初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講動(dòng)詞不定式用法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上9Aunit3語(yǔ)法（一）動(dòng)詞不定式用法 動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。但動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞特征，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等多種成分。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，組成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式的肯定形式是todo；其否定形式是not todo。 下面以動(dòng)詞不定式在句中的作用來(lái)予以詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。 1作主語(yǔ) 可以直接作主語(yǔ)。如： To see is to believe 但在英語(yǔ)中，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)即動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tr

2、icks on other people It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在It is adj（形容詞）to do sth或 It is n（名詞）to do sth句型中，it僅作形式主語(yǔ)。 2作賓語(yǔ) awant，decide ，agree等動(dòng)詞后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如： We agreed to start early She wants to be a doctor blove，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等詞后面可以接不定式。 點(diǎn)擊

3、規(guī)律：上述動(dòng)詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接動(dòng)名詞，意思無(wú)很大區(qū)別。 提示板：like doing指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，而like to do指一次性的動(dòng)作。如： I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now我喜歡游泳，但我現(xiàn)在不想游。 cstop，forget，remember，go on ，try等詞或短語(yǔ)后面可以接不定式。 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：上述動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意思大不相同。 提示板： 1）stop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came i

4、n，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk 當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，學(xué)生們停止說(shuō)話；當(dāng)老師走出去時(shí)，學(xué)生們又開始說(shuō)話。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等詞或短語(yǔ)后面接不定式和動(dòng)名詞用法有何區(qū)別？ d在findfeelitadjto do sth句型中，it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the

5、 text 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：某些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后面既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過(guò)造句子加以區(qū)分，如上面stop例句。 3作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) atell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等詞后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如： I tell him not to go there by bus Edison's mother taught him to read and write blet，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch， notice后面接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。

6、如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板：若變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號(hào)to要加上。如： They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room 4作定語(yǔ)：放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面 例句：I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 點(diǎn)

7、擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式若在句中作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾的名詞、代詞之后。 提示板：如果動(dòng)詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，若動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，切記不要忘掉介詞。如： I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with？ 5表語(yǔ)：放在連系動(dòng)詞be后面 例句：His wish is to become a scientist The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives 當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通

8、常對(duì)連系動(dòng)詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說(shuō)明。 6作狀語(yǔ) a目的狀語(yǔ)：放在go，come，use，live，in order等詞后面。如： I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time b原因狀語(yǔ)：放在sorry，glad，surprised， disappointed，excited等詞后面。如： I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you c作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如： Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large

9、 enough to hold 1000 people 7與what，who，whose，when，where， how等疑問(wèn)詞連用，作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)等。如： I don't know what to do next（賓語(yǔ)） He taught us how to use the computer（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） It's still a question how to get there（主語(yǔ)） 1. Don't forget _ the letter.A. to send      B. send &

10、#160;    C. sending      D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit          B. sit on     C. be sat        D. be

11、sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. this         B. that       C. it           D. which4. I'm afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke  

12、   B. smoking   C. smokes      D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling       B. boiled    C. boil          D. to boil6. On my way home, I

13、stopped _ some food.A. buy         B. to buy     C. buying       D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash      B. washing   C. wash  

14、;      D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _, but it'll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaning    B. to be cleaned    C. clean      D. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to

15、 him   B. to visit him    C. visiting him    D. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink    B. to drink    C. not drinking    D. drinking 一. 用動(dòng)詞不

16、定式或ing分詞填空1. I enjoy_.(sing) 2. What do you want_(do) next ?3. I learnt _(swim) when I was three years old. 4. I was very upset and started_ (cry).5. I hope _(see) you again soon. 6. It is a fine day today, so I suggest_(go) for a walk.7. Have you finished _ (mop) the floor.8. He was very angry and

17、refuse _(say)anything.9. Where is Lily ? I need _(talk) with her.10. I am too fat, so I have decided _(do) more exercise.二. 選出正確答案( )1. I usually go _ with my mother at weekends. A. shop B. to shop C. shopping( )2. He is not old enough _ to school. A. to go B. go C. going( )3. The man admitted _the

18、bank. A. rob B. to rob C. robbing( )4. People must stop _down trees. A. to cut B. cutting C. cut( )5. Id rather_ a cup of coffee. A. to have B. having D. have( )6. Mike managed to give up _. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke( )7. I am sorry to have kept you _ for such a long time. A. to wait B. waitin

19、g C. wait( )8. She has a nice voice. I often hear her_ in the morning. A. singing B. to sing C. sing( )9. I dont like traveling by boat, it always makes me _sick. A. to feel B. feeling C. feel( )10. Let me_ you around the city. A. show B. to show C. showing( )11. I put the flowers on the porch_ from

20、 the rain. A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. to be protected( )12. Kathy decided _ hard and make herself_ behind the others. A. to work; not fall B. working; not to fall C. to work; fall D. working; to fall( )13. She forgot_ the TV when she left home. A. to turn off B. turned off C. turnin

21、g off D. turn off( )14. My parents want me _ good marks. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got( )15. The doctor asked Mary _the medicine three times a day. A. not to remember taking B. not to forget taking C. not to remember to take D. not to forget to take( )16. His job is_ the students meetings. A. o

22、rganize B. to organize C. organizing D. organized( )17. What about_ a letter to your friend on the Internet ? A. try sending B. try to send C. trying sending D. trying to send( )18.Let him_ it by himself. A. to do B. doing C. did D. do( )19. The customers watched the unusual bird_ in the inn. A. dan

23、ce B. to dance C. danced D. dancing( )20. At the police station, the boy admitted _ the necklace at last. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. steal( )21. It is impossible _. A. for me to go to bed early B. to me to go to bed early C. for me go to bed early D. to me go to bed early( )22. I remember_

