探析環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展策略

1、探析環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展策略論文關(guān)鍵詞:建筑材料節(jié)能環(huán)保發(fā)展策略Paper keywords: energy conservation and environmental protection building materials development strategy論文摘要:對(duì)環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了綜述，對(duì)環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料的發(fā)展、應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了展望，指出建筑材料的環(huán)保節(jié)能是當(dāng)前世界上普遍關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)高新技術(shù)及新材料的應(yīng)用。Abstract: the research status quo of environmental prot

2、ection energy-saving building materials were summarized, the development of green energy-saving building materials, the application is prospected, points out that the construction materials of environmental protection, energy conservation is the current hot issues of common concern to the world, the

3、 development of green energy-saving building materials is dependent on the application of high and new technology and new materials.建筑材料的生產(chǎn)和加工行業(yè)是一個(gè)典型的能源消耗型產(chǎn)業(yè)，其生產(chǎn)和加工過(guò)程中不僅耗費(fèi)大量的能源，還會(huì)污染環(huán)境。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2005年建材行業(yè)消耗各類能源占全國(guó)能源消耗總量的7%，其產(chǎn)生的粉塵和排放分別占全國(guó)工業(yè)粉塵和排放總量的63%和8. 5 %位居全國(guó)工業(yè)的第一位和第二位。由此可見(jiàn)，在全國(guó)節(jié)能減排工作中，建材工業(yè)具有舉足輕重的作用。因而，發(fā)展

4、和推廣環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料是勢(shì)在必行的。Building materials production and processing industry is a typical energy consumption industry, its not only cost a lot of energy in the process of production and processing, and also will pollute the environment. According to statistics, in 2005, energy consumption of all kinds o

5、f building materials industry accounts for 7% of the total national energy consumption, its produce dust and emissions, respectively accounted for 63% of the national industrial dust and emissions and 8. 5% among the industry's first and second. Thus, in the national energy conservation and emis

6、sions reduction work, the building materials industry plays a decisive role. Thus, the development and promotion of environmental protection energy-saving building materials is imperative.建筑材料要做到環(huán)保節(jié)能，就必須綜合考慮建筑材料的生產(chǎn)和使用能耗，盡量采用工業(yè)廢渣做原料，在保證一定材料成本的條件下，選擇保溫效果好的建筑材料。環(huán)保節(jié)能建筑材料是以最少的資料，并盡量利用工農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物及再生材料制造出的高效能建筑

7、材料。在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中也盡量減少對(duì)大氣污染和能源消耗。To achieve environmental protection and energy saving building materials, construction materials should be considered the production and use of energy consumption, by industrial waste residue as raw material, as far as possible under the condition of guarantee of material co

8、st, choose heat preservation building materials with good effect. Environmental protection and energy saving building materials is the least amount of information, and make the most of industrial and agricultural waste and recycled materials to create highly efficient building materials. In the proc

9、ess of production is to reduce as much as possible about air pollution and energy consumption.1環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料的發(fā)展及應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀1 environmental protection energy-saving building materials development and application status1. 1環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀1. 1 the development of green energy-saving building material status1 .1. 1廢

10、棄植物纖維1. 1. 1 waste plant fiber廢棄植物纖維是一種具有多種用途的可再生生物資源，主要是指農(nóng)作物秸稈、廢棄木質(zhì)材料、廢棄竹子等。我國(guó)是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，農(nóng)作物秸稈等廢棄植物纖維資源十分豐富。Waste plant fiber is a versatile renewable biological resources, is mainly refers to the crop straw, waste wood, waste bamboo, etc. Our country is an agricultural big country, crop straw and was

11、te plant fiber resource is very rich.廢棄植物纖維具有很多良好的性能，在環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料的開(kāi)發(fā)與應(yīng)用中具有很大的性能潛力。Waste plant fiber has a lot of good performance, in the development and application of environmentally friendly energy-saving construction materials have great potential for performance.相對(duì)于其他建筑材料而言，以秸稈等植物纖維為原材料制成的砌塊加工過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)

12、單快捷，沒(méi)有環(huán)境污染，可以稱得上是綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能性材料，用它來(lái)建造的建筑更可稱得上是百分之百的生態(tài)建筑。但是由于材料本身的特性，適用于的建筑也有一定的局限性，目前無(wú)法用于兩層以上的建筑承重構(gòu)件的需要，不過(guò)對(duì)于目前廣泛需求的私人住宅及小型的公共建筑，秸稈砌塊是非常適合的，同時(shí)也迎合了當(dāng)前人們崇尚自然的心態(tài)。Relative to the other building materials, straw plant fiber as raw materials made of a block processing process is simple and quick, no environmenta

