動(dòng)詞不定式學(xué)案

1、動(dòng)詞不定式（The Infinitive ）定義：動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ), 但它仍保持動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，既可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化又有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。、不定式的構(gòu)成（以動(dòng)詞write為例）主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式to write進(jìn)行式無完成式完成進(jìn)行式無動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式構(gòu)成。主動(dòng)形式：to do （表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚﹖o have done 俵示已做）to be doing （表示在做）被動(dòng)形式：to be asked （表示將被做）to have been done俵示已被做）否定形式 : not/never to

2、donot/never to have done not/never to be doing1） 盡量下次不要再遲到。（try）2） 他希望我們不要再同她見面。（wish）二、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法：動(dòng)詞不定式具有 名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此在句中可以做圭迨、表迨、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。（一）不定式做主語(yǔ)：不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般表示具體的、個(gè)別的、一次性或具有將來意義 的動(dòng)作。e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult. 中文： To lose heart means failure.中文： 完成句子：眼見為實(shí)。English:等

3、待比離開好。English:注意：1）不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用 數(shù)2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，常用 it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將不定式放到謂語(yǔ)的后面。it做形式主語(yǔ)，不定式放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：句型 I: It is +adj.+ （ of sb.） + to do sth.形容詞有：good, kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, wise, foolish, honest, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate, silly, selfish等，用于描述人的智力和表現(xiàn)等，不定式的主語(yǔ)可以被該形容 詞修飾.We

4、 were silly to believe him. f It was silly of us to believe him.You were considerate to give me that coat. f You were careless to leave your umbrella on the bus. f You are very kind to tell me the good news. f 句型 II: It is +adj.+ (forsb.) + to do sth.It is +adj.+ for sth + to be done.形容詞有：easy, diff

5、icult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better 等， 表示對(duì)某事、某種行為進(jìn)行評(píng)論.It's hard for me to find a new job. 中文： It's important to learn English well. 中文： It's difficult for the problems to be solved.中文： 句型 III: It is + 名詞 + ( for sb.) + to do sth.It is + 名詞 + for s

6、th + to be done.名詞有：the first time, a pity, a shame, a plea sure, a pleasant thing, one ' s duty, an honor, a crime , no easy job 等It's a good idea for the books to be given to her. 中文：It's the first time for Tom to be here. 中文： It's our duty to help the boss receive visitors. 中文:句型

7、IV: It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience to do sth.It costs sb. some money to do sth.It requires courage / patience / hard work to do sth.Translation:a)你幫我是好的。English : b)學(xué)生考試作弊是愚蠢的English : c)參加這樣重要的會(huì)議我們對(duì)我們是一件榮譽(yù)的事。English : d)對(duì)我們來說學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。English : e)排隊(duì)等候是很有禮貌的。English : f)聽到他那樣跟他媽媽說話我們

8、很生氣。English : g)十分鐘完成這件工作是難的。English : h) 從這乘飛機(jī)到巴黎用我們連兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。English : i) 在河里游泳對(duì)你有許多好處。English : j) 評(píng)論這部電影讓我很疲勞。English : （二）不定式做表語(yǔ)e.g.: My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. 中文： Your mistake was not to write that letter. 中文： 注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，做標(biāo)語(yǔ)的不定式可省略to。The only thing you should do is

9、（to） wait and see.疑問詞how/what/when/where/which等可加不定式作表語(yǔ)。The question is how to improve our English.Translation :1）問題是怎樣才能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)哪兒。The problem is2）我們的計(jì)劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。Our plan is（三）不定式作賓語(yǔ)句型 1: 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + to do.句型 2： 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + for + 賓語(yǔ) + to do.句型 3:主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + 疑問詞 + to do.句型4:用it作形式賓語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) + it +賓補(bǔ) + (for

10、 sb) + to do sth (真正的賓語(yǔ))句型 5: 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + there to be + 名詞或代詞 .afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange , ask*, attempt, beg*, campaign , care, choose*, claim, dare*, decide, demand, expect*, fail, fight, guarantee, happen, help*, hesitate, hope, intend*, longA, manage, need*, neglect, offer, pause, plan，p

