仁愛英語8年級下冊U8Topic2學(xué)科講義無答案

1、Unit 8 Our ClothesTopic 2 We can design our own uniforms.復(fù)習(xí)：賓語從句1 含義：當(dāng)一個句子充當(dāng)動詞或介詞的賓語時，這個句子就稱之為賓語從句。賓語從句與主句之間由從屬連詞來連接。I think that its a beautiful park .主句 引導(dǎo)詞 從句Can you tell me where you would like to go ?Do you know what you should take ?You should decide how you will go there .二賓語從句的考點：1.語序：賓語從句的語

2、序要用陳述語序，即主語、謂語的順序不能顛倒。如：Do you know where he lives ? 你知道他住在哪兒嗎？Can you tell me when the plane will arrive?你能告訴我飛機(jī)將在什么時候到達(dá)嗎？We asked what Lily was doing then.我們問莉莉那時她正在做什么。Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning.小明想要知道今天早晨你是幾點起床的。Do you know that Lily didnt pass the exam?你知道莉莉沒有通過考試嗎

3、？判斷：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see?（）Can you tell me who（m）we have to see?（ ）2. 引導(dǎo)詞(1)當(dāng)賓語從句由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來時，用that來引導(dǎo)賓語從句,that作賓語時可以省略, 作主語時不能省略。如：The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音機(jī)報道說明天有雨。注意：介詞后邊的that不能省。李明是好學(xué)生，只是有時粗心。Li Ming is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.(2)當(dāng)

4、賓語從句是由一般疑問句變化而來時，要用whether 或if 來引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句要由疑問語序改用陳述句語序。if和whether 都意為“是否”，兩者通常能互換，但不可省略。如：I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已經(jīng)知道這個消息了。Im not sure .Are there UFOs?Im not sure if/whether there are UFOs.注意：whether不可以換用if的情況。從句中有or not時。I cant say whether this is true or not.從句

5、充當(dāng)介詞賓語。Im interested in whether she likes English.連接詞后接不定式時。I dont know whether to go or to stay.作主語時。Whether he will come is not decided. (3) 當(dāng)賓語從句是由特殊疑問句變化而來時，原句中的疑問詞充當(dāng)連接代詞（如： which, what, who ,whom,which）或連接副詞（如：how, where, why, when） 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句要由疑問語序改用陳述句語序。連接代詞在從句中做主語、賓語、表語、定語；連接副詞在從句中做狀語。如：Coul

6、d you tell me what he said to you?你能告訴我他跟你說了些什么嗎？我不知道誰會給我們作報告。I dont know who will give us a speech.I dont know .Whose dictionary is it?I dont know whose dictionary it is.They are talking about it.How can they do more for our country?They are talking about how they can do more for our country.3. 時態(tài)：

7、(1)當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句根據(jù)語境可以使用任何時態(tài)。如：我聽說她明天會到這兒。I hear she will be here tomorrow.請告訴我他昨晚做了什么。Please tell me what he did last night.他問我是否我來自美國。He asks me if I am from the U.S.A.舉例：I hear that Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago. Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow . Jim ( sing )

8、a popular song now. Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. 答案：was is will cook is singing has been was playing(2) 當(dāng)主句為一般過去時態(tài)時，通常情況下，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。如：Tom said (that) he usually got up at six. 湯姆說他通常六點起床。Nina told me (that) Linda was watching TV at home.

9、尼娜告訴我琳達(dá)正在家看電視。We asked what Lily was doing then.我們問莉莉那時她正在做什么。She said (that) she would see me at the same place the next day. 她說她第二天要在同一個地點見我。（3） 從句表示的是客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時, 不管主句使用什么時態(tài), 從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than sound.莉薩問光的傳播速度是否比聲音快。4.賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句的謂語是think, believe,