13、l pollution, is the green environmental protection and energy saving materials, use it to build the building can be more one hundred percent of ecological architecture. But due to the nature of the material itself, is suitable for the building also has certain limitation, is currently not used for m

14、ore than two layers architecture supporting member's need, but for the current wide demand of private houses and public buildings, small straw block is very suitable for, and at the same time cater to the mentality of people advocate natural.1. 1.2石膏建材1. 1.2 gypsum building materials石膏類建材具有的優(yōu)點(diǎn):1

15、)石膏的鍛燒能耗比較低(僅為水泥的1 /4、石灰的1/3)，因而用石膏做建材可大大節(jié)約能源;2)石膏建材比實(shí)心磚、混凝土均節(jié)約材料;3)石膏建材具有可循環(huán)使用性，不產(chǎn)生建筑垃圾;4)石膏無(wú)毒無(wú)害，具有良好的耐熱、耐火性。1 .1.3粉煤灰Gypsum building materials with the advantages of: 1) calcine with low energy consumption of gypsum (was only about a quarter of cement, lime 1/3), so do with gypsum building materia

16、ls can greatly save energy; 2) gypsum building materials than solid brick, concrete, save materials; 3) gypsum building materials with recycled usage, do not produce construction waste; 4) gypsum non-toxic harmless, good heat resistance, fire resistance. 1. 1.3 the fly ash粉煤灰是火力發(fā)電廠燃煤粉鍋爐排出的一種工業(yè)廢渣。我國(guó)2

17、000年粉煤灰排放量1.6億t，且每年不斷遞增，粉煤灰堆放占地面積大，且威脅生態(tài)環(huán)境，處置粉煤灰的一個(gè)有效辦法是將粉煤灰應(yīng)用于建材。利用粉煤灰代替部分赫土制作燒結(jié)磚、空心磚、墻地磚以及粉煤灰燒結(jié)陶粒等，而摻加粉煤灰生產(chǎn)的陶質(zhì)制品是很有發(fā)展前途的新型環(huán)保節(jié)能建筑材料。Fly ash is a kind of coal powder in thermal power plant boiler exhaust industrial waste residue. Fly ash emissions in 2000 2000 t in China, and constantly increasing e

18、ach year, the fly ash piled up in the area is large, and the threat to the ecological environment, the an effective way to dispose of fly ash is the application of fly ash in building materials. Hector soil with fly ash instead of producing sintered brick, hollow brick, floor tile of wall and sinter

19、ed fly ash haydite, etc., and production of ceramic products mixed with fly ash is a promising new type of environmental protection and energy saving building materials.1 .1 .4泡沫玻璃1. 1. 4 foam glass泡沫玻璃是集環(huán)保、保溫、阻燃、隔潮、吸聲于一體的新型建筑材料。其原料是廢棄的各種顏色平板或瓶罐玻璃碎塊，屬于廢物利用;生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品具有顯著的環(huán)保效益;生產(chǎn)過(guò)程不產(chǎn)生“三廢”。Foam glass is se

20、t environmental protection, thermal insulation, flame retardant, moist insulation, sound absorption in the integration of new building materials. Its raw material is waste of various color flat bottles or glass fragments, belongs to the recycling; Products have significant environmental benefits; Th

21、e production process does not produce "three wastes".泡沫玻璃具有自重輕、抗壓強(qiáng)度高、導(dǎo)熱率低、耐火性好、抗?jié)B防水能力強(qiáng)、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性高等特點(diǎn)，是一種既保溫又保冷的建筑材料。目前，泡沫玻璃廣泛適用于各種場(chǎng)所，如代替磚和砌塊，作為屋面、墻體、天棚材料和保溫隔熱構(gòu)件。Foam glass has the advantage of light deadweight, high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, good fire resistance and perme

22、ability waterproof capability, high chemical stability, etc, is a kind of heat preservation and cold insulation building materials. At present, the foam glass is widely used in various places, such as instead of brick and block, as the roof, wall, ceiling heat preservation and heat insulation materi

23、al and components.1 .1 .5膜材料1. 1. 5 membrane materials建筑用復(fù)合膜材料具有透光性好、密度小、機(jī)械強(qiáng)度高、耐久、防火、保溫和抗紫外線等優(yōu)良特性，因而成為新一代的環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料。用于建筑中的膜材料種類繁多，按材質(zhì)的不同可分為兩大類:1) PTFE類膜材料，其樹(shù)脂的含量大于90%;2)PVC類膜材料。Building composite membrane material has good pervious to light, small density, high mechanical strength, durable, fire pre

24、vention, heat preservation and ultraviolet resistance and other excellent characteristics, and thus become a new generation of environmentally friendly energy-saving construction materials. Membrane for use in the building materials variety, according to the material of different can be divided into

25、 two broad categories: 1) PTFE membrane material, its resin content greater than 90%; 2) PVC membrane materials.膜材對(duì)自然光的透光率可達(dá)20，即使對(duì)保溫隔熱性能要求較高的雙層膜建筑，其透光率也達(dá)4%一8%，透射光在膜結(jié)構(gòu)建筑內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生均勻的漫射光，無(wú)陰影、無(wú)眩光，白天可滿足各種室內(nèi)活動(dòng)的需要，因而可節(jié)省大量的照明用電。膜材有較高的反射率和較低的光吸收率，并且熱傳導(dǎo)性較低，這在很大程度上阻止了太陽(yáng)能輻射進(jìn)人室內(nèi)，減少了熱量的傳遞，具有良好的保溫隔熱性能。膜材化學(xué)性能穩(wěn)定，不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成污

26、染和人體造成傷害，膜材作為一種綠色建材在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家得到了大力的推廣和應(yīng)用。Membrane material for natural light transmittance can reach 20, even though higher requirements on the thermal insulation performance of double-layer membrane architecture, its light transmittance is 4% a 8%, transmitted light in membrane structure building interi

27、or evenly diffuse light, no shadow, no glare, to meet the needs of all kinds of indoor activities during the day, so can save a lot of electricity for lighting. Membrane material with high reflectivity and low light absorption rate, and low thermal conductivity, which to a great extent, prevent sola

28、r radiation into the interior, reduced the heat transfer, has good heat preservation and heat insulation performance. Membrane material chemical performance is stable, won't cause pollution to environment and human body damage, membrane material, as a kind of green building materials in the deve

29、loped countries vigorously promotion and application.1 .1 .6其他環(huán)保節(jié)能型建材1. 1. 6 and other environmental protection energy-saving building materials一種納米微膠囊相變材料可作為新型的環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料，其主要成分為納米和微膠囊化的相變材料。納米在光催化作用下，能殺死病毒，消除VOC和無(wú)機(jī)有害氣體，能在不通人室外新風(fēng)的情況下有效提高室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)，減少空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的能耗;同時(shí)，微膠囊相變材料通過(guò)相變，物質(zhì)的分子結(jié)構(gòu)迅速地發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，在恒溫狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行吸熱或放熱，在外界

30、溫度變化時(shí)能有效地保持室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定性，減少了能量的損耗，達(dá)到建筑節(jié)能的目的。A nanometer microcapsule phase-change materials can be used as a new type of green energy-saving building material, its main components in nano and microcapsule of phase change materials. Nano under photocatalysis, can kill viruses, eliminate VOC and inorganic

31、 harmful gas, can in the case of outdoor air impassability people improve indoor air quality, reducing energy consumption of air conditioning system; At the same time, the microcapsule phase-transition materials by phase transformation, the molecular structure of the material change quickly, endothe

32、rmic or exothermic under constant temperature condition, when the ambient temperature changes can effectively maintain the stability of the indoor thermal environment, reduce the energy consumption, achieve the goal of building energy efficiency.1.2環(huán)保節(jié)能型建筑材料的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀1.2 environmental protection present

33、situation of the application of energy-saving building materials1.2.1用于墻體及圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的環(huán)保節(jié)能型建材1.2.1 green energy-saving building material for wall and retaining structure節(jié)能型外墻所用建材必須兼顧合適的儲(chǔ)熱能力和好的保溫隔熱性能，復(fù)合型墻體是首選。Energy-saving building materials used in exterior wall must take into account appropriate heat stor

34、age capability and good thermal insulation properties, composite wall is preferred.空心砌塊和多孔磚是常用的、節(jié)能良好的墻體建材。在空心砌塊的墻體中，可向空隙中填加膨脹珍珠巖、散狀玻璃棉或散狀礦物棉等松散填充絕熱保溫材料，降低墻體導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)及砌塊之間的對(duì)流換熱作用。另外，用高壓縮空氣把絮狀的或塊狀的玻璃棉吹到墻體空腔中，填充密實(shí)，同樣能起到很好的保溫作用。Porous brick and hollow block is a common, good energy-saving wall materials. In

35、hollow block wall, can be add in to the space expanded perlite, loose glass wool or loose fill insulation materials such as mineral cotton, to reduce wall thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer between the block effect. In addition, the flocculent with high compressed air or a block of gl

