牛津版小學英語名詞講解及練習、答案

1、小學英語名詞講解及練習一、名詞：名詞是所有事物的名稱，包括人、物及抽象概念。名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞兩大 類。名詞在句子中作主語，賓語或表語等。1 普通名詞 普通名詞是某類人、 事件、 物體和抽象概念的名稱。 根據(jù)所指代物體的特征， 普通名詞又可分為以下四類：A. 個體名詞：表示人或物體中可以數(shù)清的單個體。如：student（學生）、pen （鋼筆）、bird（鳥）等。B. 集體名詞：（即集合名詞）表示由個體組成的集合體。如：people （人民）、police （警察）、 family （家庭）等C. 物質名詞：表示構成物體物質的不可數(shù)名詞，或表示無法分為個體的物質的名詞。女口： wate

2、r（水）、air （空氣）、 wood （木頭）等。D. 抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質、情感等非具體化的抽象概念。如：work （工作）、peace （和平）、 love （愛）等。2. 專有名詞 ： 專有名詞是某些人、事物、機構、組織等特有的名稱。主要包括：人名、 地名、國名、黨派名稱等。如： Churchill （丘吉爾）、 Tokyo （東京）、 China （中國）等。 二、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1）可數(shù)名詞 ： 一般來說個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞 有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式。例如： a book, two books, a student, three s

3、tudents, a family, many families。名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)變化如下：1. 詞尾直接加 S 如： cat cats bag bags day days2. 以 S, SH, CH, X 結尾的詞加 ES 如： class classes match matches box boxesdish dishes3. 以輔音加 Y 結尾的詞變 Y 為 I, 加 ES. 元音加 Y 結尾的詞直接加 S,如 ： partyparties citycities storystoriesboy toys monkeymonkeys key keys等.4. 以 F 或 FE 結尾的詞 ,

4、變 F 或 FE 為 V, 加 ES,如：wife - wives half- halves注意特殊情況直接加"S”，要逐個記chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs.5. 以輔音加 O 結尾的詞常加 ES, 如： tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加 O 結尾直接加 S.女口:radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情況:photos6. 名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)特殊變化也要逐個記得如： man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth,goose-geese, foot-feet, child-children, mouse-

5、mice2）不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計算包括物質名詞 （ air, water 等） 及抽象名詞 （advice, hate） 等。所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。如： English, air, water, cotton, work,不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時，可以用量詞來表達（量詞有復數(shù)形式）其結構是數(shù)詞+量詞+0F+名詞。如： a bottle of water,two cups of tea,three pieces of paper注意事項：1 .不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)變化，不能用A, AN,但可用THE,或不用冠詞，如：bread is the usualbreakfast.2.雖然不可數(shù)名

6、詞沒有復數(shù)變化，但量詞超過一時要加復數(shù)。如： three cups of coffee, five bottles of water3 .有量詞修飾時注意名詞是否可數(shù)，不可數(shù)時用單數(shù)，可數(shù)時用復數(shù)，女口： ten bags of rice-ten baskets of eggs跟蹤練習I. 找出下列笑話中的可數(shù)名詞，并寫出其復數(shù)形式：In the market, a buyer asked a seller“ How much is this cat, please?” “ 100 dollars.” “ But you only asked fordollars yesterday! ” “

7、Yes, that 's true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!II. 找出不可數(shù)名詞，在橫線上打勾，并將可數(shù)名詞變成復數(shù)形式：homework _half _advice_money _knowledge _boot _blood _music _chicken _heat _mouth _bread _information _milk _cow _tear III. 選擇填空：1. The deer has four .A. foot B. feet C. feets

8、D. foots2. Her two brothers are both .A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans4. Two would come to the village.A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5. Can you

9、 see nine in the picture?A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6. The has two .A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7. The boy often brushes his before he goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8. The Japanese will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. woman B. w

10、omen C. man D. men9. There are lots of in the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 參考答案： KEYS:B C C C A C C A C B名詞復數(shù)規(guī)則1 .一般情況下，直接加 -s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 結尾，力口 -e

11、s，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3. 以 輔音字母 y"結尾，變 y 為 i,再力口 -es,女口： family-families, strawberry-strawberries4 .以"或fe '結尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives Leaf leaves5 不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,child-childrenfoot-feet,.to

12、oth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese練習：1. He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live onhis.alittle wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages2. Most of the houses in the village were burnt to d u ri n g the war.a. an ash b. the ash c.

