采礦工程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯----新技術(shù)和新理論的采礦業(yè)跨世紀(jì)發(fā)展

1、DEVELOPING OF TRANS-CENTURY MINING SUBJECTWITH NEW TECHNOLOGY AND NEW THEORYAbstract： Mining subject needs further development and towards which the development would being the problems concerned over all along and to be succeeded with the public good enough attention to discussions to reach an iden

2、tify of views admittedly. The emergence in succession of new-and-high techs in the mid-and late twentieth century is perhaps the most fascinating and epoch-marking event that has given to all the subjects certain but different degrees of impacts to become more closely interrelative and interdepartme

3、ntal each other and feature specifically from that of the past for their entirely new conceptions in the result of formulating many new theories，new technologies and new subjects that mining subject is inevitably and unexceptionally the one inclusive. The acuter gives in this paper his opinion regar

4、ding the problem of the development of mining subject proving with many convincible facts and most informative new idea，Key words: mining subject; mineral industry; mineral economics; new-and-high tech. 1 The Importance of Mining Industry in the National EconomyToday， it has been paid unprecedented

5、attention to the development of technology worldwide. The advance of space engineering， information engineering，biological engineering and marine engineering，the discovery and the research and development of the new energy and new materials increasingly change every aspect of human life both at pres

6、ent and in the future. The words "Science and Technology being the First Production Force" has fatherly and penetratingly pointed out the important role of new technology in the course of national economy construction.In the competition of several big countries in the world striving for th

7、e exploration of outer space，one should not forget the essential fact that there are more than five billion people living on the earth. To assure the survival of mankind on the earth，four essential requirements should be considerably fulfilled，namely，the nutrients，materials，fuels and the environment

8、. The nutrients mainly are air，water，forests，grains and miscellaneous plants，all of which are acquired from the nature. The materials refer to iron，ferrous metals，rare metals，precious metals，chemical raw materials and building materials. The fuels cover coal，petroleum，natural gas ，oil shale，uranium，

9、thorium and other radioactive elements. These also occur in nature. The last one is the ecological environment depending on which mankind lives. In the above three essential substances，the materials and fuels are through mining engineering extract from bining industry is a conventional industry， how

10、ever，with the advance of the new technologies and the introduction of them into mining industry which will be reduced of itself final1y- a technology-intensive industry. The emergence of highly mechanized and automated mines and robot-operated manless working face marks the renewal and substitution

11、of technologies of mining industry and proves the fact that mining industry.However，is conventional industry， but not sunset industry. As long as mankind live on the earth，mining industry will last forever and never decline and fall，instead，as man's living demands increases，the output of fuels a

12、nd raw materials will be increased by a big marg and mineral industry will still gain a much greater development. 2 The Object of Study of the Mining Subject2. 1 The Tasks and the Special Features of 1liining SubjectHistorically and the Special Features of 1liining Subject the development of mining

13、subject has its own course of change and development both at home and abroad. Since mining industry is closely related with geology， metallurgical and energy industry consequently in the subject relationships，they are interrelative and interdepartmental each other. As mining subject branch of scienc

14、e dealing with the extraction and utilization of minerals and the resources from inside the earth，on the sake of the complexity and multiplicity of the rock mass and mineral resources of great nature which makes the basic theories of mining subject being more complicated than that of any other engin

15、eering subject. Especially in the following aspects featured: the objects of mining subjects are the ore bodies occurred in nature that they differ each other in structure，quality，and property.3 Five Urgent Requirements on the Tendency towards the Trans-century Development of Modern Mining Subjects3

16、. 1 Renewing the Knowledge of Strata 11ZechanicsAbove all rock and or ore properties are the prerequisites of the subjects of the study of mining engineering regardless of whether it is excavation，comminuting or strata ，stability strata mechanics is required to make the study along two aspects:(1)Fr

17、om the micro-study to the macro-study(2) The study of the contradictions between rock-breaking and rock stability in the course of mining and excavating. Therefore it is a very broad field of academic study Comparing with common solid materials，rocks are featured structurally for their non-homo.3.2

18、Anew Knowledge of Mining Engineering System-the"hian-Nature-Rfachine" Systern ，System engineering had found in recent years very rapid development，and wide applications m mining engineering. Been modeled after the "man-machines Generally， mining systems engineering considerably studie

19、s had system model used in aerospace engineering and other departments of en Bering. In recent years，Prof. Fettwice of the Montan University of Austria and the author of this paper both had put forth the opinion that the objects of mining engineerm8 Machine are ore bodies and rock strata， the activi

20、ties of mining engineering are those played with by the man in getting the knowledge of the environment underground. 3.3 Reforming the Conventional Mining Technologies and Industries with Modern New technologiesThe major policy of China of reforming the conventional industries with new-and-high tech

21、s of great importance and no doubt to its conventional industries. The essential features of new-and-high techs are highly technology-intensive.Just as discussed in the beginning of this paper，speaking with respect to the reforming of mining engineering and coal industry with new-and-high techs，it i

