新托福長(zhǎng)難句精析-名詞性從句

1、1. What is particularly meaningful to anthropologists is the realization that although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically, the materials by no means determine what is done 解析：（三個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的從句，第一個(gè)作主語，第二個(gè)與第三個(gè)都作賓語；that至句末的部分作 realization 的

2、同位語 ）分句 1： What is particularly meaningful to anthropologists is the realization分句 2： although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically分句 3： the materials by no means determine what is done 2和 3 并列1 和 2， 3 嵌套， 2 和 3 是 1 中 the realization

3、的同位語 譯文 ：對(duì)人類學(xué)家有著特殊意義的是這樣一種認(rèn)識(shí)： 盡管一個(gè)社會(huì)能夠得到的材料可能在一 定程度上限制或影響它在藝術(shù)上的作為，但這些材料絕對(duì)不能決定該社會(huì)所做的事情。2. As a result ， claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore

4、 解析：（同位語從句claims that）分句 1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health分句 2： claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore分句 2 嵌套分句 1，分句 1 作為分句 2 主語的同位語從句嵌套在分句 2 中。因此本句的主句 是 claims have become

5、 widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. （那些觀點(diǎn)廣為人知， 并成為一些民間說法的基礎(chǔ)。 ）同位語從句是 that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health ：只食用綠色食品就能 防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康譯文 ：結(jié)果， 那些認(rèn)為只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康的觀點(diǎn)廣為人知，并成為一些民間說法的基礎(chǔ)。3. There are nu

6、merous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones ， that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like 解析：（并列同位語從句 reports that ，that，that）分句 1： There are numerous unsubstantiated

7、 reports 分句 2： natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones 分句 3： that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs 分句 4： that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like 分句 1 是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句的主句，分句2、分句 3 和分句 4 是并列關(guān)系，共同構(gòu)成分句 1 的同位語從句。本句的意思是有很多沒有經(jīng)過證實(shí)的報(bào)道， 然后并列了三個(gè)未經(jīng)過證實(shí)的報(bào)道的從

8、句。 譯文 ：關(guān)于天然維生素優(yōu)于人造維生素， 受精蛋比未受精蛋的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值更高， 未經(jīng)熏蒸消毒 處理的谷物比經(jīng)過處理的好等等報(bào)道屢見不鮮，但都沒有得到證實(shí)。4. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly 解析：（同位語從句fact that）分句 1. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fa

9、ct 分句 2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North 分句 3.though less spectacularly （省略） 1和 2 嵌套 1和 3 并列譯文 ：南方極為嚴(yán)重的困境使北方同樣需要開始重建 （盡管不像南方那么引人注目）這一事實(shí)顯得不太重要。5. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain o

10、f rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent, the two captains set out解析 ：（同位語從句 rumors that ）分句 1： Amid rumors分句 2： that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region 分句 3： and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent 分句 4： the two captains set

11、out分句 1 和分句 4 構(gòu)成倒裝， 正常的語序應(yīng)該是分句 4+ 分句 1，即 the two captains set out Amid rumors。分句 1 嵌套分句 2 和分句 3，分句 2 和分句 3 是修飾分句 1 的 rumors 的同位語從句，用來 說明謠言的具體內(nèi)容。分句 2 和分句 3 構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。譯文 ：當(dāng)時(shí)有一些傳言， 說有史前的猛犸在這一陌生的區(qū)域活動(dòng)， 而且在這一區(qū)域的某個(gè)地 方有一座巨大的鹽石山， 其面積達(dá) 80 英里長(zhǎng) 50 英里寬。就在這些傳言中， 兩位上尉出發(fā)了。6 People in the United States in the nineteent

12、h century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos 解析 ：（同位語從句 prospect that ）分句 1. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect 分句 2. unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring

13、social chaos 1 和 2 嵌套， 1 是主句， 2 具體解釋說明 prospect譯文 ： 19 世紀(jì)的美國(guó)人因?yàn)楹ε聡?guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)中史無前例的變化會(huì)帶來社會(huì)混亂這一前景而提 心吊膽。7 Keen observers and quick learners ，they are astute about the intentions of other creatures ， including researchers， and adept at avoiding them 解析 ：（并列同位語 keen observers and quick learners）分句 1. they are

14、astute about the intentions of other creatures, including researchers 分句 2. and adept at avoiding them譯文 ：烏鴉是敏銳的觀察家和快捷的學(xué)習(xí)者，它們對(duì)其他生物（包括研究人員 ）的意圖感覺非常敏銳，并且善于躲開它們。8.Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false 解析：（out ofinto 擺脫，進(jìn)入 ；that引導(dǎo)的從句