大學英語四級改革閱讀理解新題型—匹配題練習最新

1、大學英語四級改革閱讀理解新題型匹配題練習1Caring for elderly parents catches many unpreparedA Last July, Julie Baldocchi，s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn"t prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocch

2、i, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Bald

3、occhi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,” she says. “But I didnt even know how to find help.”B With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventuall

4、y hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, youre never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an ad

5、ult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.C While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. The directive in

6、cludes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will

7、that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “Its invaluable for the kids, because its hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder- law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in

8、Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the

9、parents legal guardian, says AgingC.D Its important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents，preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But its not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their c

10、hildrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a thre

11、e-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it

12、 will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth.E Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesnt pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing hom

13、e in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home. F Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide perso

14、nal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, its not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.G If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long a

15、s they can, according toAARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift fo

16、r her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.H Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parents finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors" appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained bu

17、rden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mothers home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasnt able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the role that I would have

18、, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, its literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. Its not just about advance planni

19、ng for finances or medical care. Its everything,” she says.I Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a thing as caregiver burnout, ” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife

20、. “Its a hard job,” Walker says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. Its only natural that I be here for her now.”46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult

21、care facility.47. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their childrens financial motives.48. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.49. The difference between a durable power

22、of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment.50. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.51. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in th

23、e USA in 2009.52. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.53. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may burn out or become depressed.54. One will have to petition the court to be the parents legal guardian, if the

24、re is no advance directive.55. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid. 答案與解析Section B46. G。題干意為，當上了年紀的父母住在家里不安全時，他們的孩子可以改變他們的家，而不是將他們送 到成人看護中心去。注意抓住題干中的關鍵詞live at home safely和adult care facility。文章段落中，G段提 到了上了年紀的父母住在家里不安全和成人看護中心的內容，該段第二至四句提到

25、，如果上了年紀的父 母住在家里不再安全，對于孩子來說將他們送到成人看護中心也很難，不過有另外一種選擇可以改 變他們的家以適合他們在那里度過晚年。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為G。47. D。題干意為，談論長期護理問題并不容易，因為有時老年人會懷疑自己孩子有金錢方面的動機。注意 抓住題干中的關鍵詞talk about long-term care、suspicious of和financial motives。文章段落中，D段提到了 談論長期護理和老年人會懷疑自己孩子的內容，該段前三句指出，家庭成員談論長期護理問題是很重要 的，這樣才能了解父母的喜好和意愿等，但是這并不容易，有時候父

26、母會懷疑子女有金錢方面的動機。由 此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為D。48. H。題干意為，除了提前進行資金和醫(yī)療方面的規(guī)劃，家庭護理人員還有其他許多責任。注意抓住題干 中的關鍵詞planning for finances or medical care和many other responsibilities。文章段落中，H 段首先就提到 了家庭護理人員要承擔許多責任，該段最后指出，家庭護理不僅僅要提前做好資金和醫(yī)療規(guī)劃，一切問題 都要考慮到。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為H。49. C。題干意為，永久授權書和醫(yī)療保健代理委托書的區(qū)別在于，后者允許某人做出有關醫(yī)療方面的決定

27、。 注意抓住題干中的關鍵詞a durable power of attorney和a health care proxy。文章段落中，只有C段提到了 這兩個專有名詞，該段第二句指出，護理指示應該包含a durable power of attorney、a health care proxy和a living will。在介紹health care proxy時提到，它與durable power of attorney相似，只是它允許某人做出有關醫(yī)?療方面的決定。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為C。50. A。題干意為，Baldocchi不想將母親送到療養(yǎng)院，但是她又很難照顧她。注

28、意抓住題干中的關鍵詞 Baldocchi和nursing home。文章段落中，有幾段都提到了 Baldocchi,但是提到她不想將母親送往療養(yǎng)院但 自己照顧母親又有困難的只有A段。題干內容是對原文第一段的總結，故答案為A。51. B。題干意為，2009年，美國有超過4200萬護理人員幫忙照料成年人的日常生活。題干中的關鍵詞為Over 42 million caregivers和help an adult with everyday activities。文章段落中，B段倒數(shù)第三句提到 了 More than 42 million Americans provide family caregi

