【牛津深圳版】八年級英語上冊 Unit 1 Encyclopaedias單元課件

1、Unit 1 EncyclopaediasModule 1 Amazing things自主預(yù)習(xí)自主預(yù)習(xí)一、根據(jù)漢語寫出英文單詞1. 恐龍 (n.) _2. 發(fā)明家 (n.) _3. 科學(xué)家 (n.) _4. 人的 (adj.) _5. 出生 (v.) _6. 包括；包含 (v.) _7. 鄉(xiāng)村；農(nóng)村 (n.) _8. 才智；智慧 (n.) _9. 可能；大概 (adv.) _10. 獲勝；贏 (v.) _dinosaurinventorscientisthumanbornincludecountrysideintelligenceperhapswin二、根據(jù)漢語寫出下列詞組1. 人 _2.

2、在鄉(xiāng)村；在農(nóng)村 _3. 滅絕；消失 _ 4. 了解（到）；弄清 _5. 去散步 _ 6. 和一樣小 _7. 例如 _ 8. 從小時候起 _human beingin the countrysidedie outfind outgo for a walkas small as.for examplefrom an early age三、翻譯下列句子1. 達芬奇出生在農(nóng)村。_2. 從小時候起，他就展現(xiàn)出超凡的智慧和藝術(shù)才能。_3. 有些恐龍像小雞一樣小。_4. 恐龍在地球上生存了一億五千萬年以上。_5. 然后，突然間，它們?nèi)肯Я?。_Da Vinci was born in the countr

3、yside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years.Then, suddenly, they all died out.詞匯精析詞匯精析【1】inventorn. someone who is the first to think of or make something 發(fā)明家；創(chuàng)造者發(fā)明家；創(chuàng)造者

4、Edison is one of the greatest inventors. 愛迪生是最偉大的發(fā)明家之一?！就~同根詞】（1）invent v. 發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造The scientist invented many things. 這位科學(xué)家發(fā)明了許多東西。（2）invention n. 發(fā)明；發(fā)明物His most important invention was the light bulb. 他最重要的一項發(fā)明是電燈泡。【應(yīng)用】(1) Zhang Heng was a great _ (invent) in China. (2) Who _ (invent) the telephone

5、in 1876?inventorinvented【2】musician n. a person who has skill at playing, singing, or writing music 音樂家音樂家Beethoven is a well-known musician all around the world. 貝多芬是一位世界聞名的音樂家?！就~】【同根詞】music n. 音樂What kind of music do you like？ Rock or pop？你喜歡哪一種類型的音樂？搖滾樂還是流行樂？搭配：（1）face to music 勇于承擔(dān)后果；傾聽責(zé)備或批評 S

6、ooner or later, youre going to face the music. 遲早你將會承擔(dān)后果。（2）music to ones ears 悅耳的聲音，佳音；中聽的話 【拓展】【拓展】（1）-ian 通常作單詞的后綴，表示“人”，如：technician（技工），Italian（意大利人）。Toms father works as a technician in a factory. 湯姆的父親是一家工廠的技工。（2）類似的后綴還有 -er/-or/-ist，如：teacher（老師），doctor（醫(yī)生），scientist（科學(xué)家）?！緫?yīng)用】【應(yīng)用】Lang Lang i

7、s one of the most popular _ (music) in China.musicians【3】bornv. a past participle of bear 出生出生adj. to describe someone who has a natural ability to do a particular activity or job 天生天生的；天賦的的；天賦的He has been very happy since his son was born. 自從他的兒子出生以來，他就非常開心。Stephen was a born scientist. 斯蒂芬是位天生的科學(xué)家

8、?！就卣雇卣埂縝e born in 出生于（后面接地點、年份、 季節(jié)、月份等）be born on 出生于（后面接具體某一天）His younger sister was born in winter. 他的妹妹是在冬天出生的。I was born on July 28th. 我出生于7月28日?！緫?yīng)用應(yīng)用】()I was born _ Shenzhen.A. onB. in C. atB【4】 intelligence n. the ability to learn, think, and understand 才智；智慧才智；智慧He is a person of high intelli

9、gence. 他是一個高智商的人。【同根詞同根詞】intelligent adj. “聰明的；有才智的”，其近義詞為smart, clever和wise。He is so intelligent that he always keeps ahead of his competitors. 他非常聰明，以至于在比賽中總是勝人一籌。You have made a wise decision just now. 剛剛你做了一個明智的決定?！緫?yīng)用應(yīng)用】 ()Intelligent people cannot be led by the nose. (選出可以替換畫線部分的最佳選項)A. UglyB.