10、guess, suppose等表示“認(rèn)為、相信、猜想、期望”等意思的動詞時, 且主句的主語是第一人稱I/We, 時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時時, 從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來。I think it will rain tomorrow.I don't think it will rain tomorrow.I think this magazine is worth reading.I dont think this magazine is worth reading.但hope后接的賓語從句的否定不需要轉(zhuǎn)移。如：I hope you weren't ill. 需要特別說明的是：涉及到轉(zhuǎn)

11、移的只是not，not以外的其它否定詞，如no, never, hardly,few, little, seldom等，不必轉(zhuǎn)移。如：I believe my brother has never been late for school.We can imagine birds can hardly live without these woods.5.有些做表語的形容詞后也可以接賓語從句，如sure,glad,sorry，surprised等。如： Im glad that you get well so soon.很高興你這么快就好了。 Im so sorry that you faile

12、d the test.你考試沒過關(guān)，我真為你感到遺憾。練習(xí)：1. Could you please tell meC? Theyre over there. A. where are the restrooms B. where were the restroomsC. where the restrooms are D. where the restrooms were2. Excuse me. Do you knowAto buy some apples? Sure, theres a supermarket next to the bank. A. where I can go B. w

13、ho will help meC. what I should take D. when is the right time3.Do you think that the children need to make tea?的肯/否定回答。Yes,I think so./No,I dont think so(No,I think not).注意：hope 的否定回答只能用not.Will it rain the day after tomorrow?Yes,I hope so./No,I hope not.5.我想知道火車為什么晚點了。 I want to know _ the train i

14、s late. 答案：why6.The small children don't know _B_ Awhat is their stockings （長襪）in Bwhat is in their stockings Cwhere is their stockings in Dwhat in their stockings Section A知識點擊1. It depends on who will design our uniforms.它取決于誰來設(shè)計我們的校服。（1） depend on 取決于，依賴我不能確定明天我們能否去野餐。那要取決于天氣。Im not sure if w

15、e can go for a picnic tomorrow.It depends on the weather.你不能指望別人來幫你。You cant depend on others to help you.（2） who引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中做主語。我不知道誰會幫助我。I dont know who will help me.2. It's true that suitable uniforms can show good discipline.得體的校服能展示出良好的紀(jì)律，確實是這樣的。 (1)本句是一個由it作形式主語的復(fù)合句，真正的主語是that從句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為 It is

16、+adj.+that從句。 類似的用法還有：It is important/necessary/well-known.that從句 E.g:人們穿不同的衣服是很有必要的。 It is necessary that people wear different clothes. 眾所周知，太陽比地球大。 It is well-known that the sun is bigger than the earth. (2)suitable uniforms得體的制服3. Can you tell me what Miss Wang says? 本句為含有特殊疑問詞what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的復(fù)合句。 拆

17、散為兩個簡單句看看其變化： (1)Can you tell me ? (2) What does Miss Wang say ? 把特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)為賓語從句的變化步驟： 引導(dǎo)詞：特殊疑問詞(不能省略)； 語序：從句用陳述語序，即“主語+謂語+其他” 人稱變化 時態(tài)變化 E.g:Can you tell me ? Who are you waiting for ? Can you tell me who you are waiting for ? Do you know? Where is he from ? Do you know where he is from ?【拓展】直接引語與間接引語直

18、接引述別人的話，叫直接引語。被引用的部分放在引號里。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語，間接引語不用引號，在多數(shù)情況下是以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。 (1)人稱的變化一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新一隨主直接引語中的第一人稱根據(jù)間接引語中的主語作相應(yīng)的變化二隨賓直接引語中的第二人稱根據(jù)間接引語中的主句的賓語作相應(yīng)的變化第三人稱不更新直接引語中的第三人稱在間接引語中不發(fā)生變化She said, “I am tired.” 她說：“我累了?！盨he said that she was tired.她說她累了。The headmaster said to us，“You must study hard no

19、w.” 校長說：“你們現(xiàn)在一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)。”The headmaster told us that we had to study hard then.校長告訴我們，我們那時必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”Bill said that she was his elder sister. 比爾說她是他的姐姐。(2) 引導(dǎo)詞和語序直接引語 間接引語引導(dǎo)詞語序陳述句that(可省略)不變一般疑問句if/whether疑問語序改為陳述語序特殊疑問句wh-類詞疑問語序改為陳述語序如果直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時多用“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，