22、s essential to introduce merely those ones which enable to make these two industries swiftly commercialized. Since mine is concerned with the natural surround gas of ground，the new techs，however，as those used in aerospace engineering in the care for "going up to sky" when used for 0getting

23、 down into the earth in mining engineering practices evidently are needed to make completely different modalities. In 1080s，Berlin Poly ethnic university had applied optic fiber telecommunication technology- in underground mining，giving rise to abundant interference problems of earth magnetism，elect

24、ricity and light wave， and the insulation of strata to the conduction electronic waves. The BPM man had the problems s finally tailed，however，through a long time of research work. Therefore，to have the minerals industries well prepared technically for the 21st century，to paying great attention the f

25、ollowing fields of study are required3. Making the study of market-economy mineral economics theories For a long time that the mineral economics theory in China had been given distinct features of planning economy，while in the theory itself，mineral resources were not recognized as commodities and ha

26、d no prices. Consequently，even though the mineral products had prices but were distorted ones making all national mining enterprises non-profitable and to exist depending on governmental policy-subsidization. Now the country， however，has changed into socialist market economy， most mineral enterprise

27、s radically cannot accommodate themselves to this new situation，in particular，from the point of view of "Enriching the peasants" policy to put forward to the exploitation of mineral resources，the near-term policy of the so-called “wherever there water，flow it fast"，which had made the

28、mineral industry from the repeated view-point of and the enriching the Pleasants policy， has caused the price deficit due to lowselling-price of minerals into even worse situation of disorder，no-restraint and anarchy of scrambling for extracting the mineral resources putting the mineral industries i

29、n a tight spot unabling to feed themselves. Under this circumstance，the importance of undertaking the soft science research right now becomes more conspicuous to the mineral industries than ever before. One can predict that had the theoretical study of mineral economics theory been made ，portent bre

30、ak troughs，that it would radically change the face of our mineral industries. 3.5 Relationship between Mineral Engineering and Natural EcologyMining engineering is the removal of rocks and minerals to the surface through excavations from underground deep in the earth or from the ground surface leavi

31、ng the excavated space so formed. Every turn meters Surface every year subsidence in China. of the commodity flow of mining products reaches billion cubic Obviously it has caused many negative effects，for example:(1)uses of waste rock which results in the damages of farming lands and houses;(2) Larg

32、e volrefuse and tailings occupy large area of land; and (3) Coal and oil burning products give off waste materials，such as exhaust gas，waste liquids，and solids and pollute the environment. In China，80 percent of 1. 1 billion tons of coal burned as fuel，from which，dust，sulpher and the of NO2and CO2 a

33、nd the effective less heating effect seriously constitutes a menace to the ecological environment of China and the neighboring countries. 4 Suggestions opment of to the Science and Technology Circles of the Nation for the Develop-the Mining Subject4.1 An Unguent AppealNo doubt the "flying up in

34、to the sky" technology is the one most advanced，however，the getting down into the earth" technology in mining engineering is no less complex，and even more difficult to pin down. It is no wonder that people consider that mineral engineering being much simpler and pay less attention for lack

35、 of the knowledge of the resulting in the low rate of mineral recovery and low rate of mineral extracting. For this country， but to spend a great many of valuable hard currency to import those actually need not to import raw materials and else，naturally this is not favorable to the development of na

36、tional economy. Hoping the science and technology circles，in particular their leading departments，renewing their recognitions to this awkward situation，and give necessary support to the urgently-needed topics of research studies of the mineral industries.4.2 National Resource PolicyNational resource

37、 policy concerns the future for many generations. Hoping the government population institutions relevant learn Iron the lesson of the past population policy，to take measures as early as possible to have the print up of mineral resources centralized.4.3 Make Ready the SuccessorsTo make ready the succ

38、essors for the mineral industries and the development of the mining subjects，suggesting to give preferential treatment to the university. Admissions system and the recruitment of mineral workers and set mineral science. Foundation as an important subject independent from the foundations of those. Ba

39、sic science in the natural science foundation.The aim of writing this paper is to hone that in the tonguing A of this century minim subject in China will have a new prosperous development with the of new technology to theory under the guidance of the national science policy.新技術(shù)和新理論的采礦業(yè)跨世紀(jì)發(fā)展摘要：煤炭產(chǎn)業(yè)需要

40、更長遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展，對(duì)工作中所討論的熱點(diǎn)在工業(yè)中出現(xiàn)新的理論和高科技成功使用在二十世紀(jì)末是最美好的，作為被關(guān)心的問題需要較快一步的發(fā)展，在20世紀(jì)中后期產(chǎn)生的新型、高速的新技術(shù)是最有吸引力和標(biāo)志性的，即使在所有行業(yè)中不同的沖擊變得起來越相關(guān)以及部門間彼此合作并明確地?cái)⑹鲈S多新的理論，煤炭行業(yè)的新科技和新理論是不可避免的，并且包括一切的不可能性。作者在這篇文章中闡述了他關(guān)于采礦學(xué)的發(fā)展問題的意見， 舉出了許多令人信服的事實(shí)，并對(duì)大部分新的情況予以求證。關(guān)鍵字: 采礦工程，礦業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，新技術(shù)和高科技 今天，科技世界的發(fā)展已經(jīng)引起了對(duì)采礦空前的不容忽視，空間工程，信息工程，生物工程和海洋工程的發(fā)

