Unit3Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理

1、 Unit 3 Could you tell me where the restrooms are?語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句的用法：1.定義：動(dòng)詞后的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。I think我認(rèn)為 I wonder我想知道 He said他說 或He said to me 他對(duì)我說He asked他問 或He asked me他問我 He told me他告訴我2.語(yǔ)序：賓語(yǔ)從句用述語(yǔ)序（述語(yǔ)序=引導(dǎo)詞+肯定句的構(gòu)成） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的述語(yǔ)序是：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+ is/are/are +其他?；蛞龑?dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞原形/三單+其他 一般過去時(shí)的述語(yǔ)序是：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他?；蛞龑?dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式+

2、其他。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的述語(yǔ)序是：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+ is/am/are+ 動(dòng)詞-ing +其他。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的述語(yǔ)序是：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+ was/were+ 動(dòng)詞-ing +其他。 一般將來時(shí)的述語(yǔ)序是：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+is/am/are going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?；蛞龑?dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 過去將來時(shí)的述語(yǔ)序是：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?；蛞龑?dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的述語(yǔ)序是：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他。 過去完成時(shí)的述語(yǔ)序是：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他。3.引導(dǎo)詞：賓語(yǔ)從

3、句的引導(dǎo)詞有三類：that可省略，不翻譯。He says (that) he will study hard next term.if/whether是否 I wondered if/whether he would come here.特殊疑問詞：如what,where,how,when等。 My teacher asked me where I lived.4.時(shí)態(tài)：當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句必須用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)） He does his homework every day.His mother said that he did hi

4、s homework every day. He is listening to tapes. His mother said that he was listening to tapes. He will return here next Friday. His mother said that he would return here the next Friday. He has already finished reading the book. His mother said that he had already finished reading the book.注意：當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句

5、是客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí)，永遠(yuǎn)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 The earth goes around the sun. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.必背：I dont know what I can do.=I dont know what to do.我不知道我能做什么。I didnt know what I could do.=I didnt know what to do.我不知道我能做什么。I wonder if/whether he will come here.我想知道是否他將來這兒。I wondered if/

6、whether he would come here.我想知道是否他將來這兒。練習(xí)題:1. The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A.could take B.can take C.takes D.will take2. The police asked the man _.A.where did he liveB.where does he live C.where he lived D.where he lives3. Tina said she _ to the meeting the next Tuesday.A.

7、wont go B. isnt going C. wouldnt go D. wasnt go4. I told my classmates Uncle Wang _ the TV set for us. A.will mend（修理） B. would mend C. is mendingD. can mend5. They said they _ a birthday party at 9:00 last night.A. were having B. are having C. had D. have6. I said to my daughter,“Dont make any mist

8、akes in it.” = I _ my daughter _any mistakes in it. A. asked; dont make B. ordered; didnt make C. told; not to make D. told; to not make7. The earth goes round the sun. What did he say? I couldnt hear him. _.A.He says the earth goes round the sun. B.He said the earth goes round the sun.C.He said the

9、 earth went round the sun. D.He says the earth went round the sun.8. Tom says he_ wash hands before a meal.A. must to B. will has to C. has to D. have to9.I said I(can not)hear him clearly.10.They said they(watch)TV at this time yesterday.11.She said that she(return) here the next Friday.Section A1.

10、 “問路”時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)氣委婉、有禮貌，要經(jīng)常使用Excuse me以與表示委婉語(yǔ)氣的Can/Could/Will/Wouldyou please do sth.句型。（please可以省略），這樣會(huì)更容易從對(duì)方那里得到消息。Can/Could/Will/Would you please do sth? 意為“你能嗎？”肯定回答用Sure./Of course./Certainly/With pleasure.愿意效勞/No problem/OK.否定回答用Sorry.I cant,I have to/Im afraid I cant等Can/Could/Will/Would you please

11、 not do sth? 意為“你能不嗎？”回答一般是Sorry, I wont do that/it again練習(xí):(1)Could you please help me choose an MP4 player online?.My computer doesnt work.A.I dont care B. I hope so C.Im afraid I cant(2)I cant find my seat.Could you show me,sir?.May I see your ticket,please?A.Sure B.I agree C.Good idea D.It doesn

12、t matter(3)you wait a few more minutes? Itll be your turn soon.A.Must B.Should C.Could D.Might(4)Would you please _ football near my home?   _.A. not to play, No                   B. not play, Ye

13、s, I will do that againC. not play, Sorry, I wont do that again    D. dont play, Sorry, I wont do that again(5)Could you please make me a kite? _ .A. Sorry, no problem B. Certainly, no problem C. Excuse me, I can' t D. No, can' t2.在英語(yǔ)中，疑問詞+to do形式 如：how to get to the park

14、可以作賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于how I can get to the park（賓語(yǔ)從句）如：I dont know how to solve the problem.=I dont know how I can solve the problem. Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave? 背：I dont know what to do=I dont know what I can do?I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation.What about you?I h

15、avent decided where_ .A.go B.went C.going D.to go3.常用的問路句子：Excuse me.Is there a post office near here?Excuse me.Which is the way to the post office?Excuse me.Could you tell me how to get to the post office?Excuse me.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?Excuse me.Could you tell me where

16、 the post office is? 4. get 意為“得到、買、到達(dá)”在英語(yǔ)中，有三個(gè)詞可以表示“到達(dá)”，但用法不同(1)arrive是不與物動(dòng)詞,后面需接介詞at 或in,再和表示地點(diǎn)的名詞連用.arrive at常跟一個(gè)較小的地方;arrive in常跟一個(gè)較大的地方.He arrived at the village at 7:30. I will arrive in Beijing tomorrow. (2)reach是與物動(dòng)詞,后面直接跟賓語(yǔ)I will ring you as soon as I reach Beijing.我一到就給你打(3)get是不與物動(dòng)詞,后面需加介

17、詞to,再跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞.Please write to us when you get to Beijing.注意:get和arrive后跟表地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí),則不需接介詞.My father often gets home early.我父親經(jīng)?；丶以?5. get sb sth=get sth for sb意為“為某人買/拿來某物”Why dont you get her a scarf? =?Get me a cup of tea.=Get a cup of tea for me.6.與buy有關(guān)的常用句型(1)buy sb.sth=buy sth for sb意為“給某人買某物” Sh

18、e buys her friend a present.=.(2)buy sth from意為“從某處買某物”She buys a present from the store.練習(xí)：I want to buy a shirt _ my father.A. toB. onC. forD. in7.sell sb sth =sell sth to sb.意為“把某物賣給某人”I sold my car to my younger brother.=.8.turn left向左轉(zhuǎn) turn right向右轉(zhuǎn)9.go past the bank=pass the bank 經(jīng)過銀行動(dòng)詞是pass，常

19、用短語(yǔ)pass by. Onmy way home,I pass by a bank.10.區(qū)分between和among(1)between指在兩者之間，常用短語(yǔ)between and“在和之間”Lily is between Ann and Tom. (2)among意為“在之間”指在三者或三者以上之間 He sits among the children. The workers will build a new railroadthe two cities. A.since B.between C.as D.during11.go along=go down=go up意為“沿著向前走

20、”，多指沿街、道路、河邊或堤壩向前走。 Go along this road,and youll find the bank at the end.12.on the right/left,表示“在右邊、左邊”on ones right/left意為“在某人的右邊、左邊”There is a park on your right.13.beside介詞，意為“在旁邊；在附近”They lived in a small village beside a river.14.a pair of意為“一雙、一對(duì)、一副、一條”用來修飾由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的物體。如trousers,jeans,glasses,

21、shoes,socks等。a pair of shoes一雙鞋.two pairs of shoes兩雙鞋this pair of shoes這雙鞋.these pairs of shoes 這些雙鞋注意：這些詞組的中心詞是pair,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)取決于pair(1)Would you like to have a look at some pants?They may fit you well.Well,Id like to try those blue.A.pairs B.one C.pant D.pair(2)A pair of shoesunder the bed.The shoes

22、mine.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are15.on the third floor.在三樓There is a bankthe second floor. A.at B.on C.in D.with16. a woman teacher一個(gè)女老師 two women teachers兩個(gè)女老師17.區(qū)分through,across和past(1)through指“從物體的空間或部穿過”穿過 forest(森林)、window(窗戶)和cloud(云)時(shí)用throughThey walked through the forest yesterday.(2)

23、across指“從物體表面穿過”穿過road(馬路)、street(街道)和江河湖海時(shí)用across. We walked across the street.(3)past表示從旁邊經(jīng)過、路過。 The man is walking past a shop. (1)Can a plane flythe Atlantic Ocean?Yes,but it needs to gothe clouds for hours.A.across;throughB. through;acrossC.across;acrossD. through;through(2)You can go(cross) th

24、e street when the traffic lights turn green.(3)I think its exciting to trekthe jungle. Do you think so?A. past B. across C. over D.through18.already 意為“已經(jīng)”，yet意為“還”都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，區(qū)別是already用于肯定句中，yet用于疑問句和否定句中。1.I have watered the plants already.(改為否定句)I watered the plants .19.suggest doing sth.建議做某事Sh

25、e suggested going there by bike. suggest的名詞是suggestion.Thanks to your(suggest),I got to complete the job in time.20.on ones way to意為“在某人去的路上” Yesterday I met a friend of mine on my way to school. on my way home.在我回家的路上。On my wayschool,I passa fruit shop every day.A.to ;by B.to;past C.in;with D.of ;f

26、or21.在英語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣使用名詞所有格來表示人們生活或工作的地方；習(xí)慣使用表示職業(yè)的名詞所有格，表達(dá)該職業(yè)人員工作的場(chǎng)所；使用某人的名字的所有格，表達(dá)某人的家。如at the doctors（office）在醫(yī)務(wù)室 at the barbers (shop)在理發(fā)店 at my uncles (house) 在我叔叔家Many people are waiting _ now. A.at doctors B.at the doctor C.in the doctor D.at the doctors22.辨析Lets和Let us. (1)Lets表示向?qū)Ψ教峤ㄗh，包括說話方和對(duì)方在，其反意疑問

27、句形式是shall we.Lets go fishing,shall we? (包括說話方和對(duì)方在) (2)Let us表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方允許，不包括對(duì)方在，其反意疑問句形式是will you.Let us go,will you?讓我們?nèi)?，好嗎?只指說話方，不包含對(duì)方)23. start相當(dāng)于begin后面既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式又可以接動(dòng)名詞形式。start to do sth=start doing sthbegin to do sth=begin doing sth (1)The weekend talk will begin at 10 oclock.(選出同義選項(xiàng))A.start B.end

28、 C.open D.work(2)Tiger Woods started _ when he was only ten months old.A. golf（打高爾夫球） B.golfer C. golfing D.golves24.修飾形容詞比較級(jí)的詞有：a lot (多),a little(有點(diǎn)兒),a bit(有點(diǎn)兒),much(多),even(甚至),等(1)Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5,Grandpa?The programs on Channel 10 arebetter.A.more muchB.

29、much moreC. more D. much(2)What a hot day!The weather report says it will be eventomorrow.A.coolerB. hotter C. wetter D. colderSection B1. inexpensive意為“不昂貴的”，其同義詞為cheap，反義詞為expensive/dear The sweater is inexpensive.注意：在英語(yǔ)里，我們說到things時(shí)，要用“expensive,cheap”，說到price時(shí)，要用“high,low”2. safe是形容詞，意為“安全的”，副詞是

30、safely，意為“安全地”。名詞是safety，意為“安全”。反義詞是dangerous意為“危險(xiǎn)的”I am safe now. We arrived there safely.Please fasten your seat belt for your safety. 3.動(dòng)詞不定式常作后置定語(yǔ)，意為“的”。a good place to eat吃飯的好地方。something to eat一些吃的東西 a room to live in一個(gè)居住的房間Why dont you go out to play,Rose?Im afraid I cant.I have much homework

31、.A.do B.does C.doing D.to do4. polite是形容詞，意為“禮貌的”，politely是副詞，意為“禮貌地；客氣地”。impolite是形容詞，意為“不禮貌地”，impolitely是副詞，意為“不禮貌地；不客氣地”。(1)Tom thinks people will help him if he asks for help(polite). (2)We should speak to the old. A.polite B.politely C.impolite D.impolitely5.correct可作形容詞，意為“正確的，恰當(dāng)?shù)摹保喈?dāng)于right。副詞

