3 impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.答案what解析考察名詞性從句。句意為： 關(guān)于他的繪畫(huà)給

8、我印象最深的是他使用的顏色。包含一個(gè)缺少主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句，故用what。4.Its good to know the dogs will be well cared for while were away.答案that解析考察主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，it作形式主語(yǔ)，后面從句完好，用that引導(dǎo)。5. one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.答案Whichever解析句意為：你們中無(wú)論哪一個(gè)打破了窗戶(hù)都要負(fù)責(zé)賠償。此處指從“you這一范圍中作出選擇，故填whichever無(wú)論哪一個(gè)。6. It doesnt matter you

9、 turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.答案whether解析考察連詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，it為形式主語(yǔ)，所以所填連詞在句中引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵信息詞or可知填whether。7. team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever  D. Whichever答案D 考點(diǎn)考察主語(yǔ)從句。 解析由句式構(gòu)造可知此空白處

10、應(yīng)選擇連詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 且在主語(yǔ)從句中作team的定語(yǔ)使用, 選項(xiàng)中只有whichever和whichever可同時(shí)具備這兩種功能, 且從數(shù)個(gè)的隊(duì)中選擇一個(gè), 應(yīng)選whichever。8. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A.What  B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever答案：A 考點(diǎn)考察主語(yǔ)從句。解析what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 并作從句的主語(yǔ), what=the thing that。9. matters most in learning English is

11、 enough practice.A.What  B. Why C. Where D. Which答案A 考點(diǎn)考察主語(yǔ)從句。 解析此題考察主語(yǔ)從句, 且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)。10. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A. That B. Which  C. What  D.As答案C 考點(diǎn)此題考察名詞性從句的選用。解析分析句子構(gòu)造可知, 此處主語(yǔ)從句缺少動(dòng)詞say and do的賓語(yǔ), 故用what。11. worries me the way he keeps changing hi

12、s mind.A. This B. That C. What  D. It答案D 考點(diǎn)考察主語(yǔ)從句。 解析it在句中代指所發(fā)生的事情, the way在句中作方式狀語(yǔ), 同時(shí)又作了先行詞, 其后為定語(yǔ)從句, 省略了引導(dǎo)詞that或in which。12. is known to us all is that the 2019 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. It  B. What  C.As D. Which答案B 考點(diǎn)考察主語(yǔ)從句。解析分析題干構(gòu)造 “ is known to us all是主語(yǔ)從句, 從句

13、中缺少主語(yǔ), what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 在從句中作主語(yǔ)。假如選it, 需去掉all后的is;假如選as;需去掉is that。13. was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. It B. This  C. What  D.As答案C 考點(diǎn)主語(yǔ)從句。 解析what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。14. . Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.A. That B.

14、 Why  C. Where  D. How【答案】C 【解析】試題分析：句意：李白是中國(guó)一位偉大的詩(shī)人，他的出生地是眾所周知的，但有些人不愿承受這一事實(shí)。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位語(yǔ)，is前面是主語(yǔ)從句。比較選項(xiàng)只有where符合句意，where在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。【考點(diǎn)定位】名詞性從句【名師點(diǎn)睛】此題由于“a great Chinese poet的插入，句子構(gòu)造變得稍顯復(fù)雜，因此要求考生可以排除構(gòu)造干擾，看清考點(diǎn)還是考察名詞性從句連接詞的選擇，然后根據(jù)“從句部分缺什么補(bǔ)什么的原那么選那么連接詞這一根本原那么，同時(shí)結(jié)合句

15、意，迅速鎖定正確答案。15. _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. Where  B. How  C. Why D. When【答案】B 【解析】試題分析：句意：我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐虑榕c我們所感受的有很大關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，主語(yǔ)從句缺少方式狀語(yǔ)，因此選擇how。應(yīng)選B?！究键c(diǎn)定位】主語(yǔ)從句?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】主語(yǔ)從句分多種，解題時(shí)要分析原題空中缺少的是何種狀語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)題考生首先要利用主句與從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系判別，尤其是連詞在從句中的功能，由于引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞功能有所分別，較為容易抉擇，但有的連詞的形式一樣，

16、但具有不同意思，這就需要考生仔細(xì)甄別，充分利用與之相關(guān)內(nèi)容或與其搭配相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)的意思。觀察與考慮：that與what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法有什么不同？1. What you need is more practice .2. That he needed a lot of money made us surprised.3. What impressed me most was that he was always patient with children.1that和what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。2what是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中有 實(shí)在意義，做/ 成分, 不能省。3that是連

17、接詞，在從句中有/無(wú)實(shí)在意義，僅起連接作用， 不做成分,；引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)能/ 省略，但引導(dǎo)多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有第 一個(gè)that 可以省略。在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that一般 不能省略。感悟疑點(diǎn)：1. After Yang succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.A where  B what  C that D how2. They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters wors

18、e was that night began to fall.A. that B it  C what  D which3. _ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.A. What B How C When  D That4. made the school proud was 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.A. What; because  B What; that  C That; what D That;

19、 because5. Word has _some American guests will come for a visit.A. what came B. that  C. whether D. when6. He told us _ his father had died and _ he had to live alone.A that, /  B /, that  C what,/ D / , what 二主語(yǔ)從句一、概述：在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。根據(jù)它們?cè)诰渲械恼Z(yǔ)法作用，這類(lèi)從句又可分為主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和賓

