九年級英語總復(fù)習(xí)(八)動詞的分類

1、(八)動詞的分類近年來對動詞的考查主要是動詞的種類及各類動詞的基本區(qū)別，動詞的基本變化形式，常見的動詞的詞義辨析及短語動詞的辨析，其中，動詞和短語動詞的辨析以及動詞的基本變化形式是考查的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。預(yù)計(jì)2016年動詞考查的趨勢將是在具體的語言環(huán)境中考查基礎(chǔ)動詞及短語動詞的辨析。動詞是表示人或事物動作和狀態(tài)的詞。按照其語法功能，動詞分為行為動詞、系動詞、助動詞及情態(tài)動詞四類。行為動詞又叫實(shí)義動詞，分為及物動詞(后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的動詞)，不及物動詞(本身意義不完整，其后不能接賓語的動詞)；系動詞(不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語)；助動詞(本身沒有詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和別的動詞

2、一起構(gòu)成謂語的詞，這類詞表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等特征，幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問等)；情態(tài)動詞(本身有一定的意義，但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)使用，必須和實(shí)義動詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，表示說話者的情感、態(tài)度和語氣)。1. 動詞的種類 類別功能及用法例子行為動詞及物動詞vt.本身含有實(shí)在意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，在句中能獨(dú)立作謂語?？梢越淤e語afford，buy，enjoy，keep不及物動詞vi.不可以直接接賓語arrive，cry，die，fall連系動詞本身有一定的詞義，但詞義不完整，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。be，smell，look，taste助動詞本身沒有詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和

3、實(shí)義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定、疑問等。do，does，will，shall情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和實(shí)義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。may，must，can，need1不及物動詞要想接賓語，必須在不及物動詞后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：The baby is smiling at us.嬰兒正對著我們笑。He died of hunger.他死于饑餓。Please listen to the teacher carefully.請仔細(xì)聽老師講課。2雙賓語動詞后面跟兩個(gè)賓語，直接賓語為動詞直接涉及的事物；間接賓語往往指涉及的人。間接

4、賓語有時(shí)可放到后面去，由介詞to或for引導(dǎo)，變成介詞短語。(1)能接以to引導(dǎo)的間接賓語的動詞常見的有：bring，give，leave，lend，offer，pass，play，read，send，show，take，teach，tell，write等。如：Could you lend your dictionary to me？請你把你的字典借我用用好嗎？She passed the salt to him.她把鹽遞給了他。(2)能接以for引導(dǎo)的間接賓語的動詞常見的有：bring，build，buy，cook，cut，fetch，find，get，keep，make，order，sav

5、e，pick，play，sing，take，win，write等。如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母親每天都為我們做早飯。I'll fetch a chair for you.我去給你拿一個(gè)凳子。()1. (2015·自貢)Do you think our basketball team will win the match?Yes，we have better players. So I _ them to win.Ahope Bhelp Cexpect()2. (2015·鄂州)Do you know the

6、song Where has the time gone?Sure. It _ beautiful. I like it a lot.Asmells Btastes Csounds Dlooks()3. (2015·聊城)The company can _ lunch for you if you work there.Afeed Bprovide Chave Deat()4. (2015·宜昌)Let's do something for our dad.Good idea. We should always _ father's love for us.

7、Aexplain Bsuppose Cwonder Dvalue()5. (2015·萊蕪)If you need to go to the restroom in class，please _ your hand.Araise Brise Cshake Dwash2. 常見連系動詞的用法 常用連系動詞詞義例句be是I'm a girl with short hair.become成為，變得Mike becomes interested in Chinese.turn變得Mr. White's face turned red.get變得The weather is g

8、etting bad.smell聞起來The flowers smell nice.sound聽起來The plan sounds good.taste嘗起來The soup tastes delicious.stay保持The shop stays open till 8 pm.grow成長，變得Her hair is growing white.keep保持The girl keeps silent all the time.feel感到，摸起來The coat feels very soft.look看起來My mother looks very young.注意1. 連系動詞不能單獨(dú)作

9、謂語，其后必須接形容詞、名詞或介詞短語作表語。2含連系動詞(be除外)的句子變疑問句時(shí)一定要借助助動詞do，does，did等。 ()6. (2015·濱州)Mom is making dinner. It _ so nice!Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds()7. (2015·安徽)The running water makes the stones _ very smooth.Asound Btaste Csmell Dfeel()8. (2015·重慶A)Your mother _ younger than she is.Tha

10、nk you for saying so.Alooks Blistens Csees Dhears()9. (2015·鹽城)TF BOYS' songs _ sweet and many of us like listening to them.Asound Bfeel Ctaste Dlook ()10. (2015·青島)The meat on the plate _ so delicious. Let's try it together.Asmells Bsounds Csees Dfeels3. 情態(tài)動詞的用法 情態(tài)動詞意義及用法例句may表示“請

