高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧

1、整理ppt第二篇閱讀第二篇閱讀第一節(jié)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧第一節(jié)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧整理ppt1Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?2Which of the following (sentences/statements) is NOT true according to the passage?3According to the passage，all of the following are TRUE except/but_4The author mentions all of the follow

2、ing EXCEPT_一、常見的設(shè)問(wèn)形式一、常見的設(shè)問(wèn)形式整理ppt5In the passage，the author states that _6According to the passage，when (where，why，how，who，etc.).整理ppt1描寫類細(xì)節(jié)題。描寫類細(xì)節(jié)題。2數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。3排序題。排序題。4信息尋找、廣告閱讀題。信息尋找、廣告閱讀題。5圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題。圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題。6表格理解題。表格理解題。二、常見題型二、常見題型整理ppt1語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換。細(xì)節(jié)理解題設(shè)題時(shí)為了避免出現(xiàn)原文語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換。細(xì)節(jié)理解題設(shè)題時(shí)為了避免出現(xiàn)原文中所用的詞匯，常常使用一些同義詞、近義

3、詞或反義詞中所用的詞匯，常常使用一些同義詞、近義詞或反義詞(雙重否定雙重否定)。因而在解題時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換。因而在解題時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換。2設(shè)題順序。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，題序與其相關(guān)信息在文中設(shè)題順序。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，題序與其相關(guān)信息在文中的順序一致，如某題的答案信息往往會(huì)在下一小題的答的順序一致，如某題的答案信息往往會(huì)在下一小題的答案信息之前。案信息之前。三、設(shè)題方式三、設(shè)題方式整理ppt3設(shè)題干擾項(xiàng)。設(shè)題干擾項(xiàng)。(1)正誤并存：部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。正誤并存：部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。(2)擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍：是原文信息，但不是題干要求。擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍：是原文信息，但不是題干要求。(3)偷換概念：符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的

4、內(nèi)容。偷換概念：符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。(4)以偏概全：與原句的內(nèi)容極其相似，但在程度、態(tài)以偏概全：與原句的內(nèi)容極其相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動(dòng)。度、褒貶色彩上有變動(dòng)。(5)無(wú)中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文章事實(shí)不符無(wú)中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文章事實(shí)不符或相反。或相反。整理ppt1迅速定位，縮小范圍。通過(guò)尋讀法迅速定位，縮小范圍。通過(guò)尋讀法(scanning)，用，用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。2理解其意，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)。在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)理解其意，

5、對(duì)照選項(xiàng)。在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思與之最接近。閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思與之最接近。3排除干擾，選出答案。在作出選擇的過(guò)程中，要善排除干擾，選出答案。在作出選擇的過(guò)程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)危懦蓴_，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案。于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案。四、解題步驟四、解題步驟整理ppt注意：注意：解題時(shí)要留意否定詞解題時(shí)要留意否定詞，如果題干中含有如果題干中含有否定意義的詞否定意義的詞，如如NOT，EXCEPT等等，應(yīng)特別留心。應(yīng)特別留心。在解答排序題時(shí)在解答排序題時(shí)，可采用可采用“首尾定位法首尾定位法”，即先找即

6、先找到第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作到第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作，縮小范圍以便能迅縮小范圍以便能迅速選出正確答案。速選出正確答案。整理ppt例例1 Tuition Fees(學(xué)費(fèi)學(xué)費(fèi))Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from $5，000 to $6，000 a year.For further information：.Accommodation(住宿住宿)You can have a room in a 4bedroom flat，which will cost about $100 a mont

7、h with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person.For further information：.五、典例精析五、典例精析整理ppt You have to pay at least _a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A$5，250 B$8，000C$9，000 D$11，000解析：解析： 數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。本篇是介紹數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。本篇是介紹Waikato大學(xué)的廣告。大學(xué)的廣告。從從“Tuition Fees(學(xué)費(fèi)學(xué)費(fèi))：Tuition fe

8、es are different from department to department，generally from $5，000 to $6，000 a year.”和和“Accommodation(住宿住宿)：You整理ppt答案：答案：Bcan have a room in a 4bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.”可知可知，在那兒學(xué)習(xí)一年的費(fèi)用在那兒學(xué)習(xí)一年的費(fèi)用是：是：$5，000

9、(學(xué)費(fèi)學(xué)費(fèi))$100(住宿費(fèi)住宿費(fèi))12(months)$150(生活費(fèi)生活費(fèi))12(months)$8，000。整理ppt例例2 People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store，a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system(系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng))that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks，you type in

