主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換

1、.主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換語態(tài) Voice 是動詞的一種形式，它表示句子的主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。語態(tài)通常分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài) Passive Voice 表示句子的主語是動作的承受者。主動語態(tài)那么表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。1各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1一般如今時的被動語態(tài)We sweep the floor every day. The floor is swept every day by us .We clean the windows every week. The windows are cleaned every week by us.2如今進展時的被動語態(tài)Miss Chen

2、is teaching me English now. I am being taught English by Miss Chen now.I am writing my homework. My homework is being written by me.The girl is watering flowers. The flowers are being watered by the girl.3如今完成時的被動語態(tài)We have bought a new house recently. A new house has been bought recently by us.We ha

3、ve planted a lot of flowers in the classroom.A lot of flowers have been planted in our classroom.4一般將來時的被動語態(tài)I shall/will do a better job next time. A better job will be done next time.My father is going to stop smoking. Smoking is going to be stopped by my father.He is going to help me tomorrow. I a

4、m going to be helped by him tomorrow.Where are you going to put these tables? Where are these tables going to be put by you?You are to deliver these flowers before ten. These flower were to be delivered before ten.I am to find an interesting story. An interesting story was to be found .Many people a

5、re about to lose their jobs. Their jobs _ lost.I am about to finish my homework when he comes in.My homework _when he comes in.一般將來時的動詞形式1.主動語態(tài)：shall/will +v. 被動語態(tài)：shall/will be +v-ed.2.主動語態(tài)：am/is /are going to +v. 被動語態(tài)：am/is /are going to be +v-ed.3.主動語態(tài)：am/is /are to +v. 被動語態(tài)：am/is/are to be +v-ed

6、.4.主動語態(tài)：am/is /are about to +v. 被動語態(tài)：am/is/are about to be +v-ed.注意:只有及物動詞和及物動詞短語才可以有被動語態(tài)。不及物動詞，不及物動詞短語或系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。5一般過去時的被動語態(tài) 哪些句子可以變成被動語態(tài)？A ram公羊 saw a fence built with bamboo and wood in front. The fence blocked its way. It cast a sidelong glance at the fence, lowered its neck and lunged刺 at the f

7、ence, hoping to knock it down. The fence remained intact but the ram injured its own horns.A ram公羊 saw a fence built with bamboo and wood .A fence built with bamboo and wood was seen by a ram.The fence blocked its way. Its way was blocked by the fence.It cast a sidelong glance at the fence. A sidelo

8、ng glance was cast at the fence by it.The ram injured its own horns. The rams horns were injured by itself.6過去進展時的被動語態(tài)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. His car was being cleaned by him then.I was doing my lessons then. My homework was being done then . 7過去完成時的被動語態(tài)They had already opened t

9、he new railway. The new railway had alredy been opened.The vegetables didnt taste good. They had been cooked cook for too long.8過去將來時的被動語態(tài)He knew his mother would punish him for it. He knew _ for it.She said _ you. She said you would be looked after by her.Judy was going to meet us, but she was ill

10、and couldnt come. Her mother was going to take care of her. 花在十點前送到。You were to deliver these flowers before ten. These flowers were to be delivered before ten.I was to find an interesting story. An interesting story _.Many people were about to lose their jobs. Their jobs _lost.過去將來時的動詞形式1.主動語態(tài)：woul

11、d +v. 被動語態(tài)：would be +v-ed.2.主動語態(tài)：was/were going to +v. 被動語態(tài)：was/were going to be +v-ed.3.主動語態(tài)：was/were to +v. 被動語態(tài)：was/were to be +v-ed.4.主動語態(tài)：was/were about to +v. 被動語態(tài)：was/were about to be +v-ed.2含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)You _more trees in this area. The trees must be planted in this area.You mustnt pick the flo

12、wers in the park. The flowers _in the park.We should improve the environment. The environment _ .3什么時候用被動語態(tài)：1不知道或沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。Many houses will be built here. 2說話人對賓語的興趣大于對主語的興趣這時可用by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者。The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.3動作的執(zhí)行者有較長的修飾語。You are reque

13、sted to attend the meeting. 4出于禮貌, 不愿意說出動作的執(zhí)行者。Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given.填空：1. Rice _ grow in the south of the States.2.Nowadays, English _ find very useful.3.The work _ finish tomorrow.4.The flowers _ water by them now.5.The railway _ build this time last year.6.The

