名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的講解-小學(xué)英語語法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上小學(xué)英語語法集訓(xùn)之一:第一課 名詞I. 名詞分類：可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞1、 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)不清（沒有復(fù)數(shù)）例如：drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings 2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面加不定冠詞a(an)，表示一個，有復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，不可數(shù)名詞不能與不定冠詞a(an)連用，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式many“很多”+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much“很多”/a little “一點”+不可數(shù)名詞some, a

2、ny , a lot of (lots of) 兩者都可以修飾。3、可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時需要用 數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of + 名詞對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many 對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how much 4、不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法：1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。注意既可以與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，又可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。例：There is much water in t

3、he bottle. Ill tell you much good news.we should collect some useful information. 2）用單位詞表示。用a . of 表示。如a cup of （一杯.），a bottle of （一瓶.）a piece of （一張.），a pair of shoes（一雙鞋）如two cups of tea（兩杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五張紙）注意單位詞后的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式；千、百等數(shù)詞與名詞加用，表示復(fù)數(shù)時，數(shù)詞仍保持單數(shù)，名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。如two hundred student

4、s（200名學(xué)生）ten thousand trees（10000棵樹）考點He caught a lot of fish他抓到了許多魚（此處為許多條魚，fish的復(fù)數(shù)仍為fish）5、可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。名詞單數(shù)就是該詞本身，在其前面加a或an。1）單數(shù)如a desk（一張桌子）an old desk（一張舊書桌）2）復(fù)數(shù)：要表示一個以上概念時，要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則變化1）一般情況下加-s如bookbooks, deskdesks, cat-cats, bed-beds2）以s ,x ,ch , sh結(jié)尾加-es如boxboxes, busbuses, brush-brushes, wa

5、tch-watches 注意以th結(jié)尾加-s, month-months stomach-stomachs 3)以輔音字母+結(jié)尾，變y為i再加- es。如city-cities(城市) country-countries(國家) 注意以元音+y，直接加s。如：day-days(天)，boy-boys(男孩) 4)以f或fe結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)變f或fe為v再加-es如knife-knives(書) , half-halves(一半) (thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf) 注意有少數(shù)詞后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋頂)

6、 5)以o結(jié)尾(1)輔音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西紅杮) potato-potatoes(土豆) (2) 元音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-s 如piano-pianos (鋼琴), zoo-zoos(動物園) photo-photos (照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠) kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero 兩種方式都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零) 不規(guī)則變化1) 元音字母發(fā)變化。如man-men(男人) ， woman-women(婦女) tooth-teeth(牙齒) ， foot-feet(腳) mouse-mice

7、(老鼠) ， policeman-policemen(警察) policewoman-policewomen(女警察) 2) 詞尾發(fā)生變化。如child-children(小孩) ， ox-oxen(公牛) 3) 單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如fish-fish(魚) ，sheep-sheep(綿羊) ，deer-deer(鹿) ，Chinese-Chinese(中國人) ，yuan-yuan(元) ，jinn-jinn(斤) 注意不說an English，要說an Englishman. fish作魚肉講時不可數(shù)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)。fishes指各種不同種類魚或指幾條魚。4) 形似單數(shù)，實為復(fù)數(shù)意義。如peo

8、ple(人，人們)these people (不說a people，可說a person) police(公安，警察)ten police (不說a police，可說a policeman) 5) 由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)將名詞及man或woman都變成復(fù)數(shù)。如a man driver-men drivers(男司機) a woman doctor-women doctors (女醫(yī)生) 6) 合成名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如passer-by-passers-by(過路人) bus driver-bus drivers(汽車司機) 注意如果沒有主

9、體名詞，就在最后一詞上加-s。如：grown-up-grown-ups(成年人) letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱) 注意hair和fruit通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。若表示若干根頭發(fā)或若干種水果，則需用這兩個詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃點水果？we bought a lot of fruit from the market. 我們從市場上買了許多水果，china has some good frits. 中國有一些好的水果。(指種類) she has a few white hairs. 她有幾要白頭發(fā)。his