10、the word or pick it from a list，and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.The devices also keeps a record of what you buy.When youve finished，the device figures out your bill.Then you go to the checker or place your card into a selfcheckout stand and pay.整

11、理pptWhich of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping card?aStart the system.bMake a shopping list.cFind the things you want.dGo to a selfcheckout stand.Aabdc BbacdCacbd Dbcad整理ppt解析：解析：答案：答案：B 排序題。排序題。 由第一段第一句話可知第一件事是由第一段第一句話可知第一件事是make a shopping list。去到商店后。去到商

12、店后“start the system”，根據(jù)指引根據(jù)指引“you can find them”，最后去結(jié)賬最后去結(jié)賬，故順序故順序?yàn)闉閎acd。本題也可采用排除法。本題也可采用排除法，c和和d是相鄰且為先后是相鄰且為先后的順序的順序，故排除故排除A、C、D。本題還可結(jié)合自己的購(gòu)物。本題還可結(jié)合自己的購(gòu)物常識(shí)進(jìn)行快速判斷。常識(shí)進(jìn)行快速判斷。整理ppt例例3 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But

13、 I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.整理pptFrom my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I fee

14、l sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They dont get to see this soft side of others. Often，we try every possible way to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show

15、the kindness thats in them.整理ppt1The author has discovered that people will feel happy when _Athey offer their helpBthey receive others helpCthey feel others kindnessDthey show their weakness整理ppt 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段最后一句可知事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段最后一句可知，關(guān)鍵是，關(guān)鍵是理清該句中的理清該句中的it，它指的是前文中的它指的是前文中的“the kindness in people”，其具體行為是其

16、具體行為是“people hold doors for me，pour cream into my coffee，or help me to put on my coat”，人們的這些行為概括起來(lái)人們的這些行為概括起來(lái)，就是就是they offer their help，故選故選A。文中信息與選項(xiàng)表述的關(guān)系是具體與概。文中信息與選項(xiàng)表述的關(guān)系是具體與概括的關(guān)系。括的關(guān)系。解析：解析：答案：答案：A整理ppt2The author feels sad sometimes because _Ahe has a soft heartBhe relies much on othersCsome peo

17、ple pretend to be kindDsome people fail to see the kindness in others整理ppt 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第一句事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第一句but后的內(nèi)容可知后的內(nèi)容可知，D選項(xiàng)中用選項(xiàng)中用some people代替了文中代替了文中“those who appear independent”，用用fail to see代替了文中的代替了文中的miss。解析：解析：答案：答案：D整理ppt3What does the underlined word “it” refer to?AAnimal kingdom. BWeakness.CA

18、ggressive behavior. DKindness. 意義猜測(cè)。意義猜測(cè)。it指代前面的指代前面的the kindness in people。解析：解析：答案：答案：D整理ppt例例4 In a world with limited land，water and other natural resources (資源資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually，the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing an

19、d the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的可持續(xù)的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words，we should keep the earth healthy while

20、using its supply of natural resources.整理pptThe traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _Ait makes the world warmerBit consumes natural resourcesCit brings severe damage to forestsDit makes growth hard to continue整理ppt 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)“the past decades has seen

21、more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm.”可知：傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)可知：傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式的危害是使全球氣候變暖、不能持續(xù)發(fā)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式的危害是使全球氣候變暖、不能持續(xù)發(fā)展、給未來(lái)發(fā)展造成損失。展、給未來(lái)發(fā)展造成損失。B不選不選，過(guò)度使用自然過(guò)度使用自然資源才是有害的。資源才是有害的。解析：解析：答案：答案：B整理ppt閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的A、B、C、和、和D項(xiàng)中項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(一一)Mothers，doctors and nurses alike

22、have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mout

23、h.u即學(xué)即練即學(xué)即練整理pptAccording to the Paragraph，one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _Asick BupsetCsleepy Dhungry 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由該段最后一句事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由該段最后一句“The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.”可知?？芍ungry是是searching for food的近義替換。的近義替換。解析：解析：答案：答案：D整理ppt (二二)When Frida K

24、ahlos paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon(絲帶絲帶) around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.整理pptBorn in 1907 in a village

25、near Mexico City, Kahlo suffered from polio (小兒麻痹癥小兒麻痹癥) at the age of seven.Her spine(脊柱脊柱) became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a schoolbus accident.Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the t

26、errible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.整理ppt In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Riveras strong influence on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works，but h

27、er later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home country. Her first onewoman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her deat