11、refer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seem, strive, swear, tend, threaten, trouble*, undertake, wait A, want*, wish*說明：以上帶有號(hào)的動(dòng)詞可用于動(dòng)詞+for+賓語(yǔ)+to do的結(jié)構(gòu)例如：I've arrange for a car to pick them up at the station. . . 一 . 以上帶有“”號(hào)的動(dòng)詞可用于動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+to do的結(jié)構(gòu)例如： He doesn' t really expect her to pas

12、s the exam.說明：只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的口訣（接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞）以上動(dòng)詞想要學(xué)習(xí)早打算（want、 learn、plan）不能接動(dòng)名詞快準(zhǔn)備 有希望（ prepare、hope、 wish、expect）同意否供選擇（agree offer > choose）決定了 已答應(yīng)（decide、be determined> promise）盡力去 著手彳（ manage undertake）別拒絕另1J假裝（refuse、pretend）失敗不是屬于你（fail）Translation:a) Jack不能承擔(dān)起買這樣一幢大房子。(afford)English : b) 你

13、已經(jīng)決定去哪兒了嗎？(decide)English : c) 我們正等火車停下來。(wait)English : d) 我不知道畢業(yè)后是否從事教學(xué)。(know)English : e) 我會(huì)安排這些樂器在星期一被運(yùn)送。(arrange for)中文：f) 我們認(rèn)為這樣翻譯那個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)更好。(think)中文：g)我們覺得全心全意為人民服務(wù)是我們的職責(zé)。(feel)中文：h)這位專業(yè)人士覺得被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)跁?huì)上面對(duì)這么多學(xué)生發(fā)言是一件很光榮的事情。中文：i) 你認(rèn)為不去更好嗎？(consider)中文：j) 我期待得明天會(huì)有一場(chǎng)精彩的演出。(expect)中文：(四)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. 下列動(dòng)詞可用

14、于華語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + to do. ”結(jié)構(gòu)中：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, dare, determined, direct, discover, drive, enable, expect, encourage, forbid, force, get, inform, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prepare, recommend, remind, request, require, send, teach, urge, want, warn, wish

15、2. 下列感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞用于生語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+ do. ”結(jié)構(gòu)中：一感(_),二聽(, ), 三使役(, ?_),五看(, _，)說明：1)以上動(dòng)詞在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中都必須還原to；2) let的被動(dòng)常用 allow/permit/give permission的被動(dòng)形式代替；3)動(dòng)詞help后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，to可加可不加。3. 下列動(dòng)詞用于華語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)+ to be +形容詞或多詞.”結(jié)構(gòu)中:believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, s

16、uppose, think4. hope, demand, suggest, agree, refus磬后不能接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。I hope / demand / suggest you to come on time.(錯(cuò)誤)I hope that you can come on time. (正確)I demand / suggest that you (should) come on time. (正確) 說明：將不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式就成為了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如： I thought him to be the best player of the bas

17、ketball.f He was thought to be the best player of the basketball.We saw him enter the hall.一 HeI believe him to have turned down the job.一 HeTranslation:a) 我想請(qǐng)你幫我做英語(yǔ)練習(xí)。(would like)English : b) Jack被認(rèn)為三年前死于那場(chǎng)空難(air crash)。(think)English : c) 我們從來沒料想到會(huì)有如此多的人。(expect)English : d) 我將讓他再試一次。(get)English

18、: e) 盡管他經(jīng)常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他卻被他的小妹妹弄哭了。English : f) 經(jīng)常聽到他唱這首歌。(hear)English : g)我們同意他參加這次英語(yǔ)比賽。(agree)English : (五)不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)，有時(shí)幾乎等于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，大多用于表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1 .在某些由動(dòng)詞派生的名詞后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)。agreement, arrangement, attempt, claim, decision, desire, determination, failure, need, offer, plan, pleasure, promise, refusal,

19、 tendency, threat, warning, wish 等I don't trust his promise(come) for a visit.中文：He has persisted in her refusal(spend) Christmas in Paris.中文：Mary has no intention(practise) law like her father.中文：注意：在intention或hope后常接"of +動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”形式。2 .在某些由形容詞派生的名詞后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)。ability, ambition, anxiety,

20、 capability, curiosity, eagerness, freedom, patience, readiness, willingness 等Your ability(analyze) the problem really surprises me.中文：He has fulfilled his ambition(be) an architect.中文：3 .用于說明某些名詞的內(nèi)容，常接不定式作定語(yǔ)。appeal, campaign, chance, courage, effort, evidence, opportunity, position, power, reason,