14、railway _ already _ build.7.The new railway _ build by the end of last year.8. He told me the sports meeting _ hold the next month.4不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況1某些表示“靜態(tài)的及物動詞表示狀態(tài)而不是動作，而且常常是不可用于進展時態(tài)的動詞如have, fit, suit, hold包容, cost, suffer, last持續(xù)等不能用于被動語態(tài)。They have a nice car他們有一輛漂亮的汽車。My shoes don't fit me我的鞋不適宜

15、。My brain can't hold so much information at one time我的腦子一下子記不住這么多資料。How muchWhat does it cost？這值多少錢？Our holiday lasts 10days我們的假期有十天。This food will last them for 3days這食物足夠他們吃三天。2不是所有帶介詞的動詞都能用于被動構(gòu)造。假設(shè)是構(gòu)成成語動詞通常有被動態(tài)，假設(shè)不構(gòu)成成語動詞那么無被動態(tài)。試比較：They arrived at a decision A decision was arrived at他們作出了決定。Th

16、ey arrived at the station他們到達車站。不說：The station was arrived at.He looked into the questionThe question was looked into他調(diào)查了這個問題。3動詞leave分開, enter進入, join參加不可用于被動語態(tài)。The car left the road and hit a tree車子分開了道路，撞上了樹。4某些及物動詞可作不及物動詞用, 特別是后加副詞如well，easily等時。主動語態(tài)有被動含義, 這類動詞常見的有sell, write, wear, wash, cook,

17、open, close, lock, read, record等。His new novel is selling well他的新小說很暢銷。The cloth washes well這布很耐洗。This material won't wear這種材料不耐穿。His play won't act他的戲劇不會上演。The window won't shut這窗關(guān)不上。 The door won't open這門打不開。The door won't lock這門鎖不上。 This poem reads well這首詩讀來很好。5feel, look, app

18、ear, sound, taste, smell等由實意動詞演變而來的系動詞, 后接形容詞作表語, 不可用于被動語態(tài)。Tell me if you feel cold你要是感到冷就告訴我。You're looking very unhappywhat's the matter？你看來很不快樂怎么回事兒？The soup tastes wonderful這湯味道好極了。Those roses smell beautiful那些玫瑰好聞極了。She appears to be friendly她看上去很友好。6賓語是不定式或動詞的-ing形式時，不可用于被動語態(tài)。Peter hop

19、ed to meet her彼得希望遇見她。Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter史密斯先生喜歡看他的女兒。7賓語是反身代詞或互相代詞時，不可用于被動語態(tài)。She can dress herself她可以自己穿衣服。We could hardly see each other in the fog在霧中我們彼此幾乎看不見。8賓語是同源賓語時，不可用于被動語態(tài)。They live a happy life他們過著幸福的生活。The girl dreamed a sweet dream那女孩做了個甜美的夢。9賓語帶有與主語有照應(yīng)關(guān)系的物主代詞時，不可用于被動語態(tài)。

20、如：The old man broke histhe old man'slegs那老人把自己的腿弄斷了。The girl shook herthe girl'shead那女孩搖了搖頭。6主動含義表被動含義的情形1某些動詞的主動形式表被動含義英語中有很多動詞如act, break, catch, cut, clean, drive, draw, let, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash, wear等, 當它們被用作不及物動詞來描繪主語特征時, 其主動形式常用來表達被動含義。另外，像 owe, beat, cook, bake, print,

21、 build, make等, 有時可以用主動形式表達被動含義。This kind of radio doesn't sell well這種收音機不太暢銷。The shop opens at eight o'clock這個商店八點開門。The pipe does not draw well這煙斗不太通暢。These plays act wonderfully這些劇演得好。Kate's book reads like an interesting novel凱特的這本書讀起來像本有趣的小說。注意：主動表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)那么強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。The d

22、oor won't lock門鎖不上。指門本身有缺點The door won't be locked門不會被鎖上。指不會有人來鎖門His novels sell easily他的小說銷路好。指小說本身內(nèi)容好His novels are sold easily他的小說容易銷售。主要強調(diào)外界對小說的需求量大2某些動名詞的主動形式表被動含義a.在need, want, require, deserve和bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairingto be repaired這房子需要修理。My

23、clothes need washingto be washed我的衣服需要洗了。b.形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。The picture-book is well worth readingThe picture-book is very worthy to be read這本畫冊很值得一讀。Such a man as MrSmith is not worth helpingSuch a man as MrSmith is not worthy to be helped像史密斯先生那樣的人不值得幫助。3某些動詞不定式的主動形式表被動含義a當nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等形容詞后跟不定式作狀語，而句子的主語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動含義。Japanese is not difficult to learn日語并不難學(xué)。指日語被學(xué)The water is unfit to drink這水不合適喝。指水被喝The piece of music is pleasant to he