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1、If的用法if 的條件從句分為真實(shí)條件從句和虛擬條件從句。真實(shí)條件從句:真實(shí)條件從句適用于主將從現(xiàn),是假設(shè)有可能發(fā)生的。一 位置在if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。若if 條件句放句首,從句后面要加逗號(hào),和主句隔開。You will catch the bus if you get up early. = If you get up early, you will catch the bus.二 時(shí)態(tài)1.(主祈從現(xiàn))主句:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(包含祈使句和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must等的句子)從句:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)2. (主將從現(xiàn))主句:一
2、般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)從句:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)3.從句:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),主句:一般將來(lái)時(shí) If you are looking for Peter youll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得,上樓就會(huì)找到他。 4if從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí) If you have finished dinner Ill ask the waiter for the
3、160;bill. 如果你吃完了,我就叫服務(wù)生來(lái)算賬5.if 條件句談?wù)摰氖侵貜?fù)發(fā)生和預(yù)示要發(fā)生的情景和事件,則主從句大多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:If bears are in danger ,they attack people. 三 注意事項(xiàng)1. 在if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),不能使用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu),而要用will.2. 在if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,不能使用some,而要用any.四 同義句轉(zhuǎn)化1. 借助于祈使句+andor+簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)化,and表示順承,o
4、r表示轉(zhuǎn)折。例如:(1)If you work hard, youll pass the exam. Work hard, and youll pass the exam. (2)If you dont hurry up, youll be late. Hurry up, or youll be late.2. 借助于介詞with或者without 來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換例如:If you help me, Ill finish my job soon. With your help , Ill finish my job soon.if 條件句不一般,幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)記心間條件句,放在前,逗號(hào)要
5、放句中間。條件句表可能,主句多用將來(lái)時(shí);條件句表事實(shí),主句常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。虛擬條件從句:虛擬條件從句是假設(shè)不太可能發(fā)生的。IF的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有三種:內(nèi)容 從句 主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were) would/could/should/might+動(dòng)原與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 should/were to+動(dòng)原 would/could/should/might+動(dòng)原與過去事實(shí)相反 had+過分 would/could/should/might+ have+過分下面三句依次是上面三種情況的例句:If I were you ,I would/could/should/might do that.If I
6、 had know that yesterday, I would/could/should/might have told you .If it should rain , the crops would/could/might be saved. If引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 一 if 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),意思為:是否,從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常要和主句保持一致。 【例句】 I want to know if he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在那兒。 He asked me if I could help him. 他問我是否能幫他。【考查點(diǎn)】if、whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從
7、句的區(qū)別 1. if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),作“是否”講,常放在動(dòng)詞ask、see、say、know和find out等后面。一般情況下,兩者??蓳Q用,在口語(yǔ)中多用if。 【例句】 Nobody knows whether / if it will rain tomorrow. 沒有人知道明天是否下雨。 Lucy asked whether / if they had a cotton sweater. 露西問他們是否有棉制的毛衣。 二. 注意事項(xiàng):if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要注意三個(gè)方面,即連詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。1. if或whether既不能和that 或其他連詞(副詞)同時(shí)
8、使用,也不能省略。 【例句】 我不知道他今天是否會(huì)來(lái)。 誤 I dont know that if(whether) he will come here today. 正 I dont know if(whether) he will come here today. 他走過來(lái)看看貓是否出了毛病。 誤 He came to see what if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat . 正 He came to see if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat . 2.if或
9、whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),雖具有疑問的意義,但其從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。 【例句】Did you know the way to the hospital? The old woman asked me. The old woman asked me if / whether I knew the way to the hospital. 老婦人問我是否知道去醫(yī)院的路。 3. if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。即主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用任一種時(shí)態(tài);主句為一般過去時(shí),從句則用過去時(shí)中的任一種時(shí)態(tài)。 【例句】 I dont know if (whether) he has