20、否定句在to前面加not; 引述動詞常用ask“請求”，tell“告訴”，order“命令”等?！癙lease sit down. ” Jim said to me. Jim asked me to sit down. 吉姆請我坐下。(3)時態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接引語的時態(tài)要與主句的時態(tài)一致。(4)指示代詞、時間和地點狀語等的變化直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthesethatthose時間狀語nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nig

21、htthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week地點狀語herethere方向性動詞bringcometakego（重）4.Could you tell me when you wear your uniforms? 你能告訴我你們什么時候穿制服嗎？ 1、when 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時譯為“什么時候”,“詢問具體時間”。 2、when 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時譯為“當(dāng)······時”，“就在這時”，此時無“詢問”的含義。 我不知道他

22、什么時候會來。 I dont know when he will come. （賓語從句）當(dāng)病人有需要時，他們能夠很容易地找到我們。Patients can find us easily when they are in need. （時間狀語從句）我正在讀書，就在這時電話鈴響了。I am reading when the telephone rings.（時間狀語從句）【拓展】when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句只能放在主句后面，而狀語從句放在主句前后都可以。練習(xí)：Can you tell me when you _will start_(start) out? When you _start_(star

23、t) out,I will see you off.5.And our uniforms may stop some people from doing bad things. 我們的制服可以防止一些人干壞事。 stop . from doing sth. = keep/prevent . from doing sth. 阻止，防止······干某事 E.g: 你無法阻止人們說出自己的想法。 You cant stop people from saying what they think. 她父母試圖阻止她和他見面。 Her pare

24、nts tried to stop her from seeing him. 知識拓展： stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正在做的事情） 如： Suddenly everyone stopped talking. 突然每個人都停下來不說話了。 stop to do sth. 停下（正在做的事）去做（另一件事）如： We stopped to take pictures. 我們停下來去照相。Section B知識點擊1.It is important to wear suitable clothes on every occasion.(1) 本句型為：It is +adj.+(

25、for sb.) to do sth. ，it是形式主語，真正的主語是to do sth. ，意為“（對于某人來說）做.是.的”。可以與It is +adj.+that . 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。E.g:保護(hù)環(huán)境對我們來說很重要。It is important for us to take care of the enviroment.=It is important that we should take care of the enviroment.(2) on every occasion 在每一個場合，occasion為可數(shù)名詞。在特殊的場合 on a special occasion2. Peo

26、ple should dress correctly.人們應(yīng)該正確著裝。（1） dress 穿衣，不及物動詞。女士們今晚穿得都很漂亮。The ladies dress beautifully tonight.【拓展】作及物動詞，賓語只能是某人或反身代詞，也可以在其后搭配in+衣服或顏色，即dress (sb.) in.。如：他太小，還不會自己穿衣服。He is too young to dress himself.她總是穿著黑色衣服。He always dresses in black.3. 賓語從句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換：由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為“特殊疑問詞to do”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。如

27、：I don't know what to say.=I don't know what I should say. 我不知道要說什么。Can you tell me how to get to the park?=Can you tell me how I can get to the park?The customer wants to know where to find the special shoes.=The customer wants to know where he/she can find the special shoes.特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式轉(zhuǎn)化為賓

28、語從句時，一要根據(jù)句意找出對應(yīng)的人稱代詞；二要根據(jù)語氣加上一個情態(tài)動詞。Section C知識點擊1. Firefighters wear special coats and helmets to protect themselves from heat and falling ceilings. 消防人員穿特殊服裝和戴頭盔是為了保護(hù)他們自己免受高溫和墜落的天花板的傷害。 (1)此句的“to + v.”意為“為了.” 是動詞不定式作目的狀語的用法。 E.g:我到北京去是為了參觀長城。 I will go to Beijing to visit the Great Wall. (2)protec