20、語(yǔ)從句。 二.主語(yǔ)從句主要有三類(lèi)：1 由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:引導(dǎo)詞that無(wú)含義,在句中不做成分,不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你想獲得獎(jiǎng)牌看起來(lái)是不可能的。That you are so indifferent bothers me.你如此冷淡使我很煩惱。That she survived the accident is a miracle.她在事故中幸免于難簡(jiǎn)直是奇跡。2 用連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:whether有含義是否,在句中不做成分,不可以省。例如：Whether she is c

21、oming or not doesnt matter too much.她來(lái)不來(lái)都無(wú)關(guān)緊要。3 用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice.你所需要的是更多的訓(xùn)練。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是這事。Whatever we do is to serve the people.我們無(wú)論做什么都是為

22、人民效勞。4用連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。eg: Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt been made pubic. 他們什么時(shí)候來(lái)還不知道。三.注意點(diǎn):1.it 做形式主語(yǔ),而將主語(yǔ)從句放在句末尤其是當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.光沿直線傳播，這是眾所周知的事。=It is known to all that light travels

23、 in straight lines.眾所周知光沿直線傳播。When the plane is to take off has not been announced .飛機(jī)何時(shí)起飛還沒(méi)有宣布。= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.還沒(méi)有宣布飛機(jī)何時(shí)起飛。當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“的東西時(shí)，一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。錯(cuò):It is a book what he wants.對(duì):What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本書(shū)。例如：Has it been settled who will be sen

24、t to carry out the task ?誰(shuí)將被派去執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)任務(wù)決定了嗎 ？固定用法和譯法1 It is +名詞+從句It is a fact that 事實(shí)是It is good news that 是好消息It is a question that 是個(gè)問(wèn)題It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)類(lèi)似的名詞還有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.這一切是怎么發(fā)生的是個(gè)謎。It is common know

25、ledge that the whale is not a fish.鯨魚(yú)不是魚(yú)，這是常識(shí)。It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.鮑勃會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽，這缺乏為奇。2 It is +形容詞+從句It is necessary that 有必要It is clear that 很清楚It is likely that 很可能It is important that 重要的是類(lèi)似的形容詞還有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; qu

26、ite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.例如：It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industry.很明顯導(dǎo)體和絕緣體在工業(yè)中都很重要。It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.她是否能來(lái)令人疑心。It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .

27、他回絕和你說(shuō)話(huà)真是令人驚訝。It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .周末之前，他應(yīng)該到這里是必要的。It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.很明顯我們不能這樣下去了。3 It is +過(guò)去分詞+從句It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It has been proved that 已證明It must be proved that 必須指出類(lèi)似的過(guò)去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; beli

28、eved; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player.大家都認(rèn)為他是最好的選手。It is estimated that the vase is 2019 years old.據(jù)估計(jì)這個(gè)花瓶有2019年的歷史。It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision betw

29、een two stars. 過(guò)去一直認(rèn)為新星是由于兩顆星星之間碰撞產(chǎn)生的。It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.還沒(méi)弄清楚這條路將開(kāi)場(chǎng)通車(chē)。It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.沒(méi)有趕上這趟火車(chē)沒(méi)有關(guān)系，稍晚還有一趟。It happened that I saw him yesterday.碰巧我昨天看見(jiàn)他了。當(dāng)“及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，也可用這種構(gòu)造。例如：It shocked

30、me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was.讓我吃驚的是彼得沒(méi)有告訴任何人他在哪里。It does not interest me whether you go or not.我對(duì)你去不去不感興趣。2.只用whether不用if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句.選擇題：1. _ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A. The estimate &

31、#160;              B. The estimate    C. They are estimated           D. It is estimated that2. _ so

32、me mammals came to live in the sea is not known.   A. Which       B. Since        C. Although      D. How 

33、;3. _ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.   A. Whoever     B. Whatever     C. However      D. That

34、 4. _ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.   A. For the reason that he is        B. Just because he is  &#

35、160; C. The reason of being           D. That he is 5. Although _ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it co

36、uld occur els ewhere in the world.   A. which        B. what       C. how           D. it6. _ she

37、60;had forgotten to take her notebook.   A. That occurred to her           B. She occurred that     C. To her that occurred&#

38、160;          D. It occurred to her that7. I am sure that _ she said is wrong.   A. which        B. all  

39、       C. this            D. what8. We lost our way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that it was ge

40、tting dark.  A. that           B. which      C. it              D. what9. _ some mammals c

41、ame to live in the sea is not known.  A. Which         B. Since      C. Although        D. How 10. _ 

42、;or not is still uncertain.  A. Hes coming                 B. If he is coming     C. That coming    

43、             D. Whether hes coming11. Its _ hell be able to come.  A. doubt whether  B. doubtful     C. doubt it

44、60;        D. doubtful whether 12. _ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet suburb, Dicks life is tied

45、 to machines.  A. Whether       B. Till              C. If            D. Unless13. _ 

46、he saw both surprised and frightened him.  A. That          B. When            C. What        &

47、#160;D. Which14. _ is a spell of warm sunshine.  A. What do we all need.          B. What all we need    C. What we need

48、                D. What we all need15. _ is a pity that he should feel so upset.   A. What      

49、0;  B. That              C. He           D. It16. _ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure