各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞

1、各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. 概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用動(dòng)詞原形表示。如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。2. 標(biāo)志詞： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week(day, year, month), on Sundays 3. 肯定形式：動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 4. 否定形式：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +not+其他; 此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則為：主語(yǔ)+do+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他, 如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)

2、，則用：主語(yǔ)+does+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 (is not縮寫(xiě):isnt, are not縮寫(xiě):arent, does not縮寫(xiě): doesnt , do not 縮寫(xiě): dont) 5. 一般疑問(wèn)句：be+主語(yǔ)+其他？ Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+其他？6. 例句: 1. I often have dinner at home. 我經(jīng)常在家吃飯。I dont ofter have dinner at home. Do you often have dinner at home? 2. Tom likes singing. 湯姆喜歡唱歌。Tom doesnt like singing. Do

3、es Ton like singing?3. He is always ready to help others. 他總是準(zhǔn)備著去幫助別人。He is not always ready to help others. Is he always ready to help otheres? 2、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 1. 概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)表示。 2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), 時(shí)間詞+ago，（two

4、years ago）, in/on+表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間詞（ in 1989）, just now（剛才）, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago（很久以前）, once upon a time（曾經(jīng)） 3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞（was, were）；行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(助動(dòng)詞：did)4. 肯定形式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)+其他 5. 否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were +not+其他; 主語(yǔ)+did not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 （did not 縮寫(xiě)：didnt） 6. 一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。即：w

5、as/were+主語(yǔ)+其他? Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？7. 例句：1. She came to help us last month. 上個(gè)月她來(lái)幫助了我們。She did not come to help us last month. Did she come to help you last month？ 2. He was a student two years ago. 兩年前他是一名學(xué)生。He was not a student two years ago. Was he a student two years ago?三一般將來(lái)時(shí)1. 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打

6、算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon（很快）, in a few minutes（幾分鐘之后）, by（by 2000， 到2000年時(shí)）,the day after tomorrow, in+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（in two hours 兩小時(shí)后），in the future(在將來(lái)) in future（從今，往后）3.肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +going to + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他；主語(yǔ)+will/shall + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他. 4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+ going to+動(dòng)詞

7、原形 ； 主語(yǔ)+will/shall+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他. （will not 縮寫(xiě)：wont shall not 縮寫(xiě)：shant）5.一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。Be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？ Will/shall+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？四現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。 2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Now, at this time（此時(shí)）, at this moment(此刻), look, listen, at present, these days, this week 3. 肯定形式：主語(yǔ)+be +doing +其

8、他 4. 否定形式：主語(yǔ)+be +not +doing+其他 5. 一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。 Be+主語(yǔ)+doing+其他？6.例句：1. They are going to have a competition(競(jìng)賽) with us in studies. 他們班將要和我們班在學(xué)習(xí)上進(jìn)行一次競(jìng)賽。They are not going to have a competition with us in studies. Are they going to have a competition with us in studies? 2. It will/shall rain in a

9、few minutes. 幾分鐘之后要下雨了。It will/shall not reain in a few minutes. Will/Shall it rain in a few minutes?7. 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞:have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞: know, realize, think

10、see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞:accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系動(dòng)詞:seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, t

11、aste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.五. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 概念：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示過(guò)去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3. 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): just then(那時(shí)), at this time yesterday, yesterday afternoon, at that time, this morning, the whole morning, the whole morning, all day yesterda

12、y, from nine to ten last evening, those days或以when, while引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句則在was/were后加一個(gè)not,疑問(wèn)句將was/were提前則可。如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasn

13、t.)What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作。也就是說(shuō)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，只表示有過(guò)這件事；用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我寫(xiě)了一封信。（信寫(xiě)完了）I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在寫(xiě)一封信。（信不一定寫(xiě)完） The children watched TV yesterday evening. 昨天晚上孩子們看了電視。（強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生了

14、這件事）The children were watching TV yesterday evening. 昨晚孩子們都在看電視。（強(qiáng)調(diào)昨晚看電視這一動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性）6. when和while的區(qū)別：他們作從屬連詞時(shí)都有“當(dāng). 時(shí)候”之意，用法稍有不同： when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 when引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是短暫性動(dòng)詞則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間段之內(nèi)（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）；如果主句和從句兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則全

15、部用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),這時(shí)when和while都可以用。 when從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生；while和as從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。when +短/延while +延 when和while兩個(gè)詞還可以用作并列連詞，但意思不同，when相當(dāng)于“在那時(shí)”，等于at that time或just then;而while則相當(dāng)于“而；卻；但是”；相當(dāng)于but,表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。（這一點(diǎn)暫時(shí)可以不掌握）eg. I was playing computer games when my father got home. = When my father got home

16、,I was playing computer games. (2) Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework. = When/While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking.六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. 用法1：表示：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, before2. 用法2：表示：過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞：for, since, sinceago3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞hav

17、e/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱(chēng)用have)1)肯定式：主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞2)否定式：主語(yǔ) + have / has + not + 過(guò)去分詞3)一般疑問(wèn)句： Have / Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞Yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語(yǔ) + haven't/hasn't.(否定)4)特殊疑問(wèn)句： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞4. for和since的區(qū)別： for+時(shí)間段 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)4. 注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”的句型中。這

18、類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞。例如： arrive, come be here, be in buy have begin, start be on ;die be dead finish, end be over go out be outjoin be in borrowkeep finish/end be overclose be closed leave, move be away; fall asleep be a

19、sleep5.比較過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如li