36、ass cotton into the wall in the cavity, filling is close-grained, also can have very good heat preservation effect.節(jié)能型墻體建材應(yīng)用較多的還有加氣混凝土。加氣混凝土是優(yōu)良的低能耗新型墻體保溫節(jié)能材料，是目前所有墻體材料中唯一能夠滿足節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)65%要求的單一材料。它已廣泛用于內(nèi)外墻體、屋面、樓層和平坡屋面，不僅可以用于民用居住建筑，而且可以廣泛地用于工業(yè)建筑和4層以下混合結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的承重墻體。Energy-saving and aerated concrete wall buildi

37、ng materials is widely applied. Aerated concrete is a good low energy consumption new wall heat preservation and heat insulation material, are all wall materials in only a single material can meet the requirements of energy saving 65% standard. It has been widely used in slope roof, inside and outsi

38、de walls, roof, floor peace not only can be used in civilian residential buildings, and can be widely used in industrial buildings and 4 layer the following load-bearing wall hybrid structures.對(duì)于建筑的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)，則可采用輕質(zhì)高效的玻璃棉、巖棉、泡沫塑料等保溫材料，以減輕建筑能耗。For building palisade structure, can use of lightweight and eff

39、icient glass wool, rock wool, foam heat preservation material, in order to reduce building energy consumption.1.2.2用于屋頂、地板及門窗的環(huán)保節(jié)能型建材1.2.2 used in roof, floor and door to environmental protection and energy-saving building materials用于屋頂?shù)沫h(huán)保節(jié)能型建材有玻璃棉或礦物棉氈(墊)，這些保溫材料與裝飾貼面復(fù)合而成的天花板，能減少閣樓空間與屋頂天花板之間的傳熱系數(shù)，起到

40、隔熱保溫的作用。Used for roof green energy-saving building material has glass cotton or mineral cotton blanket (pad), the heat preservation material compounded with decorative veneered ceiling, can reduce the attic space and heat transfer coefficient between the roof ceiling, heat insulation effect.門窗能耗占我國(guó)高

41、能耗建筑中總能耗約40%因而門窗的環(huán)保節(jié)能顯得尤為重要。塑料門窗的隔熱性能比常用的鋼、木、鋁合金門窗要好得多;同時(shí)塑料門窗生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中采用清潔的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，少用天然能源，生產(chǎn)出的門窗無(wú)毒害、無(wú)污染、無(wú)放射性，有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)和人體健康，符合人們提出的“綠色建材”的概念，因而塑料門窗屬于環(huán)保節(jié)能型建材。Doors and Windows energy consumption accounted for 40% of the total energy consumption in high energy consumption of construction so the environmental p

42、rotection and energy saving of Windows and doors appears especially important. Plastic doors and Windows insulation performance than common steel, wood, aluminum alloy doors and Windows is better; Also used in the process of plastic doors and Windows production of clean production technology, use le

43、ss natural energy, produce doors and Windows of non-toxic, no pollution, no radiation, beneficial to environmental protection and human health, in line with the people put forward the concept of "green building materials", and plastic doors and Windows belong to environmental protection an

44、d energy-saving building materials.2環(huán)保節(jié)能型建材未來(lái)發(fā)展策略探討2 environmental protection energy-saving building materials for the future development strategy開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)保節(jié)能型建材，從根本上改變我國(guó)建材工業(yè)發(fā)展中存在的高投人低產(chǎn)出、高消耗、高污染、低效益的粗放式生產(chǎn)方式，選擇資源節(jié)約型、污染最低型、質(zhì)量效益型、科技先導(dǎo)型的發(fā)展方式，把建材的發(fā)展和資源利用、生態(tài)保護(hù)、污染治理有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，這是21世紀(jì)我國(guó)建筑材料發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。Development of gree

45、n energy-saving building materials, fundamentally change the existing in the development of China's building materials industry high investment and low output, high consumption, high pollution and low benefit of vulgar production mode, select resource saving type, minimum pollution, product qual

46、ity, the development of science and technology straight-pilot way, the development of the building materials and resource utilization, ecological protection, pollution control organically, it is strategic target of building materials in China in the 21st century development.我國(guó)建材行業(yè)未來(lái)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略方向應(yīng)該是:大力發(fā)展環(huán)保節(jié)能型建材，采用低能耗制造工藝和不污染環(huán)境的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，盡量不使用含有對(duì)人體有害的、有機(jī)化學(xué)物質(zhì)，兼顧可回收利用和循環(huán)生產(chǎn)，堅(jiān)持走資源節(jié)約型和環(huán)境友好型的可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路。Strategic direction for future development of China building materials industry should be: to develop environmental protection energy-saving building materials, with lo