小升初語法專題練習(xí)：副詞和介詞

1、小升初語法講義一介詞和副詞介詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)介詞的定義和介詞的用法介詞的分類以及用法介詞用于固定短語中教學(xué)重點(diǎn)介詞的分類以及用法教學(xué)難點(diǎn)介詞的選擇和使用問題介詞的定義：介詞一般位于名詞或代詞之前，在句中不單獨(dú)做任何成分。介詞本身有獨(dú)立的含義，但意義不夠完整，在句中使用時(shí)，后面必須接有賓語構(gòu)成介詞短語后，才能表達(dá)完整的意義。介詞短語在句中常作狀語、定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。介詞的用法：(一)表示時(shí)間的介詞的用法：1. at, on, in(1) at在句中用在鐘點(diǎn)之前。意為在點(diǎn)鐘“如：at six在6點(diǎn)(2) at用在固定短語中。如：at noon 在中午； at this time of year 一年

2、這個(gè)時(shí)候(3) on常用于表示具體的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短語中。如：on themorning of June 在6月5日的早上；on a cold winter night在一個(gè)寒冷的冬天的夜里；on May 20 th在5月20日(4) on用在星期前。如：on Sunday在星期日(5) in用于年、月前面，季節(jié)、世紀(jì)前以及固定短語中。如：in 2008 在 2008 年；in October 在 10 月；in spring 在春天；in the twentieth century 在二十世紀(jì)； in his twenties 在他二十多歲時(shí)；in the morn

3、ing / afternoon / evening 在早上 /T午 /晚上2. before ,after, inin是以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來一段時(shí)間以后，常用于一般將來時(shí)態(tài)中。eg: I will come back in three days.我三天以后回來。after是以過去為起點(diǎn)，表示過去一段時(shí)間以后，常用于過去時(shí)態(tài)中。eg: She went after three days她三天以后走的。before表示某時(shí)刻或某時(shí)間之前”時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)句子而定。eg: Check your papers carefully before you hand them in,【典例精析】Mrs. Brow

4、n came to China 1996.A. onB. ofC. to,D. in【答案】D【解析】in用于年、月前面，季節(jié)、世紀(jì)前以及固定短語中隨堂小練習(xí)1()1. He often goes school six thirty the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at; in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to()2.a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.A. inB. onC. atD. for()3. Joan hopes to come back three days.A

5、. after B. for C. in(二)表示地點(diǎn)方位介詞的用法：1. at, inat后跟小地方，in后跟大地點(diǎn)2. in, on, toin表示在某一范圍內(nèi)的某方位。on表示與某地相鄰關(guān)系。to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位，不屬于該范圍?！镜淅觥縎hanghai lies the east of China.A . in B. on C. to【答案】A【解析】in表示在某一范圍內(nèi)的某方位。隨堂小練習(xí)21. Shandong lies the east of Hebei.A . inB. onC. to2. China lies the west of Japan.A . inB.

6、onC. to(三)表示手段方式的介詞的用法：in, by, with, on 表示 用“(1) by主要指利用交通工具。即：“by珞詞原形”或 行為手段by+v-ing形式"。如：I go toschool by bike every day.(2) in主要指"用某種語言"或"用工具、材料”以及方式(way)等。如： I often write in ink / pencil.He can say it in a different way.(3) on主要表示行走或站立時(shí)所用的身體部位，或利用交通工具。即：“on宛，/形容詞性物主代詞 +交通工具名

7、詞”或接表示媒體的名詞。此時(shí)相當(dāng)于over。如： People walk on foot. But some people can walk on hand.注意：“on / in輻，/形容詞性物主代詞+交通工具名詞”這種交通方式的表達(dá)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“by改通工具名稱”。例：on a bike = by bike如果交通工具名詞為car,習(xí)慣上用in ,其他多用on。如：He learns English on TV.(4) with主要指某一具體的勞動(dòng)工具、材料或用身體部位。如：We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 我們用 眼睛看 ,用耳朵聽.

8、【典例精析】He can say it a different way.A . in B. by C. with D. on【答案】A【解析】in主要指"用某種語言"或"用工具、材料”以及方式（way）等。隨堂小練習(xí)31. People say it English.A . inB. byC. withD. on2. He learns English listening to cassettes.A . inB. byC. withD. on3. He often goes to school a bus.A . inB. byC. withD. on4. Th

9、ey like writing a brush.A . inB. byC. withD. on用于固定短語中一、介詞的含義，介詞（虛詞），不能在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成分。它總是用于名詞、代詞、或 相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞類或短語活從句前。中考需要掌握的 11 個(gè)介詞：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before （一）表示時(shí)間的介詞1、表示較長時(shí)間（長于一天或短于一天）如：年、年份、月份、季節(jié)、周、上午、下午、 晚上以及一些習(xí)慣用法中要用介詞“in?！眎n 1996 / in_2002 / in_1847 （年份）in October / in Febru

10、ary / in_March（月份）in the morning / injthe afternoon / in_the evening 在上午 / 下午 / 晚上in those days 在當(dāng)時(shí) / in no time 立亥U / in the daytime 在白天 / in the future 在將來 / in one minute在1分鐘內(nèi)/最后也the end2、表示時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)（或表示某時(shí)刻）如：鐘點(diǎn)、年齡或其它的習(xí)慣用法中要用“at”al ten o ' cloclaf seven thirty.（表示某鐘點(diǎn)）al noon / at night / atmidni

11、ght（在中午、 晚上、半夜一天中相對(duì)短暫的時(shí)間）at that time在那時(shí)/ at the moment這時(shí)、那時(shí)、此刻 / at first 首先 / at last 最后=in the end / at once 立刻、馬上 / at / on （the） weekends 在周 末/在一年中的這個(gè)時(shí)候 at this time of year /在開始/結(jié)束時(shí)at the beginning /end of。3、表示某一天或者特定（某一天上下午）的時(shí)間用介詞“on”on Monday / onTuesday / on_Wednesday / on_Fridayon January

12、1 / on April 18 / on_May31 on January 1, 1988 / on April 18, 2002 / onMay 31, 1977 值日 on duty / 準(zhǔn)時(shí) on time /4、表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間用介詞“for?！?“for+”段時(shí)間”for hundreds of yearsfor two hours / for three days5、表示從一點(diǎn)時(shí)間到另一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的一個(gè)階段用介詞“from to ”from 9 o ' clo（tk 11 o ' clock from February toApril from then on 從那時(shí)候

13、起（用于一般過 去時(shí)）,from now on從現(xiàn)在起（用于一般將來時(shí)），from time to_ time 時(shí)不時(shí)地（二）表示方位的介詞在樹上 in the tree / 在同一個(gè)班 jn the same class / 在北京 jn Beijing在世界上 in the world / 在河里 in the river / 在城市 jn a city在陽光下in the sun /在北方in the north / in_ China 在中國在第五中學(xué) in_ No. 5 Middle School在的前部 in the front of 在前面 jn frontof 在中間/ （內(nèi)部

14、）角落 in the middle /corner of（三）固定用法：1. 住院 in hospital / 在露天 in the open air / 躺著看書 read _in bed用英語in_ English /穿紅色的in red /以方式inway of 表示大地方，表示空間、地域或者物體內(nèi)部應(yīng)用in,或表示在范圍之內(nèi)。2. 在的盡頭 at the end of/在大門口 at the gate / 在第二個(gè)十字路口at the second crossing在公共7車站 at the bus stop /在校讀書at school /在家at homeat the statio

15、n / airport / zoo / post office atjthe front door / at_the cinema / supermarket / 表示較小的地方，表示空間的某一點(diǎn)，出入口等，選 at3. 在墻上 on the wall / 在的另一邊 on the other side of / 在左邊/右邊 on the left/right在左 /有手邊 on the left/right hand side / 在火車上 on the train 固定用法：訪問 on a visit to展/覽on show在去 的路上 on the way to on my head

16、 / nose表示附著在表面上，覆蓋等，表示接觸的面上、邊上、線上，用 ono比較： a hole jn the floor / wallThere are many apples on the tree.There are many birds in_ the tree.幾組表示位置關(guān)系的介詞比較1. Japan is _in the east of Asia. 2. Japan is to the east of China.north3. Korea is on the northeast of China.westsouthC is on the east of A.east隨堂小練習(xí)

