非謂語動詞講解(超全)

1、 非謂語動詞復習非謂語動詞: a.動詞不定式 to do b.現(xiàn)在分詞/ 動名詞doing c.過去分詞done概述：1.謂語動詞：在句子中擔任謂語的動詞2. 非謂語動詞：是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分 (有一個特殊情況：過去分詞不具備名詞性，所以補充當主語或賓語。）非謂語動詞使用條件：一個簡單句中有且只有一個謂語動詞一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個謂語動詞, 又沒有連詞的情況下, 應使用非謂語動詞。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handb

2、ag on her seat.所有的非謂語動詞的否定都是在其前面加 NOT動詞不定式一動詞不定式的變體動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，由不定式符號(to)加動詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式的形式有五種： 主動被動一般式完成式進行式例如：I like to read English.例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.例如：The work is to be done soon.例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospita

3、l yesterday.二. 動詞不定式的用法I.作主語 To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。It is a great enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ） It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for me to finish

4、this work before ten. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作賓語 接不定式做賓語I want to know this matter.(1)常見動詞有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等(2)it作形式賓語I

5、 find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him3. I feel it my duty to change all that. 2.We think it important to obey the law.下列詞接動名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動詞：stop to do 停下來去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘記要做 forget doing 忘記做過re

6、member to do 記得要做 remember doing 記得做過regret to do 遺憾要做 regret doing 后悔做過try to do 企圖做，盡力做 try doing 試著做go on to do 繼續(xù)做（另一件事） go on doing 繼續(xù)做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waitingBoys, don't

7、forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. restRemember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning

8、off(4)一般說來，介詞后接動詞通常應是動名詞。但是介詞but(except也一樣)卻比較特殊，其后接動詞時，可以接不定式，并且這個不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to，“前有do,后無to”I have no choice but to wait.：1. 當其前的謂語含有實義動詞do(可以是各種形式)時，其后的不定式通常不帶to：She will do anything but play chess. 她除了下棋外什么都愿干。He did nothing all day except watch TV. 他一整天除了看電視什么也沒做。2. 當其前的謂語沒有某種形式的實義動詞do時，其后的不定式通

9、常要帶to：They had no choice but to obey. 他們別無選擇只有服從。He wanted nothing but to stay here. 他除了想呆在這里外，其他什么也不想。3. 當其前含有實義動詞do但不是用作謂語時，其后的不定式帶不帶to均可，但以不帶to為多：Theres nothing to do but (to) leave. 只好離開。There was nothing to do but (to) wait. 除了等沒有其他的辦法。4. 在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不帶to的不定式I cant do

10、 anything but go out with her.III.作賓語補足語1. Ill get someone to repair the recorder for you. 2. What caused him to change his mind? advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, r

11、emind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意：（1）在動詞feel （一感），hear, listen to（二聽），have, let, make（三讓），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補足語中，不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，必須帶to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作賓語補足語的不定式可以帶to,也可以不

12、帶to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. He is often heard to sing the song. Though he often made his deskmate cry, today he was made to cry by his deskmate.3) IV作定語 不定式所修飾的詞前面有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級或only修飾 She is always the last to leave the room. 不定式為不及物動詞且和所修飾的名詞是動賓關(guān)系時，須加介

13、詞 .I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on .Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with 不定式主表被問題 I have a lot of homework to do.V.作狀語 不定式作狀語可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因。I came here to see youHe hurried to the school to find nobody there. (出乎意料的結(jié)果）We we

14、re very excited to hear the news（常見形容詞后常用不定式）對比To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.不定式的主動形式表示被動意義I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry. 動名詞一. 動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞的基本構(gòu)成 主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式完成式No one

15、likes being laughed at.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.二.doing的功用 Smoking does great harm to peoples health.（作主語）It is no use crying. It is no good objecting My job is looking after children.（作表語） I have finished reading the novel.（作賓語） We have got a swimming pool in our sch

16、ool.（做定語）常見的動詞有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.短語: be/get used to ,be accustomed to,cant help/stop, cant stand , give up,feel like, look forward to, get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in

17、),put offe.g.She sat there without speaking. doing主動表被動: The room wants cleaning. The method needs improving. This pair of shoes require mending. The question is well worth _discussing_ (discuss)d）動詞 “l(fā)ike, love, hate, prefer”后接動名詞表示“習慣性動作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動作”。例如：I like swimming, but I dont like to s

18、wim this afternoon. doing的復合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞前可以加一個 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示 這個動名詞邏輯上的主語 ，構(gòu)成動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)或動名詞短語a.動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞。例如： Nixons visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.尼克松訪問中國標志著中美外交關(guān)系進入一個新的時代Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.b. 在口語和非正式語體中，只要不是作

19、主語，動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.分詞（一）分詞的作用 現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動，動作正在進行。過去分詞表示：被動，動作已經(jīng)完成。1作定語Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2作表語We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作賓語補

20、足語I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4作狀語While lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the towe

21、r, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.(When they heard the bad news)3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)4. I stood by the

22、 door, not daring to say a word. Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing)To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well) 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為

23、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.Given more time, we could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.由There being +主語 這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he

24、often studied till midnight. with + 復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（1）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞 Dont speak with your mouth full.（2）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞 The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.（3）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語 He was asleep with his head on his arms.（4）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞She felt very nervous with

25、so many people looking at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.（5）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式 With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.（6）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -en分詞 With his matter settled, we left the room.【2012全國卷II】 Tony lent me the money, _ that Id d

26、o as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped【2012全國卷II】 The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy_ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn of

27、f the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【2012安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked【2012重慶】23. _to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film

28、. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【2012重慶】28. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. made D. having been made【2012全國】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A.

29、permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit【2012全國】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.

30、to correct D. correcting【2012北京】27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use【2012北京】31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock【2012福建】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to

31、 prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. attacking B. having attacking C. being attacked D. having been attacked【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to reali

32、ze D. being realized【2012陜西】15. _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand【2012陜西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet【2012山東】26. George returned

33、 after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 【2012山東】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _.A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 【2012湖南】21. Weve had a good start, but next, more work n

34、eeds _ to achieve the final success.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 【2012湖南】23. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being starti

35、ng C. to start D. to be started【2012天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched.A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left【2012江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students.A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken【2012江西】35. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered【2012遼寧】25. The old couple often take a walk after