21、right, sense, skill, struggle, talent, way 等You must have the courage(say) No”.中文：We have good reason(believe) that he is lying.中文：4 .用于某些名詞或不定代詞后，表示它們所起的作用。Have you anything(cure) my headache?中文：I need a box(hold) my books.中文：5. the onlythe形容詞最高級(jí)+ +名詞+不定式順序詞(the last, the next)序數(shù)詞(the first, the se

22、cond) >Linda是唯一一個(gè)在那所著名的教育機(jī)構(gòu)工作的老師。English : 出席講座的最年輕的人14歲。English : 注意：A.作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞.或所修飾的名詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等.應(yīng)有必要的介詞；帶直接賓語(yǔ)的不定式修飾一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí).也應(yīng)加上相應(yīng)的介詞。B. 如果不定式修飾 time, place, way, 可以省略介詞：Complete the sentence：a) Give me a knife .(肖U蘋果)b) Some people have no house (住),especially in Beijing.c) The fox f

23、ound a box (站在上面).d) Could you lend me a pen (寫字).e) This is the tool to (勞動(dòng)).f) Give me a piece of paper (寫字).g) I have no idea (把這封彳t給誰(shuí) ).h) He has no place (住).i) This is the best way (阻止這兩人打斗 ).（六）不定式做狀語(yǔ)不定式做狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、結(jié)果、條件、原因或程度。1、作目的狀語(yǔ)（4種句型）句型1 : 例如： To learn a foreign language well,

24、you must try your bestHe came here in order to see Charlie.句型2: 例如： I turned the radio down so as not to disturb himCheck your composition so as to avoid mistakes.句型 3: for there to be例如： For there to be no mistake, you must recheck your composition.中文：For there to be life, there must be air and wat

25、er.中文：句型4： for + sb (不定式本身的主語(yǔ))+ to +動(dòng)詞原形例如： My father bought a new book for me to read.中文：Exercise:a)為了保護(hù)幼苗不被太陽(yáng)曬壞，媽媽把它們放到了陰涼處。(to)English : b) 今天早上他起身很早以免上學(xué)再遲到。(so as to)English : c) 判斷正誤： To save money, every means has been tried.()To save money, he has tried every means.() To learn English well, a

26、 dictionary is needed. ()To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. ()Conclusion : 2、作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)(4種句型)句型1 : 例如：1) His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.中文：2) He arrived at the station too late to catch the early train.j文：3) We found the room to small to hold so many people.中文：4) She was t

27、oo surprised to see how angry her father was.中文：5) He is too anxious to know the examination results.中文：6) She is only too glad to stay at home.中文：7) It's never too late to learn.中文：注意：A. 如果 “too to ”結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞為 anxious, delighted, eager, easy, glad, kind, pleased, ready, willing, surprised 等，其后的不定

28、式表示肯定。B. 當(dāng) all, but, not, never, only, quite, really 等后接“too to ”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，"too"的含義為“very”,不定式?jīng)]有否定意義。句型 2： only to + 動(dòng)詞原形(find / discover / realize / drop 等)表示出乎意料之外的結(jié)果例如： He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.中文：He lift a rock only to drop it on his own feet.中文：句型3: so +形容詞/副詞(原形)+

29、 as to +動(dòng)詞原形“如此一以至于”句型4: such +帶有形容詞的名詞詞組+ as to +動(dòng)詞原形“如此以至于”Translation :a） 對(duì)我來說，這個(gè)問題太難回答了。（tooto）English : b） 他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。（only to）English : 3 .作條件狀語(yǔ)（常位于句首）例如： To look at him, you would like him.To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world.4 .作原因狀語(yǔ)（3種句型）句型1 :主語(yǔ)+表示情感的不及物動(dòng)詞 +不定式句型2:主語(yǔ)

30、+表示情緒或情感的形容詞/過去分詞 +不定式afraid, angry, anxious, eager, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, delighted, disappointed, excited, shocked, surprised句型3：主語(yǔ)+ be +說明人的行為或品質(zhì)的形容詞+不定式例如：1) I could not but laugh to hear such a funny story.2) I'm glad to meet you.3) The boy was rude to speak to the teacher like that.注