10、 come here. 我不知道他是否來(lái)過這兒。 Tom asked if (whether) I had read the book. 湯姆問我是否看過這本書。 三If 和whether兩者不能互換的情況1. 只能用whether的情況 在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether: 【例句】 I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。 2. 在whether or not 的固定搭配中: 【例句】 I want to know whether its good news or not. 我想知道它是不是好消息。3. 在介詞后,只能用whether: 【例句】
11、 His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他的父親擔(dān)心他是否會(huì)失去工作。 4.用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí): 【例句】 Could you tell me if you know the answer? 這句話有兩種意思: “你能告訴我你是否知道答案嗎?”或“如果你知道答案,請(qǐng)告訴我,好嗎?”。 如用whether則可避免歧義。 【考題鏈接】 I dont know _ they could pass the exam or not. A. why B. if C. that D. whether 答案:D 解題思路:本題考查if與w
12、hether的區(qū)別,在whetheror not的固定搭配中通常只用whether。 練習(xí)題:句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.(改為賓語(yǔ)從句) He asked the boys _they _fried chicken. 2. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.(改為賓語(yǔ)從句) I dont know _the watch _made in Shanghai. 3. “Do you want to try something new?” Toms mother a
13、sked him.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Toms mother asked him _to try something new. 答案:1. if / whether, wanted 2. if / whether, was 3. if / whether he wanted一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.If you _(feel) tired, you _ (have) to have a rest. 3. If there _(be)
14、0;fewer trees, there _( be) more pollution. 5. If Marcia _(live) alone, she _( keep) a pet parrot. 6. Lana _( buy) a new dress if the old one _(be) ou
15、t of style. 9. Peter _( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he _(tour) Spain. 10. If Mr Green _(say) I am hard- working, my parents _( feel) glad. 11.I _
16、(go) to the beach if it_ ( not rain) this week. 13.He _(write) a letter to his grandparents if he _(get) his report card this week. 14. If she _(get)
17、up late, she _ ( not catch) the early bus. 15. Peter _(major) in English if he _(pass) the exams in Peking University. 16. 如果努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)取得好成績(jī)。 If you_ _, yo
18、u _ good _. 17. 他如果看電視太久了,他的父母會(huì)不高興。 If he _ TV too much, his parents _ _ unhappy. 18. 如果我們?yōu)樗M織生日聚會(huì),大家都會(huì)來(lái)的。 Everyone _ if we _ a birthday party _ h
19、im. 19. 如果明天不下雨,我會(huì)和你一起去公園的。 If it _ _ tomorrow, I _ go to the park _ you. 21. 如果他有空,他會(huì)幫助你的。 If he _, he _ you. 23. 你如果抄同學(xué)的作業(yè)就不能學(xué)好各門功課。 You _ _
20、60;good at all the subjects if you _ the other students homework. 單項(xiàng)選擇(1.If you _ to the party, youll have a great time. A. will go B. went
21、 C. go D. going 2. It will be a long time _ Peter _ his work. A. since, has finished B. after, finishes C. when, will finish
22、60; D. before, finishes. 3. What will father _ us from Japan? A. take B. bring C. carry D. make 4. Weifang is famous _ kites.A.
23、 for B. to C. on D. with 5I _ her the answer if she _me. A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C.
24、;would tell, ask D. will tell, asks 6. What are you going to do tomorrow? -Well go to the library tomorrow if it _. A. isnt rain B. ra
25、in C. wont rain D. doesnt rain 7.Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? -Sorry, I dont know. When he _ back, Ill tell you. A. comes
26、0;B. will come C. come D. may come 8. What will you do if you _ to the old folks home visit? A. go B. went C. going
27、 D. will go 9. If I eat _ food, Ill be very fat. A. too many B. many too C. too much D. much too 10. Ill give
28、the book to him if he _ here next Sunday. A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came 11. There _an English film in our scho
29、ol tomorrow. A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. has 12. Could you tell us where _? A. will the next Olympic Games held B. the next Olympic Games will be h
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