17、參考答案1. BBC2. B C3.A B D C常用介詞練習(xí)()1. Many people work the day and sleep night.A. on ;at B. in ; in C. in ; at()2. He speaks Japanese best the boy students.A. between B. with C. among()3. A wolf a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.A. with B. in C. on()4. They sent the letter to me mistake.A. byB. for

18、C. with()5. He left home a cold winter evening.A. atB. on C. in()6.my father ' s help, I have finished my composition.A. UnderB. On C. with()7. He ' s very strict himself and he' s very strict his work.A. with ;in B. in ; with C. with ; with()8. I really can ' t agree you.A. toB. on

19、C. with()9. The shop won t open nine in the morning.A. untilB. atC. during()10. How about the flowers now?A. watering B. are wateringC. watered()11. She spent all his money books.A. inB. with C. on()12. They are talking low voices.A. withB. inC. on()13. It ' s very kind you to help us.A. forB. t

20、o C. of()14. What will you have breakfast this morning?A. withB. for C. by()15. A plane is flying the city.A. onB. over C. above()16. You are free to speak the meeting.A. atB. in C. on()17. Mr. Green will stay in China Friday.A. toB. onC. till()18. It ' s wrong to play jokes other people.A. onB.

21、 ofC. with()19. Which color do you like? I prefer blue red.A. forB. as C. to()20. The student will give us a talk how to use our spare time.A. forB. onC. in()21. I paid two hundred yuan that kind of bicycle.A. inB. forC. on()22. The doctor is very kind his patientsA. toB. onC. at()23. We can ' t

22、 live air.A. inB. withC. without()24. The child was afraid the strange sound.A. at B. for C. of()25. He was very angry her for being late.A. for B. with C. at()26. What do you think _ the play?sureA. about )27. I think it it.B. likeC. of's the right way to work out the problem, but I am notA. do

23、)28. ReadingA. under ;for)29. I wonA. byB. about the sun isnB. in ; for't ask about it, IB. forC. of't gooybuC. in ; to' m going to see itC. withmy own eyes.)30. We go to school every dayA. exceptB. withoutSunday.C. on)31. There is a small river the two townsA. in B. between C. among)32.

24、 Li Lei sometimes falls asleep the lesson.A. forB. through)33. Mr. Black went to ParisA. forB. inC. duringa few days.C. after)34. They will leave London next month.A. toB. from C. for)35. Are you going to the zoobus ormy car?A. on ;by參考答案：1-5 CCBABB. by ; in C. on ; in6-10 CACAA11-15 CBCBC16-20 ACAC

25、B31-35 BCACB21-25 BACCB26-30 CBBCA副詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理副詞的定義以及分類副詞的考點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)副詞的變化以及副詞的使用教學(xué)難點(diǎn)副詞的變化以及用法1 .概念:2 .作用:3 .分類:副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句的詞。 用來說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度和方式等。 .時(shí)間副詞如 .地點(diǎn)副詞如 .程度副詞如 .方式副詞如 .疑問副詞如 .頻度副詞如now , then, today, yesterday here, there, home, so, very, much, too fast, quickly, earlyhow, where, when, whatalwa

26、ys sometimes, often, usually副詞的形式 一、形容詞+lyslow-slowly quick-quicklyquiet-quietly二、輔+y結(jié)尾的形容詞,happy-happily easy-easilyy 改 i+ly三、少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾，去e+ly;多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾，直接+lytrue-trulywide-widely四、形容詞與副詞同形fast-fasthard-hard early-early late-late 五、不規(guī)則變化good-well考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一：副詞的位置1.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。The old man walked slowly.