32、是correctly. correct還可作動(dòng)詞，意為“改正”。 I can tell you the correct answer. He answered the teachers question correctly. You must correct your mistakes.6.direct是形容詞，意為“直接的；直率的”；其反義詞是indirect，意為“間接的”；副詞是directly，意為“直接地”。 This is because it is a very direct question.7. 區(qū)分because of和because(1)because of其后不接句子。

33、We didnt go fishing yesterday because of the heavy rain.(2)because其后接句子.He is late for shool because he gets up late (1)Liu Xiang had to give up the racehis foot.A. because of B. because C. though D.even if(2) Mary didn't get to the party yesterday_ she didn't feel well.A. if B. because C. b

34、ut D. until8.動(dòng)詞后加-or構(gòu)成的名詞有：visitor參觀者 actor男演員 inventor發(fā)明家9.區(qū)分like/such as和 for example(1)like做介詞，意為“像”，用來列舉同類人或物中的幾個(gè)例子，后面不能有逗號(hào)，相當(dāng)于 such asThere are many kinds of fruit in the supermarket,like /such as apples,bananas and pears.(2)for example意為“例如”，列舉同類人或物中的一個(gè)例子，其后要用逗號(hào)隔開。Id like to keep a pet,for exa

35、mple, a cat.(1)Many heroes are ready to help others,Lei Feng,.A.such as B. like C. for example D. example(2) Many girls like red,Ann and Lucy.A. that is B.for example C. namely D. such as10.include是動(dòng)詞，意為“包括，包含”。 including可用作介詞，意為“包括”。 The price includes both the house and the furniture in it. There

36、are seven people in my family,including my grandparents.11.區(qū)分spend,pay,cost和take (1)人+ spend(spent)+時(shí)間/金錢+(in)doing sth或 on sthI spent five dollars (in)buying the book.I spent five dollars on the book.(2)人+pay(paid)+金錢+for sth I paid five dollars for the book.(3)物+cost(cost)+人+金錢 The book cost me fi

37、ve dollars.(4)It takes(took)+人+時(shí)間+to do sth.It took me five hours to finish homework.(1)Im afraid itllyou much time to work out the problem.A.spend B.use C.need D.take (2)I300 for the bike.A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid(3)You look really cool in the new dress, dear. How much did you _ it?A. ask for B.

38、 think about C. find out D. pay for (4) Do you take exercise every day?Yes.I alwaysthirty minutes walking after supper.A.spend   B.cost  C. take      D. pay(5)The T-shirt looks nice on you! How much does it?I justten dollars for it.A.take,afforded  

39、B.cost;paid C.cost;spent  (6)It took me two hours _ my homework last night.A. to finishB. finishingC. finishD. for finishing12.thank sb for (doing) sth. thanks for (doing) sth.意為“因（做）某事而感某人” Thank the boy for his advice. Thank you for(=Thanks for) teaching us so well.Thanks very much for ime to

40、 your birthday party.13. would like“想要”= want后面接三種形式(1)would like sth“想要某物”Id like some dumplings. (2)would like to do sth“想要做某事” Theyd like to play football after school. (3)would like sb to do sth.“想要某人做某事”Shed like me to go shopping with her. (1)Id like them _（stay）for dinner with us.(2)They want

41、 some green tea.（同義句）They _ _ _ green tea. (3)My brother would like_ a friend of _. A. to see, him B. seeing, him C. to see, his D. seeing, his14. Would you like sth?用于委婉的提出建議，或征求對(duì)方意見?？隙ù鹫Z(yǔ)：Yes, please. 否定答語(yǔ)：No, thanks. Would you like some tea? Yes, please. /No, thanks.15.Would you like to do sth?用于委

42、婉的提出建議，或征求對(duì)方意見?？隙ù鹫Z(yǔ)：Yes, Id like/love to 否定答語(yǔ)：Id like/love to,but +不能去做某事的理由?；騍orry, +不能去做某事的理由。 Would you like to go swimming with us? Yes, Id love to/Sorry,I have too much homework to do.注意: 帶would like和Could you please的句子, 用于委婉的提出建議，或征求對(duì)方意見。所以變成疑問句時(shí)some不變成any,something不變成anything.(1)Would you like a cup of tea? _. A. Id like milk B. Yes, I would C. Youre welcome D. Yes, please (2)Shed like some rice. （改為一般疑問句）_ she _ _ rice?(3)Would yo