13、 ash d. ashes3. The students at colleges or universities are making for the coming New Y ear.a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation4. Painting in is one of their spare-time activities.a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn

14、't oil here.a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many6. The large houses are being painted, but .a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense7. The room was small and contained far too .a.much new furniture c. much new furnituresb. many new furniture d

15、. many new furnitures8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the .a. rooms number b. room number c. room 's numbers d. room numbers9. Computers can do work in a short time, but a man can not do by himself.a great many many c. much a great dealb. a great deal

16、of mudh many a great many10.She didn 't know he had been given.a. how many information c. how many informationsb. the number of information d. how much information11. He invited all of his to join his wedding party.a. comrade-in-armsc. comrades-in-armb. comrades-in-armsd. comrade-in-arm12. All t

17、he in the hospital got a rise last month.a. women doctorsc. woman doctorsb. women doctord. woman doctor13. After ten years, all these youngsters became.a. growns-upsc. growns-upb. grown-upd. grown-ups14. The police investigated those about the accident.a.stander-byc. standers-byb.stander-bysd. stand

18、ers-bys15. The Nazi kept those in their concentration camp.a.prisoner-of-warsc. prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war16. The manager was greatly appreciate that made by Linda lately.a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels17. Mary ' s dsrseis similar in appearance to

19、her .a. elder sister b. elder sisterc'. selder sisters d. elder sisters dress18. All the people at the conference are .a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacherb.mathematics teachers d. mathematic ' s teachers19. Professor Mackay told us that of lead are its softness and its resistance.a

20、.some propertyc. propertiesb.some propertiesd. property20. Physics with matter and motion.a.deal b. deals c. dealing d. are21. He has written several books, but his last works well known among his friends.a.have b. have been c. is d. are22. After he checked up my heart, the doctor advised him to res

21、t for a few days.a.father-in- law 's c. father -in'-lasw5b.father-in-lawd. father -in'- slaw 's6#23. He told me would come to his birthday party.a. many Jack friends c. many Jack ' s friendb. Jack ' s many friends d. many friends of Jack's24.I had my hair cut at the aroun

22、d the corner.a.barber b. barbers c. barber 'sd. barbers '25. Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at .a.Peter and Helen 's c. Peter and Helenb.Peter and Helens d. Peter ' s and Helen 'ss energy.26. receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suna. The earth '

23、; s surface c. The surface of earthb. The surface earthd. The earth surface#27. Numerous materials are available toa. today of designersc. today ' s of designersb.today ' s designersd. today designers#28. Why did you speak to Peter that way? Don' t you know he is an old friend of ?a. my

24、brother b. my brothers c. my brother 'sd. my brother ' s friend29. is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.a.This John ' s old friend c. That ' s Jahn ' s old friendb. This old friend of Johnd. This old friend of John's30. is too much for a little bo

25、y to carry.a.A bike ' s weightc. The weight of a bike b.The weights of a bike d. Bile ' s weight31. Generally there are television programs for children on Saturday.a. little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of32. When they got to the lecture-room, there were left.a.only few se

26、ats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats33. travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.a. A little mailb. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail34. The Department purchased to improve the working conditions there.a. a new equipmentc. new equipmentsb. a new

27、piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments35. The boy tried hard but there has been in his work.a. little improvement c. many improvementsb. a little improvement d. few improvements36. Today ' s modern TV cameras require light as compared with the earlier models.a.only a few b. only fewc. on

28、ly a little d. only little37. No country can afford to neglect .a.an education b. educationsc. education d. the education38. Please write the answers to the questions at the end of .a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight39. is only surpassed by that of monkeys '

29、 and apes '.a.The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogsb.The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent40. All must take the graduate Management Admission Test.a. business student b. business 's studentcs. business students d. business ' s student41. anywhere in the Unit

30、ed States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.a.Three minutes callc. A three-minutes callb.Three-minute calld. A three-minute call42. The about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem.a. public ' s chief concern c. chief public concernb. public chief concernd. chief conce

31、rn of public's43. the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinentalrailroad.a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were44. can get a better view of the game than the participants.a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-on

32、s45. A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who at the scene of the accidentswithin minutes.a. were b. have been c. was d. has been46.Our livestock not as numerous as they used to be.a. is b. are c. be d. been47.One of the most surprising things is that may come from petroleum.a.much of t

33、omorrow foodc. many of tomorrow ' s foodb. much of the food of tomorrowd. much of tomorrow ' s food48.Scott is an orphan but he received .a.very good educationc. a very good educationb. very good educations d. many good educations49. After several day' s hardworking, we have made on the

34、design.a.much improvementc. many improvementb. several improvements d. some improvement50. The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a yesterday.a. shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoes ' s shopd. shoe 's51. Eggs, though nourishing, have of fat content.a. large numb

35、er b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount52. He has done some on that subject from various angles over the past ten years.a. research b. a research c. researches d. the researches53. Recently, he has lost all his .a. wage and saving at card c. wages and saving at cardb. wages and savi

36、ngs at cardd. wages and savings at cards54. The country ' s wealth comes chiefly from its many .a.herd of cattleb. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles55.In Britain the are all painted red.a. letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letters ' s box56. Ten years had

37、passed. I found she had .a.a little white hairc. a few white hairb.some white haird. much white hair57. All his far from satisfactiona.conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is d. conducts will be58. Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, was done.a.a few damages b. few damag

38、esc. little damaged. a little damage11#59. He was what to do.a.at his wit end b. at his wits endc. at his wit ' s end d. at his witss end#with me?60. Would you like to have a cup of tea and a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toasts d. tow pieces of toasts61. Accurate covering the fact are not obta