10、 black hair is going white. 他的黑發(fā)逐漸變成灰白色。注意wind ,snow和rain這類詞，有時也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示多次的風(fēng)、雪或雨。注意以boy 和girl開頭的復(fù)合名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時，一般只把后一名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。如 boy student-boy students(男學(xué)生) girlfriend-girlfriends(女朋友) 7) 有些名詞只有作復(fù)數(shù)。如scissors(剪刀) a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(褲子); shorts(短褲); jeans(工裝褲); scales(天平), sunglasses(太陽鏡);名詞

11、+man(woman)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常與簡單名詞一樣，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。如Englishman-Englishmen(英國人) Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen(法國婦女) 注意German不是復(fù)合詞，它的復(fù)數(shù)是Germans。練習(xí)：一 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1. this _ 2. watch_ 3. child _ 4. photo _ 5. diary _ 6. day _ 7. foot _ 8. dress _ 9. tooth _ 10. sheep _ 11. box _ 12. peach_ 13. sandwich

12、_ 14. man _ 15. woman _ 16. city _ 17. zoo _18. country _ 19. mouse _ 20. car _ 21. fox _22. tree _ 23. horse _ 24. bus _ 25. leaf _26. life _ 27. thief _ 28. book _ 二 按要求填入單詞的適當(dāng)形式1. Two _ live in this building. (family)2. Look at those _. (child)3. I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)4

13、. There are some _ on the table. (glass)5. Would you like some _? (bread)6. I have two _. (sister)7. I like _. (cat)8. Do you want some _ for supper? (potato)9. He has two _. One is old, the other is new. (watch)10. In autumn, you can see a lot of _ on the ground. (leaf)11. I have two _. (knife)12.

14、There are two _ in the zoo. (fox)13. There are many _ on the road. (bike)14. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (child)15. The _ are playing football now. (student)16. Please take two _ for me. (photo)17. I like the red _. (tomato)18. Would you please clean your _ now? (tooth)19. Do you want some _? (

15、milk)20. There are ten _ _ in our school. (English teacher)三 選擇下列正確的單詞或詞組。 1. Do you drink much (milk, milks)?2. I visited (Tom, Toms) house yesterday. 3. He had two (cup, cups) of tea. 4. This is (Tom and Marys, Toms and Marys) house. 5. Give me a (piece of, X) paper, please. 6. I dont want (a, an)

16、 old cap. 7. Look at those (sheep, sheeps).8. There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class. 9. How many (radioes, radios) can you see?10. That bag is my (fathers, fathers bag). 四 將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1. This is a knife. _2. That is a tomato. _3. That child is very lovely. _4. An Englishman stood there. _五. 寫出下列名詞

17、和詞組的所有格1. a sister _2. a boy _3. today _4. a baby _5. a camel _6. men _7. birds _8. two days _9. John and Mary （兩人共有的）_10. John and Mary （兩人各自所有的）_六選擇1. The _ in near our house are very beautiful.A. cloth B. water C. flowers2. Tom is one of the Chinese _ in our school. A. boy B. toys C. boies3. A ca

18、t has four _, doesnt it?A. foots B. feet C. feets4. There are three _ and five _ in the room. A. American, Japanese B. Americans, Japanese C. American, Japanese5. Can you see nine _ in the picture?A. fish B. books C. horse6. The _ has two _. A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch7. The _ are f

19、lying back to their country. A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans8. The girl brushes her _ every day before he goes to bed. A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths9. I saw many _ in the street. A. peoples B. people C. peoples10. The green shirt is his _. A. brother B. brothers C. brothers 11. They come from diffe

20、rent _. A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys12. How many _ do you see in the picture?A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato13. They are _. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher14. Would you like _, please? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters15. There are some _ in these _. A. knifes pencil-boxes B. knives pe