29、ving for an adult who needs help with daily activities,其中 More than 42 million和daily activities分別與題干中的Over 42 million和everyday activities為同義互換。故答案為B。52. D。題干意為，如果一個家庭需要解決糾紛的信息或幫助，他們可以向很多人求助。注意抓住題干中的關 鍵詞sort out disagreements和call on。文章段落中，D段倒數(shù)第二句提到，如果一些家庭需要解決糾紛的信息或 者幫助，他們可以向老年法律師、金融規(guī)劃師、老年人護理經(jīng)理和護理人員組

30、織求助。由此可知，題干是對 原文的同義轉述，故答案為D。53. I。題干意為，家庭護理人員應該注意自己的身體健康，否則他們可能會累垮或者變得心情抑郁。注意抓 住題干中的關鍵詞their own health、burn out和depressed。文章段落中，提到要護理人員注意自己身體的是I 段，該段前三句指出，家庭護理人員也要注意自己的身體，有的時候護理者可能會累垮。對年齡在50歲及以 上的女性護理人員的調查顯示，有20%的人稱自己有抑郁癥狀。由此可知，題干是對原文這三句話的同義轉 述，故答案為I 。題干中的 pay attention to their own health和原文中的 wat

31、ch their own health對應。54. C。題干意為，如果沒有提前準備一份護理說明，那么想成為父母的合法監(jiān)護人需要向法庭申請。注意 抓住題干中的關鍵詞petition the court、parents legal guardian和no advance directive。本題比較簡單，這幾個關 鍵詞均在文章C 段中直接出現(xiàn)，該段最后一句提到，Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian。由此可知

32、，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案 為 C。55. F。題干意為，2011年，全國生活協(xié)助的平均花費為39，135美元，而且這項花費也不在醫(yī)療補助計劃的范 圍之內。注意抓住題干中的關鍵詞2011、$39，135和Medicaid。本題也比較容易，掃讀全文，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在F 段出現(xiàn)了2011和$39，135這兩個關鍵詞，并且后面也提到生活協(xié)助并不包含在醫(yī)療補助計劃之內。由此可 知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為F。 練習2Beauty and Body Image in the MediaA Images of female bodies are everywhere. Womenand their

33、 body partssell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Womens magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, theyll have

34、 it allthe perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.B Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achi

35、eve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And its no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure theyre all aging, says the Quebec Action Net

36、work for Womens Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.C The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet

37、 industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem

38、 and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.D The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight controlincluding fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, lax

39、ative (瀉藥)abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Womens Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika

40、 Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,” indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 20

41、03, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kil

42、bourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.” E Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very smal

43、l number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real wo

44、man built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea (慢性腹瀉)and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a si

45、milarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder.F Researchers report that womens magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting we

46、ight loss than mens magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message about how to change a womans bodily appearanceby diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a womans worth.

47、Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies (“How about wearing a sa

48、ck?，)，and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.G There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (才氐制，反抗)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelaine

49、has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the worlds biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through

50、using a unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life womens bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement. H Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing Vie

51、w: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Womens Magazines” found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream womens magazines from 1999 to 2004.I The barrage of messages abo

52、ut thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary” women that they are always in need of adjustmentand that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real womens bodies have become invisible in

53、the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industrys standards. Women learn to compare themselves to other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability “effec

54、tively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate.”46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.47. On the whole, for 6 years white women had been occupying much more space in mainstream womens magazin

55、es since 1999.48. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.49. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.50. It is reported that there is at least one messag

56、e about the methods for women to change their bodily appearance on more than three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines.51. Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little.52. Too much concern with appearance makes it impossible to change such abnormal trend

57、.53. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition.54. The Quebec magazine Coup (e Pouce resists the trend by consistently including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.55. According to some analysts, the fundamental rea

58、son of imposing standards of beauty on women is economic profits. 答案與解析Part Reading Comprehension Section B46. D題干意為，青少年雜志上的一項報道稱，有50%到70%體重正常的女孩認為自己需要減肥。注意抓 住題干中的關鍵詞magazine、50% to 70%和normal weight。文章段落中，青少年雜志以及百分比 50%到70%的內容在D段出現(xiàn)，該段倒數(shù)第二句提到，青少年雜志報道稱，在612歲的女孩當中，有 35%的人至少進行過一次減肥，有50%70%體重正常的女孩認為自己超重。由此可知，題干是對該句部分 內容的同義轉述，故答案為D。題干中的need to lose weight與原文中的is overweight對應。47. H。題干意為，總體而言，1999年以來白人女性連續(xù)六年占據(jù)了主流女性雜志的