24、my wallet here. But I cant_ now. A. putting; find B. to put; finding C. to put; be found D. putting; be found( )23. Could you tell me _ work out the problem ? A. how B. how can I C. how to D. how will I( )24. I saw a little boy_ a kite yesterday afternoon. A. flew B. fly C. to fly D. flying( )25. Hi

25、s jokes made us all _. A. to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughing( )26. Its very kind of you_ me with my English. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps( )27. He promised_ me a nice car. A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. to have bought( )28. Mother told me _ walk along the river. A. do not B. not to C

26、. to not D. not( )29. Her ambition is _ an engineer. A. become B. to become C. be D. /( )30. Youd better _a rest now. A. to have B. have C. having D. had( )31. Thank you for _me the secret. A. telling B. tell C. to tell D. told( )32. I used to_ in the countryside, now I am used to_ in the city A. li

27、ving; live B. living; living C. live; living D. live; live( )33. The detective is busy_ clues and he has _ some valuable proof. A. looking for; find B. finding; looked for C. looking for; found D. find; looked for( )34. This film is worth _. A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. saw( )35. I was allowed to

28、play football after_ my homework. A. do B. did C. doing D. done( )36. China is becoming _. A. strong and strong B stronger and strong C. stronger and stronger D. strong and stronger( )37. The population of China is larger than _ of America. A. those B. that C. it D. this( )38. Our city is getting _

29、. A. more beautiful and more beautiful B. more and more beautiful C. beautifuler and beautifuler D. beautiful and beautiful( )39. Taxis in Shenyang are cheaper than _ in Beijing. A. that B. it C. this D. those( )40. I prefer_ basketball to _ football. A. playing; playing B. playing; play C. play; pl

30、aying D. play; play（二）句子的種類可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。1. 凡是說(shuō)明一件事情，提出一個(gè)看法，或者表達(dá)一種心情的句子都是陳述句。大多數(shù)的句子都是陳述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句號(hào)“.”，通常用降調(diào)。掌握陳述句的肯定式和否定式的構(gòu)成及用法。e.g. We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我們住在天津。We don't live in Shanghai. （否定句）我們不住在上海。注意：（1）在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定式中，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要改成第三人稱單數(shù)形式。e.g. John studies Chinese very well

31、. （2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定式要加助動(dòng)詞do （does）, did. e.g. I don't like swimming. 我不喜歡游泳。He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午飯。They didn't play football yesterday. 他們昨天沒(méi)有踢足球。 2. 掌握一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成、用法和答語(yǔ)。注意在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句要加助動(dòng)詞do（does）, did. e.g. Do you often speak English

32、at school ? 在學(xué)校你常講嗎？Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟嗎？Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ? 昨天晚上做作業(yè)花了你2個(gè)小時(shí)嗎？What do you often do on Sundays ? 星期日你常常干什么？When does your father get up every morning ? 你父親每天早晨幾點(diǎn)鐘起床？Why didn't your teacher come to school ye

33、sterday ? 昨天你們的老師為什么沒(méi)來(lái)學(xué)校呢？ 提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對(duì)方選擇一種，這種疑問(wèn)句叫選擇疑問(wèn)句。結(jié)構(gòu)是：“一般疑問(wèn)句or一般疑問(wèn)句”，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。說(shuō)明or前面部分用升調(diào)，后面部分用降調(diào)。e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ? 她的兄弟是一個(gè)藝術(shù)家還是個(gè)醫(yī)生？Would you like tea or coffee ? 你愿意喝茶還是喝咖啡？Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ? 我們是周六還是周日去電影院？反意疑問(wèn)

34、句表示提問(wèn)者有一定的主見，但沒(méi)把握，希望對(duì)方來(lái)證實(shí)。注意反意疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：肯定的陳述句否定的疑問(wèn)句（縮略形式）或：否定的陳述句肯定的疑問(wèn)句（縮略形式）兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。特別要注意否定的疑問(wèn)句中的助動(dòng)詞必須縮寫，主語(yǔ)（最后一個(gè)詞）必須是代詞而不能是名詞。e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasn't she ? 你姐姐曾經(jīng)去過(guò)上海是嗎？The boys didn't find anything , did they ? 男孩子們什么也沒(méi)找到/發(fā)現(xiàn)，是不是？在回答反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，要根據(jù)事實(shí)而定，事實(shí)是肯定的要回答Yes

35、 , ，事實(shí)是否定的要回答No, . e.g. He isn't going to the meeting , is he ? 他不去參加會(huì)，是嗎？Yes , he is . 不，他要去。No , he isn't. 是的/對(duì)，他不去。It didn't snow last week , did it ? 上周沒(méi)有下雪，對(duì)嗎？Yes , it did. / No , it didn't. 不，下雪了。是的，沒(méi)下雪。 3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)。指讓對(duì)方做某事，動(dòng)詞要用原形。表示請(qǐng)求，命令、建議等。e.g. Go back to y

36、our seat , please. 請(qǐng)回到你的座位上去。Don't make so much noise. 不要吵吵鬧鬧。Let's go to school together ! 咱們一起上學(xué)去吧！（let's是含有第一人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句）Let him help the child. 讓他幫助那個(gè)孩子。（let him是含有第三人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句）注意：否定形式是Let's （us , me）+not +動(dòng)詞原形e.g. Let's not say anything about it. 對(duì)于這件事，咱們什么也不要說(shuō)了。4. 表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感情時(shí)用感嘆句，理解由What和How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的語(yǔ)序和感嘆句的使用方法。How和What與所修飾的詞放在句首，其它部分用陳述句語(yǔ)序。在口語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)常省略。（1）ho