29、t. from. “保護(hù). 免受.的傷害” E.g:我們戴太陽鏡是為了保護(hù)眼睛免受陽光的傷害。 We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the sun. （3）heat n.高溫，熱量 v.把.加熱 我想燒些水。I want to heat some water. （4）falling ceilings 正在墜落的天花板，falling是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，強(qiáng)調(diào)“正在發(fā)生”2. When we see airline pilots wearing uniforms at the airport,we believe that they know ho

30、w to fly the plane. 當(dāng)我們在機(jī)場看見航空公司飛行員穿著制服時，我們相信他們知道怎樣駕駛飛機(jī)。 (1)when引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，在主句中又包含了由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，賓語從句中有一個how to fly.的“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)wearing uniforms 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，修飾airline pilots。3. So it's necessary for us to know different uniforms in the daily life. 所以對于我們來說了解日常生活中的不同制服是有必要的。 在日常生活中 in the da

31、ily lifeSection D知識點擊1.What people wear depends on their likes and dislikes. 人們穿什么取決于他們的喜好。 (1) what people wear 在句中充當(dāng)主語，叫主語從句，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 (2) 句中的like是名詞，意為“喜好，愛好”，反義詞為dislike，通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 E.g:我們都各有不同的喜好。 We all have different likes and dislikes.2. People in Canada and the United States usually wear suits

32、to work in offices, as well as for more formal occasions, just as people do in China.加拿大人和美國人像中國人一樣，不但在更正式的場合而且在辦公室上班時通常也穿西服。 as well as 還有，除.之外(也)。置于句中。 E.g:他們在城里有一棟房子，在鄉(xiāng)下還有一座別墅。They own a house in the city as well as a villa in the countryside.【典型例題講解】. 單項選擇。（10分）( )2. The old man still _ a thin c

33、oat though its winter. Maybe he needs help from the government.A. puts onB. wearsC. withD. in( )3. The dress looks _ _ you. Really? Then Ill take it. A. nice; inB. nice; onC. ugly; inD. ugly; on( )4. I think everyone should wear suitable clothes on every occasion. _. Different occasions, different c

34、lothes. A. Good luckB. Its my pleasureC. I agree with youD. The same to you( )5. Did Mr. White tell you _?Yes. He said he went there in 2019. A. when he traveled to TibetB. how he goes to WuhanC. where he spent his holidaysD. why did he visit Kunming( )6. Its necessary _ us _ obey the traffic rules.

35、 Youre right. Everyone has but only one life.A. for; toB. for; forC. to; toD. to; for( )7. Little Tom can mend the bike by _. Really? How clever!A. heB. himC. hisD. himself( )8. Sometimes the police wear casual clothes to _ special tasks. A. carry offB. carry onC. carry withD. carry out( )9. My fath

36、er often stops me from _ in the river alone. Hes right. Its too dangerous.A. swimB. swimsC. swimmingD. swam( )10. Nancy, as well as her parents, often _ shopping on Sunday afternoon.A. goB. goesC. wentD. are going【隨堂練習(xí)鞏固】. 情景交際。（5分）根據(jù)對話情景選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項，其中有兩項是多余的。A. I just like blue and green. B. Would you

37、like to choose one for me?C. Thank you. D. You're a little short,E. It looks so beautiful on you. F. It's a pleasure. G. You're a little fat,A: Hi, Mary. What a nice dress!B: 11 I just bought it yesterday. A: 12 I also want to buy one like yours. B: But I think it doesnt suit you. 13 so

38、youd better try a dark color. A: I dont like dark colors. 14 Because blue is the symbol of peace and green is the sign of spring, youth and energy. B: Oh, I see. Maybe you can try dark blue or dark green. A: All right. 15 B: Yes, Id love to. Lets go!11. 12. 13. 14. 15. . 完形填空。（10分）Clothes are import