31、意：hard, difficult, easy, fit , comfortable等詞也可以接動(dòng)詞不定式。這時(shí)候，作句子主語(yǔ) 的除了是表示人的詞外，還可以是表示物的詞。如： The water is not fit to drink. The bed is comfortable to lie on.5.作狀語(yǔ)表程度形容詞/副詞+ enough to +動(dòng)詞原形"足夠 (以至于)”他說他足夠聰明可以獨(dú)自應(yīng)付這件事。(enough to)English : (七)不定式作獨(dú)立成分：常用的這類短語(yǔ)：to be frankto be sureto say the leastto say

32、nothing ofto be exactto begin withneedless to sayto make a long story short(八)“疑問詞 +不定式”連用疑問代詞 who, what, which、疑問副詞 when, where, how 和連詞 whether等后加動(dòng)詞不 定式，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。注意：1 .介詞后一般不直接加不定式，但可以接疑問詞+不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)；2 .作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)也是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，否則用賓語(yǔ)從句；3 .作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)作必須晚于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，否則用賓語(yǔ)從句。4 .Exercise

33、 1 ：1) How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. ( 作主語(yǔ))2) On hearing the news, he didn' w heowr to laugh or to cry. ()3) One of the main problems is how to do away with pollution.()4) The discussion centred on how to increase their strength.()5) What to do next has not been

34、 decided yet.()Exercise 2:1) There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know.A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which2) I've worked with children before, so I know what in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expecting D. Expects3)

35、I don ' know what I should do next . f I don ' t knowhat to do next.什么時(shí)彳疾能轉(zhuǎn)換?4) Can you tell me how I can improve my English?f Can you tell me?5) The doctor told him when he should take the medicine.一 The doctor told him.6) We can't decide when to start.f We can't decide.7) (什么時(shí)候開始 )

36、has not been decided.8) The problem is(怎樣回復(fù)那個(gè)邀請(qǐng) ).9) I am thinking about( 是否立亥U處理這個(gè)問題 ).10) I didn ，decide.(住什么樣的房間 )11) I didn，decide.(住住哪兒 )12) I don，t know.改什么)13) I don，t know 么做)14)瑪麗提了一些如何學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的建議。(tip)English:15)我們不知道到哪兒去找他。English:三、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài) ：動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)，必須借助句子謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作體現(xiàn)出來。1. 不定式的一般式（to do）：1）表示

37、與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生；I saw him go out.He is said to be very rich.2） 表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生；I plan to attend the meeting tomorrow.He promised to write to me once a week.2. 不定式的進(jìn)行式（to be doing）:1）表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.中文：I am very glad to be working with you.2） 表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生；H

38、e is believed to be coming.中文：The old man seems to be dying.中文：不定式的進(jìn)行式常用在appear, happen, pretend, seem 等動(dòng)詞后。3. 不定式的完成式（to have done）:1）如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，用完成式；I ' m sorry to have kept you waiting.中文：The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.中文：不定式的完成式常用在 appear, believe, hope, pr

39、etend, seem 等表示看法與想法的動(dòng)詞后。2）如果不定式由持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，而且句中有for, since等表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則不定式的完成式表示持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之時(shí)仍沒有結(jié)束；He seems to have been ill for a long time.I ' m happy to have lived with you since came to this school.3）不定式的完成式表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或計(jì)劃；下列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)加不定式的完成式，或它們的過去完成時(shí) （be to, be due to除外）加不定式的一般式，表示過去的期待、沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或計(jì)劃

40、等，常譯為“本打算、原 希望”等；be to do, be due to do, expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wishTranslation:1 .我原本希望更早完成這個(gè)任務(wù)。（hope）English:2 .他們假裝看過那部小說了。(pretend)English:Exercise 1：把下列的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句改為enough to或too to短語(yǔ)：1. The room is so large that it can hold one hundred people.2. The room i

41、s so small that it can't hold one hundred people.3. The text is so easy that a child can understand it.4. The text is so difficult that a child can't understand it.5. He is so short that he can't be a good basketball player.Exercise 2：把下列的從句改為不定式短語(yǔ)：1. There are still a lot of difficultie

42、s we have to overcome.2. Before the machines leave the factory, there is a series of tests that must be passed.3. At the end of the speech he expressed the desire that he should come and work in China someday.4. They signed an agreement that they should expand the trade between the two countries.5.