41、展，新能源的發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究與發(fā)展以及新原料在目前和將來逐漸地改變著人類生活的每個(gè)方面?！翱茖W(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力”指出了新科技在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的中扮演了重要的角色。 在全球的一些大的國家中，互相競爭為的是努力探測外部的空間，我們不應(yīng)該忘記基本的事實(shí)：有超過五十億個(gè)人生活在地球上。想要保住地球上的人類，我們必須做到以下四個(gè)方面：也就是營養(yǎng)物，原料，燃料和環(huán)境。營養(yǎng)物主要是空氣、水、森林、谷物和各種植物，它們都是來自于自然。 原料有鐵、鐵的金屬，稀罕的金屬，寶貴的化學(xué)的原料和建材的金屬。燃料如：煤炭，石油，天然氣，鈾，放射性金屬元素和其他的發(fā)光要素。這些也在自然界中發(fā)生。最后一種是靠人類來維持的生態(tài)環(huán)境。在上述

42、中三個(gè)必要的物質(zhì)中，原料和燃料從地球表面經(jīng)過采礦學(xué)取出服務(wù)人類。 生態(tài)學(xué)的環(huán)境和采礦已及上述的三個(gè)必要的財(cái)產(chǎn)抽出有莫大的關(guān)系。然而，隨著新技術(shù)和它們進(jìn)入煤炭行業(yè)成果的提高，逐漸使它由朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)變成當(dāng)日落業(yè)并逐漸地褪色消失。如采礦產(chǎn)業(yè)是最古老的勞工即強(qiáng)烈傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，因此，那里沒落是在一個(gè)民族的特定部份需要的印象而且要再作任何的更高深的研究，并在此之上發(fā)展采礦。這自然不是真實(shí)的。資訊科技在研究的文件中被列為中國國家理事會(huì)的一個(gè)主要研究計(jì)劃。發(fā)展研究中心燃料和原料將會(huì)輪流保持一個(gè)國家的工業(yè)組織中分配占有一定的位置。由于在煤炭產(chǎn)業(yè)之中，綜采將會(huì)在那兩個(gè)能源和原料業(yè)輪流限制等級(jí)，新技術(shù)的引入期限因?yàn)檫@些本

43、質(zhì)上為其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展有積極的影響。 因此譬如：采礦業(yè)，能源和原料產(chǎn)業(yè)，這些舊的產(chǎn)業(yè)仍然有它的存在價(jià)值和積極影響。然而，采礦業(yè)是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，新的科技進(jìn)步和先進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)入將會(huì)使它本身成為采礦業(yè)之內(nèi)最后一個(gè)科技密集型工業(yè)。 由于出現(xiàn)了高度地機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化挖掘，而且機(jī)器人控制生產(chǎn)的無人的工作面為新科技應(yīng)用的標(biāo)志，采礦業(yè)而且事實(shí)證明采礦業(yè)，雖然是傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，但是并不是日落產(chǎn)業(yè)。只要人類活的在地球，采礦業(yè)上將會(huì)持續(xù)發(fā)展，而且當(dāng)人類的生活需求增加，燃料的輸出，不但不會(huì)下降反而會(huì)迅速提高，而且原料消耗將會(huì)是極大的 增加 ，而且礦物產(chǎn)業(yè)將會(huì)仍然得到很大發(fā)展。2. 采礦學(xué)的研究對(duì)象2. 1 采礦的特征和任務(wù)在歷

44、史上國內(nèi)外關(guān)于采礦主題的發(fā)展有它自己的變化發(fā)展方向。因?yàn)椴傻V業(yè)接近地理與地質(zhì)學(xué)，和能源業(yè)他們是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的學(xué)科. 如采礦主題就是一個(gè)科學(xué)的部門如何對(duì)地球上的礦物和資源的進(jìn)行開發(fā)和利用，對(duì)大量的巖石和復(fù)雜的礦物等自然資源作為研究的對(duì)象的復(fù)雜的基本理論。尤其是在以下方面扮演重要角色:采礦的所要研究的物體是在自然界中與其他巖石不一致的礦石體。3. 1 更新煤層開采技術(shù)的了解最重要的是，采礦所研究的附屬的先決條件不管它是否是挖掘，粉碎煤層，采礦學(xué)的技巧要沿著二個(gè)方面作研究:(1)從微觀研究到宏觀研究(2) 矛盾的研究在采礦和開鑿期間在巷道冒落的巖石之間如何保持穩(wěn)定。因此現(xiàn)場是學(xué)院研究的一個(gè)非常寬廣的平臺(tái)。與通常的經(jīng)濟(jì)而穩(wěn)固的原料相比，