27、這位老人走得很慢。2 .副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞前。The book is very interesting. I like it very much.這本書彳艮有意思，我彳艮喜歡。He plays quite well.他表現(xiàn)得相當(dāng)好。3 .副詞修飾數(shù)詞時(shí)，通常位于數(shù)詞前。The woman is over forty, but she looks young. 這女人四十多了,但看起來去K艮年輕?！镜淅觥縏he children look very today.They are playing in the park.A. happy; happy B. happil

28、y; happily C. happy; happilyD. happily; happy【答案】C【解析】100k為系動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞，用happy. Play為動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞修飾，所以選擇happily.隨堂小練習(xí)11. The dress is expensive. I can' t afford it.A. too B. toC. two D. not2. She sings very. A. goodB. well考點(diǎn)二副詞的比較等級(jí)1.副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成副詞有三個(gè)比較等級(jí)原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。副詞比較等級(jí)分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。I.副詞比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化情況改法原級(jí)比較級(jí)單音

29、節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音 節(jié)詞詞尾加erfasthardfasterharder以字母e結(jié)尾的單音 節(jié)詞詞尾加rlatelater兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上音節(jié) 的詞在此前加moreeasily quicklyMore easilyMore quicklyn副詞比較級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化常見副詞比較等級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化表原級(jí)比較級(jí)最局級(jí)wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarther/further二、副詞原級(jí)及比較級(jí)的用法 （一）副詞的原級(jí) 副詞的原級(jí)用于兩個(gè)人或事物的比較，有肯定結(jié)構(gòu)和否定結(jié)構(gòu)兩種形式。A.肯定

30、結(jié)構(gòu)as+副詞原級(jí)+as,意思是：.和.一樣。Li Lei studies as hard as Zhang Tao.李磊和張濤一樣刻苦努力。B.否定結(jié)構(gòu)not as+副詞原級(jí)+as或not so+副詞原級(jí)+as,意思是：.不及.Li Lei studies not as/so hard as Zhang Tao.李磊學(xué)習(xí)不及張濤刻苦?！镜淅觥緿oes he work as as Tina.A. hard B. harderC. hardly【答案】A.【解析】as as中間加副詞原級(jí)隨堂小練習(xí)21. She can sing IA. as good asB. as better asC.

31、 as best asD as well as2. Steve works not as as Kelly. He often makes mistakes in his writing.A. carelessB. more carefullyC. carefullyD. most carefully（二）副詞比較級(jí)副詞的比較級(jí)用于兩個(gè)人或事物的比較，結(jié)構(gòu)：副詞比較級(jí)+than,意為 比.更.”Lily runs faster than Lucy. 麗麗比露西跑得快。 【典例精析】The girl in red sing than the girl in blue.A. well B. goo

32、dC. best D. better【答案】D.【解析】副詞的比較級(jí)用于兩個(gè)人或事物的比較，結(jié)構(gòu)：副詞比較級(jí)+than,所以選擇D,修飾sing用well,而better為well比較級(jí)。隨堂小練習(xí)3Who gets up（early）, Tim or Tom?（三）副詞的最高級(jí)三者或三者以上的比較最”要用最高級(jí)，也就是說，副詞的最高級(jí)用于至少三個(gè)人或事物的比較。副詞最高級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“（the ） +副詞最高級(jí)+比較級(jí)范圍”，意為“最。形容詞最高級(jí)前面必須加定冠詞the,但如果最高級(jí)前面有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時(shí)，則不用定冠詞。形容詞最高級(jí)常與由介詞in或of引導(dǎo)的表示范圍的短語連

33、用。若介詞后的名詞或代詞與句中的主語是同一事物，則用 of短語；當(dāng)只說明是在 某一空間、時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)的比較時(shí)，則用in短語。【典例精析】Of the three cinema, you can buy movie tickets at Town Cinema.A. more quicklyB. most quicklyC. quickerD. quickly【答案】B.【解析】副詞的最高級(jí)用于至少三個(gè)人或事物的比較。此題有三個(gè)電影院，此外。副詞最高級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“（the ） +副詞最高級(jí)+比較級(jí)范圍”。所以選擇B。隨堂小練習(xí)4Of three students, Tom runs.A. fastB

34、. faster C. fastest隨堂小練習(xí)參考答案1. A B 2.D C 3.earlier4. C.寫出下列副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。hard fastearly wellcarefully littlefar badly二.用副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Joan dances. She dances than Rose.But Mary dances in her class.(well)2. Which do you like(well), apples, oranges or pears?3. My mother always gets up in our family, but yesterday my father got up than she. (early)4. Can a plane