10、Foolish C. WiseC【5】artisticadj. relating to or characteristic of art or artists 有藝術(shù)天賦的有藝術(shù)天賦的Harry is a person with outstanding artistic ability. 哈里有著出眾的藝術(shù)天賦?！就~】(1) art n. 藝術(shù)；美術(shù)My elder sister teaches Art in a college. 我的姐姐在一所大學(xué)里教美術(shù)課。(2) artist n. 藝術(shù)家How do you become an artist？ 你是怎樣成為一名藝術(shù)家的？【應(yīng)用應(yīng)用】

11、If your dream is to be an _ (art), you should try your best to make it come true.artist【6】abilityn. the power or knowledge to do something才能；能力才能；能力 （復(fù)數(shù)：（復(fù)數(shù)：abilities）I have the ability to do this job well. 我有能力做好這份工作?！就~】able adj. 有能力的be able to do sth.=can do sth.有能力做某事；能夠做某事Although he is only t

12、hree years old, he is able to dress himself. 雖然只有三歲，但是他已經(jīng)能自己穿衣服了?！颈嫖觥縝e able to與can(1)be able to 強調(diào)通過努力而獲得的能力，而can則強調(diào)自身已具有的能力。She can sing the song in English. 她能用英語唱這首歌。He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 幾小時之后，他也將能用英語唱這首歌。(2)be able to 強調(diào)一種結(jié)果，而can只強調(diào)一種可能。Luckily, he

13、 was able to escape from the big fire in the end. 幸運的是，他最終逃出了大火。If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him. 要是他早幾小時來，我還能救他。(3)be able to 可以有各種時態(tài)，而can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)。I could help you last night, but you didnt come. 昨天晚上我能幫你，而你又沒來。Can you see it there? 你能看見它在那兒嗎？He is/was/will be able to h

14、elp you. 他能幫你的忙。(4)can可用于表示可能性、推測、允許等情況，而be able to通常不這樣用。You are able to use my computer. (誤)You can use my computer. 你可以用我的電腦。(正)【應(yīng)用應(yīng)用】()I was not able to finish my homework because I was ill. (選出可以替換畫線部分的最佳選項)A. cant B. couldntC. mustntB【7】perhapsadv. it is possible that; maybe 可能；可能；大概大概Perhaps

15、I will go to Hong Kong next week. 下周我可能要去香港?！就卣埂縫erhaps的近義詞為maybe和probably。Maybe she will come to my party.也許她會來參加我的聚會。I will probably be back at 7 in the evening. 我晚上大概7點回來?！颈嫖霰嫖觥縫erhaps, maybe與probably(1) perhaps 表示“可能；大概”，有時可與maybe換用，但是perhaps較為正式。(2) maybe 表示“也許；可能”，多用于口語中。(3) probably 表示“很有可能”，

16、其實現(xiàn)的可能性最大?！緫?yīng)用應(yīng)用】()Perhaps Tom will join our party tonight. (選出可以替換畫線部分的最佳選項)A. Maybe B. Probable C. May be A【8】includev. have as a part; contain in addition to other parts 包括；包含包括；包含These people include teachers, doctors, engineers and students. 這些人包括教師、醫(yī)生、工程師和學(xué)生?！就~】【同根詞】including prep.包括；包含There

17、are three storeys including the ground floor. 包括底層共有三層。【拓展】include的近義詞為contain。This box contains several mails from abroad. 這個盒子里面有來自國外的幾封郵件。【辨析辨析】include 與including （1）include 意為“包括；包含”，是及物動詞。 include的前面要有主語。The price includes postage charges. 價格包括郵費在內(nèi)。The university includes ten colleges. 該大學(xué)有10個學(xué)

18、院。（2）including作介詞，一般用在逗號后面，或者是冒號的前面。總之是用標點隔開用的，但是有的時候它也是可以放在句子中的。The band played many songs, including some of my favourite songs. 這個樂隊表演了很多首歌，包括我最喜歡的一些歌?！緫?yīng)用應(yīng)用】(1) There are ten students _ (include) you.(2) Eight units are _ (include) in this new textbook.includingincluded【9】howeveradv. by contrast;