39、ant in our life. Different people wear 16 clothes. Now lets 17 some people talking about clothes.Hello, my name is Betty. I started working this year, so Im able to get new clothes more often 18 before. There are different people in my working place every day. If someone sees me in 19 once, I dont l

40、ike to go out in it again. I like to wear bright colors and always dress up when I go to parties. I buy all kinds of clothes and I try to follow the latest way of 20 .Hi, Im Jack. I dont have much to say about clothes. Shopping 21 clothes isnt really the way of life Im interested in. Since Im still

41、at college, I dont really mind 22 I wear. I have two jackets and I often wear 23 . I know little about the way of dressing. I dont like the serious look.My name is Alice. Id like to say that my clothes have to be comfortable and make me 24 easy as soon as I put them on. Sometimes I buy clothes in so

42、me small marketstheyre less expensive there. I go shopping for clothes about once a month. If I see 25 and fit for me, I would maybe go for it there. ( )16. A. the sameB. differentC. beautifulD. comfortable( )17. A. listen toB. hearC. to listen toD. to hear( )18. A. asB. likeC. thanD. long( )19. A.

43、somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything( )20. A. dressB. dressingC. dressesD. to dress( )21. A. ofB. inC. forD. on( )22. A. whatB. whoC. whereD. when( )23. A. itB. themC. theirD. they( )24. A. to feelB. feelsC. feelingD. feel( )25. A. something comfortableB. anything comfortableC. comfortable so

44、methingD. comfortable anything【課后強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】. 閱讀理解。（30分）(A)We often see people in different offices wear different clothes. In America, a businessman goes to work in a dark suit, with black shoes, socks and a tie. A reporter goes to work in old blue jeans, a work shirt and sneakers(運動鞋). These two kinds o

45、f clothes are suitable for their work. If you are a college student who will leave school soon, before starting a job, you have to buy some new clothes. And youd better have a look at“what everyone else is wearing”in the office. On certain(某種) kinds of business occasions men wear only suits with whi

46、te shirts and dark ties. On others, men can wear jackets.Dressing is very important. Without it, there is no successful fashion. It would be helpful if everyone looks at himself in the mirror before leaving home every morning. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正(T)誤(F)。( )26. Its very common to see people in different offic

47、es wear the same clothes. ( )27. If you are a student, youd better know “what everyone else is wearing” in an office before working there. ( )28. Suits with white shirts and dark ties are for men on certain kinds of business occasions. ( )29. A reporter often goes to work in a dark suit. ( )30. Dres

48、sing is important for successful fashion. (B)One of the problems career people(上班族) have in the morning is dressing for the office when there will be an evening party immediately followed, with no time to return home to change. The easiest solution is to keep a full set of toiletries (洗漱用品) and make

49、-ups stored somewhere at the office. A woman going to an evening party should dress in one of her “basic dresses” in the morningthe kind that can change into a different look with an added scarf or jewelry. In fifteen minutes, when her office day has ended, she can metamorphose(徹底變化) herself into an

50、other person with freshly cleaned teeth, combed hair, a new face, a different and dressier(漂亮的) pair of shoes, and some sparkling jewelry. If she must wear a long dress for the party, she should bring it to the office in a protective bag and store it safely until she has to put it on. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。

51、( )31. Whats a problem for the career people from this passage?A. They must wear uniforms at work. B. They have no dresses to wear. C. They often have no time to change clothes for an evening party after work. D. They have to go to the party. ( )32. The easiest solution is _. A. to keep a full set o

52、f toiletries and make-ups stored somewhere at the officeB. not to go to the partyC. to take a taxi homeD. to finish work earlier( )33. If a woman is going to a party, she should wear _ in the morning. A. a nice dressB. a “basic dress”C. her uniformD. casual clothes( )34. How long does it take a woma

53、n to change herself at least?A. About five minutes. B. About fifteen minutes. C. About half an hour. D. About fifty minutes. ( )35. If a woman must wear a long dress for the party, she should _. A. wear it in the morningB. buy one in the shopC. borrow one from her workmateD. bring it to the office(C)Most middle school students wear un