28、h in 1954, Kahlos works remained largely unnoticed by the world，but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.整理ppt 1The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by _.ApolioBher bent spineCback injuriesDthe operation she had 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“her back was broken in several

29、places in a shoolbus accident.but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back”可知選可知選C。解析：解析：答案：答案：C整理ppt 2Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the _A1930s B1940sC1950s D1970s 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段“but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works，show les

30、s influence from her husband”可知選可知選B。解析：解析：答案：答案：B整理ppt (三三)The valuepacked, allinclusive sightseeing package that combines the best of Sydneys harbour, city, bay and beach highlights.A Sydney Pass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses. The “red”Sydney Explorer shows you arou

31、nd our exciting city sights while the “blue”Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily整理pptharbour cruises (游船游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or City Rail services (limited area), so you can

32、go to every corner of this beautiful city. Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise.The possibilities and plans are endless with a Sydney Pass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not requ

33、ired on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.整理ppt Sydney Passes are available for 3.5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All Sydney Passes include a free Airport Exp

34、ress inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid(有效的有效的)for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.整理pptSydney Pass FaresAdultChild*Family * *3 day ticket$90$45$2255 day ticket$120$60$3007 day ticket$140$70$350* A child is defined as anyone from the ages of

35、 4 years to under 16 years.Children under 4 years travel free.* * A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.整理ppt1A Sydney Pass doesnt offer unlimited rides on _Athe Explorer BusesBthe harbour cruisesCregular Sydney BusesDCity Rai

36、l services 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“.City Rail services(limited area)”可知可知，這個(gè)旅行游覽項(xiàng)目是不這個(gè)旅行游覽項(xiàng)目是不提供無(wú)限制乘坐的。提供無(wú)限制乘坐的。解析：解析：答案：答案：D整理ppt2With a Sydney Pass，a traveller can _Asave fares from and to the airportBtake the Sydney Explorer to beachesCenjoy the famous seafood for freeDreserve seats easi

37、ly in a restaurant 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段“.a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days，and the return trip is valid for two months from the first day your ticket is used.”可知答案為可知答案為A。解析：解析：答案：答案：A整理ppt3If 5day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with he

38、r colleague and her children，aged 3，6 and 10，what would the lowest cost be?A$225. B$330.C$360. D$420. 數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。計(jì)算票價(jià)花費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。計(jì)算票價(jià)花費(fèi)，成年人每人成年人每人$120，兩個(gè)成年人為兩個(gè)成年人為$240，3歲的孩子免費(fèi)歲的孩子免費(fèi)，所以兩個(gè)孩子費(fèi)用所以兩個(gè)孩子費(fèi)用是是$120，總共花費(fèi)是總共花費(fèi)是$360。 解析：解析：答案：答案：C整理ppt (四四)Its everywhere.Indoors，advertising is in magazines and newspapers

39、，on television，and even popping up on computer screens outdoors，advertising means billboards.They are in train stations and on the sides of buildings.They are along highways in the countryside. Billboards were once large painted signs that urged customers to buy anything from fried chicken to dish s

40、oap.Nowadays billboards are hightech devices that advertise the products of the modern world，from cellular phone service to perfume.整理ppt Billboards have changed along with technology.Originally painted directly onto wooden boards or the sides of buildings，billboards were first improved by attaching

41、 large printed vinyl strips to a structure to form an advertisers message.Later，mechanical billboards were developed which could display three different images.As one image changed to the next，the movement caught the eye of anyone passing by.More recently，electronic technology has produced backlit b

42、illboards which shine a light through an image printed on a sheet of plastic，and digital billboards that can display huge images similar to those on a television screen.整理ppt The latest trend in billboards is interactivity.In Belgium，a billboard that looked like a pinball machine had people on the s

43、treet using text messaging to answer a question the billboard sent to their cell phones. If they answered correctly，they had a chance to win a new car.In Japan，some billboards feature QR (Quick Response ) codes，a newer version of bar codes，which can be read by specially programmed camera cell phones

44、.When a person takes a picture of a billboard with a QR code，the advertisers整理pptwebsite appears on their phone.A billboard in New Yorks Times Square lets people on the street play a video game using their cell phones，and a huge digital sign in Londons Piccadilly Circus responds when someone waves a

45、t it and displays different images depending on the weather. Billboards do not always get a positive reaction，however.The large number of billboards along American highways led to the Highway Beautification Act of 1965.This group of laws aimed to 整理pptpreserve the scenic beauty of the countryside as well as the safety of people