19、 on the other hand 然然而；但是而；但是We have many friends, however, we also have enemies. 我們有許多朋友，但是我們也有敵人?！就卣雇卣埂縣owever的近義詞為but。(注意：but與although不能同時使用)I am not myself today, but I will do what I can to finish the work.=Although I am not myself today, I will do what I can to finish the work.（雖然）我今天不舒服，但我將盡我

20、所能來完成這項工作?！颈嫖霰嫖觥縝ut與however（1）從詞性上來看，but作并列連詞，而however作副詞。（2）從語序上來看，but位于它所引出的分句之首，而however可以位于分句之首或之后，并通常用逗號將其與分句隔開?！緫?yīng)用應(yīng)用】(1) Learning playing the guitar isnt difficult, _ (but, however) you have to practise it a lot. (2) It was raining heavily, _ (but, however), we went out to look for the lost bo

21、y.buthowever【10】suddenlyadv. happening unexpectedly突然；突然；忽然忽然 Suddenly, all the dinosaurs died out. 突然間，所有的恐龍都滅絕了?！就~】【同根詞】sudden adj. 突然的He was shocked by the sudden accident. 他被這個突如其來的事故給驚住了?！就卣雇卣埂縮uddenly=all of a suddenThen, all of a sudden, the first star began to shine. 然后，出乎意料地，第一顆星星開始閃耀了?！緫?yīng)

22、用應(yīng)用】()All of a sudden, my dog started to bark aloud. (選出可以替換畫線部分的最佳選項)A. In the end B. At first C. SuddenlyC【11】win v. attain success or reach a desired goal (在在比賽中比賽中)獲勝；贏獲勝；贏 My dream is to win a champion in the Olympics. 我的夢想是在奧運會中拿到冠軍?！就卣埂俊就卣埂?1) win的過去式為won,過去分詞為won。I won the game last night. 昨

23、天晚上我贏得了比賽。(2) win的近義詞為beat和defeat。We were defeated in the football match last month.上個月我們的足球賽踢輸了。【辨析辨析】win, defeat與beat(1) win 一般指“贏得比賽、獎項，或戰(zhàn)爭、選舉勝利等”，常見搭配如下：win a game(match)/race/prize/war 贏得比賽/賽跑/獎項/戰(zhàn)爭勝利(2) defeat通?？膳cbeat互換，均表示“戰(zhàn)勝或擊敗對手”，常見搭配如下：defeat/beat the enemy/team 打敗敵人/隊伍(3) beat除了表示“擊敗”可與de

24、feat互換以外，還可以表示“打擊；跳動”。I was really nervous, and my heart was beating very fast. 我很緊張，心跳得很快?！緫?yīng)用應(yīng)用】用win， defeat或beat填空(1) The army _ the enemy in the end. (2) Who do you think will _ the next election? (3) Mark is learning how to _ a drum.beat/defeatedwinbeat【12】as.as和和一樣一樣 My bag is as heavy as yours

25、. 我的書包和你的一樣重?！就卣雇卣埂渴÷蕴柼幰话阌眯稳菰~或副詞的原級。Mary spoke as fast as Tom did. 瑪麗說得和湯姆一樣快。【應(yīng)用應(yīng)用】You should read as _ (care) as Lily in order to make fewer mistakes. carefully【13】die out（of a family, species, etc.）no longer have any members left alive（指家族、物種等）死光，滅（指家族、物種等）死光，滅絕，絕跡；絕，絕跡； （of a custom, practice, e

26、tc.）is no longer common （指習(xí)俗、知法等）消失，過時（指習(xí)俗、知法等）消失，過時 Some of the creatures on Earth are dying out. 地球上有些物種正在滅絕。The old traditions are dying out. 舊傳統(tǒng)正在消失?！就卣埂俊就卣埂縟ie的過去式為died，過去分詞為died，現(xiàn)在分詞為dying，形容詞為dead。The famous writer has been dead for three years. 這位著名的作家已經(jīng)離世三年了?！颈嫖霰嫖觥縟ie of與die from(1) die of