43、The commander gave orders that we should cross the river.6. She was excited when she heard the news.7. I'm glad I have seen your mother.8. The mother was pleased when she saw her son doing so well at school.9. He was very happy when he saw us so happy.10. They will be disappointed when they hear

44、 it.Exercise 3:1. Would you please tell me next?A. how to doB. what to doC. what do I doD. how I should do2. The girl wasn't to lift that bookcase.A. too strongB. enough strongC. strong enoughD. so strong3. For a time his grandmother found accept his new idea.A. hardB. it hardC. it hard toD. it

45、is hard to4. As she has never been there before, I'll have someone her the way.A. showB. to showC. showingD. showed5. YouA. had ratherB. would ratherC. had betterD. would better6. Nothing can make the brave soldierA. turn againstB.to turn againsthis country.C.to turn toD. turn to7. In the old da

46、ys it was difficult for the poorA. findB.to find a job.C. lookD.to look fordrive slowly. The roads are wet.8. When learning a foreign language, try our best the spirit of it.A. masterB. holdC. take hold of D. to master9. It was foolish his car unlocked.A. for him to leaveB. of him to leaveC. for him

47、 leaveD. him to leave10. Remember the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting back B. put back C.to put back D. will put back11. Napoleon spoke so loudly as to in front of his soldiers.A. hearB.be heardC. listenD.be listened to12. Television and radio to know what is going on all over the wor

48、ld.A. made it possible of usB. have made us possibleC. have made it possible for usD. have made it be possible for us13. I have enjoyed my visit here. I'll be very sorry .A. for leaving B. to leaveC. if leaving D. to have left14. I don't see how I could possible manage the work without .A. t

49、o finish ; helpingB. to finish ; being helpedC. finishing ; helpingD. finishing ; being helped15.We all think it most foolish this mistake.A. for you makingB. of you to makeC. you to makeD. for you to make16. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still .A. a good place which t

50、o be lived inB. a good place to liveC. a good place to live atD. a good place to live for17. 一 You were lost on your way to the lake, weren't you?-Yes, we were and had to stop the way.A. askingB. to askC. askedD. to be asked18. She felt it a great shame so severely in the presence of her boyfrie

51、nd.A. to criticizeB. to have criticizedC. to be criticizedD. to have been criticized19. The advertisements are trying people to buy things they don't really need.A. persuade B. persuading C. be persuading D. to persuade20. If you were much younger, I would arrange as the general manager, for all

52、 your colleagues speak highly of your work.A. for you to workB. of you to workC. for you workD. you work四、動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)1.不定式具有名詞功能：在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，其語(yǔ)態(tài)的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)依照其含義而定：Complete the sentence:1） （愛和被愛） is the greatest happiness of life.2） We can，t afford（住在五星級(jí)賓語(yǔ)）3） The house seems （三個(gè)月前建成）4） I don，t want you5

53、） Jack was（應(yīng)受責(zé)備 ）for the broken window.6） 這些書和雜志不允許被帶出閱覽室。（allow）These books7）我本打算昨天拜訪你，但是我即將出發(fā)時(shí)車突然拋錨了。（hope）1 .2 .不定式具有形容詞功能：在句中作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞（名詞 +不定式）時(shí)，它的語(yǔ)態(tài)有 以下幾種情況：1）不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式由邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不定式用主動(dòng)形式：He is not a man to impress others deeply.2）不定式和被它修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：I

54、 have got a letter to write. （I write a letter.）Do you have any suggestions to offer? （You offer suggestions.）3）不定式和被它修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但不和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：He is reading the report to be published tomorrow.It' s a day never to be forgotten.有時(shí)，也用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可以看作不定式前省去了for somebody。It seems to

55、be the only thing to do.The greatest thing to remember is this.注意下面幾組句子的區(qū)別：A : I have so much work to do.I have so much work to be done. B: Have you anything to send?Have you anything to be sent? C: There is a lot of work to do.There is a lot of work to be done.3.不定式具有副詞功能：后置修飾形容詞（形容詞+不定式）時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形

56、式；作句子狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式依含義而定：1）在下列表示情緒、意愿、可能性等的形容詞后，往往句子的主語(yǔ)也是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，不定式用主動(dòng)形態(tài)；afraid, anxious, bound, careful, certain, crazy, curious, due, eager, fit, happy, likely, lucky, pleased, ready, right, shocked, stupid, sure, thrilled, wrongI am happy to see them again.He is always ready to help others.She is bound to win the game.The child was carele