27、指死于某種疾病或饑餓等（內(nèi)部原因）A large number of people in the world die of cancer every year. 世界上每年有許多人死于癌癥。(2) die from 指死于某種意外，如車禍、災(zāi)難等（外部原因）Unfortunately, more than 20 passengers died from the car accident.不幸的是，超過20名乘客在這場車禍中喪生?！緫?yīng)用應(yīng)用】(1) ()This kind of bird is because of the heavy pollution.A. dying out B. dyin

28、g ofC. dying from(2) Two children died _ (of, from) the fire at midnight.Afrom【14】look up查閱；（從字典、書中）查找；向上看查閱；（從字典、書中）查找；向上看 look up后接名詞時放up前、后均可，接代詞時則只能放在look和up的中間。You can look up the new word in the dictionary. 你可以在字典中查找這個生詞?！就卣埂俊就卣埂颗clook相關(guān)的詞組還有l(wèi)ook after （照顧）， look like(看起來像)， look for(尋找)， look

29、at(看)， look out(向外看；小心)等。He has to look after his mother because she is badly ill. 他媽媽病重，他得照顧她?！颈嫖霰嫖觥縧ook after, look like, look for與look out(1) look after 照顧；照料She can look after her younger sister. 她可以照料她的妹妹。(2) look like 看起來像The twins look like each other. 這對雙胞胎長得很像。(3) look for 尋找I have been loo

30、king for my purse for a long time, but I cant find it. 我找錢包找了很久，但仍沒找到。(4) look out 往外看；小心（=watch out）Look out! A car is coming.當心!有車過來了?！緫?yīng)用應(yīng)用】()If you want to know more about this, you can in the encyclopaedia.A. look up it B. look it upC. look after it B語法梳理語法梳理語法精講一、不定代詞一、不定代詞: some & any在英語當中，不定代

31、詞some/any用來描述數(shù)量。1. some1. some多用于肯定句中，可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞多用于肯定句中，可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, ,也可也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。There are some students in the classroom.教室里有一些學(xué)生。There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。2. some2. some有時也用于表示請求或建議的一般疑問句中，通有時也用于表示請求或建議的一般疑問句中，通常表示希望得到對方肯定的答復(fù)。常表示希望得到對方肯定的答復(fù)。Can you give me some help？你能幫我一

32、下嗎？Would you like to have some coffee？你想喝點咖啡嗎？3. 3. anyany通常用于否定句和疑問句中，可以修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)通常用于否定句和疑問句中，可以修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, ,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Do you have any question(s) to ask？你有什么問題要問嗎？There isnt any water in this bottle. 瓶子里面一點水都沒有了。4. any也可用于肯定句中也可用于肯定句中, 表示表示“任何任何”的意思的意思, 起強調(diào)作起強調(diào)作用用。You may take any of

33、 them. 你可以拿它們當中的任何一樣。Its a puzzle that any intelligent child could solve. 這是任何聰明的孩子都能解出來的一個謎題。5. 5. anyany有時也可用于條件句中有時也可用于條件句中。If you have any questions, please come to my office. 如果你有任何問題，請來辦公室找我。二、復(fù)合不定代詞二、復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞是由some-，any-，no-，every- 加上 -one，-body，-thing等所組成的不定代詞。1. something1. something（某事

34、物）（某事物）, somebody, somebody（某人）（某人）, someone, someone（某（某人）人）There is someone who wants to speak to you.有人想跟你說話。2. anything2. anything（任何事物）（任何事物）, anybody, anybody（任何人）（任何人）, anyone, anyone（任何人）（任何人）Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么我可以為你效勞的嗎？3. nothing3. nothing（沒有什么）（沒有什么）, nobody, nobod

35、y（沒有人）（沒有人）, no one, no one（沒（沒有人）有人）Nobody lives on this island.這個島上無人生存。4. everything4. everything（一切事物）（一切事物）, everybody, everybody（每個人）（每個人）, , everyoneeveryone（每個人）（每個人） Everyone is here today.今天所有人都到齊了。直擊中考()1. Is there _ beef in the fridge？No, there isnt. There is pork. （2014天津）A. some; any B. any; anyC. some; some D. any; some()2. I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldnt find _ suitable. (2014南京)A. somethingB. anything C. nothing D. everything ()3. Our mother Earth gives us _ we need in our daily life. (2014臨沂)A. nobodyB. nothingC. everybodyD. eve