11、求許可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑問句的否定回答為mustn't。May I go out and play football?No，you mustn't. 表推測，意思是“可能”。Mr. Li may be at home.can(could)表示“能力”，意思是“能，會”，否定形式為can't，couldn't。Mike can speak a little Chinese.I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.用在疑問句中，表示“征求意見”，could比can的語氣更委婉、客氣。Could you

12、 tell me something about your school？表推測，常用在否定句和疑問句中。He can't be at home. He has gone to Japan.can用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)及一般過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)，be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。He can spell these words.He has been able to draw pictures already.must表示義務(wù)、命令或要求，意思是“必須，應(yīng)該”，否定形式為mustn't，意思是“不應(yīng)該，不允許”，表示警告。You must be careful next time.You

13、 mustn't take photos here.表示推測，意為“必定”。He must be in the room.表示說話人的主觀看法。I must go home now.must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答時(shí)用must，have to；否定回答時(shí)用needn't或don't have to。Must I finish the homework today?No，you needn't/you don't have to.need 表示“需要”，多用于否定句。He needn't worry about it.作實(shí)義動詞，后接動詞不定式。

14、I'm very tired and I need to have a rest.()11. (2015·成都)Cars，buses，bikes and people _ stop when the traffic lights are red.Acan Bmay Cmust()12. (2015·內(nèi)江)Must I hand in the exercise book today，Miss Green?No，you _.Take your time. Just tomorrow.Ashouldn't Bneedn't Cmustn't Dca

15、n't()13. (2015·長沙)_ I use your dictionary?Of course. But please return it to me before you leave.AMust BNeed CMay()14. (2015·萊蕪)Life is changeable. No one knows what _ happen in the future.Ashould Bneed Chave to Dmight()15. (2015·揚(yáng)州)You look pretty in green，Kate.Thank you. I like

16、green. Green _ give me energy.Acan Bmust Cshould Dhas to4. 短語動詞 類別實(shí)例漢義動詞副詞add up加起來break out爆發(fā)carry on堅(jiān)持下去；繼續(xù)下去change into轉(zhuǎn)換成；變成clean up打掃干凈clear up整理，收拾；(天氣)放晴come back回來；想起來come down落下來come in進(jìn)入，進(jìn)來cut down砍倒cut off切斷cut up切碎eat up吃光，吃完fall behind落在后面；輸給別人find out發(fā)現(xiàn)；查明get along相處，進(jìn)展get together聚會，聯(lián)

17、歡get up起床give away分發(fā)；贈送give back歸還，送回give in屈服give out分發(fā)；用完，耗盡give up放棄go ahead繼續(xù)；去吧go away走開，離去go on繼續(xù)grow up長大，成長hand in上交；交納hand out分發(fā)hold on堅(jiān)持；(打電話)別掛斷keep on繼續(xù)(進(jìn)行)let in讓進(jìn)來，放進(jìn)look ahead向前看look up查找pay back償還(借款等)pick up拾起，撿起；開車接；學(xué)會point out指出，標(biāo)明put off推遲put on穿；戴上；上演put up舉起；張貼start off出發(fā)stay u

18、p熬夜take off脫下；起飛turn down聲音調(diào)小turn in上交turn off關(guān)閉wake up喚醒，醒來watch out當(dāng)心work out計(jì)算出add up加起來動詞介詞agree with贊同，同意(某人的看法)arrive at/in到達(dá)ask for請求；詢問base on以為依據(jù)belong to屬于break into破門而入call for需要；呼吁care for在乎，關(guān)心come from來自deal with處理；對付depend on/upon依靠；相信；依賴get over克服get to到達(dá)go by走過，經(jīng)過；(時(shí)間)流逝go over復(fù)習(xí)knoc

19、k at敲laugh at嘲笑learn from向?qū)W習(xí)look after照顧look at看，觀看look for尋找look like看起來像pass by經(jīng)過point to指向quarrel with(和某人)爭吵stand for代表(某事物)；支持stick to堅(jiān)持talk about談?wù)搕hink about考慮think of想起，想出；認(rèn)為wait for等待agree with贊同，同意(某人的看法)動詞副詞介詞add up to加起來總計(jì)catch up with趕上come up with想出get along with相處go on with繼續(xù)進(jìn)行keep aw

20、ay from遠(yuǎn)離keep up with跟上；和保持聯(lián)系look down on/upon看不起look forward to盼望look out of朝外看make up of由組成，構(gòu)成run out of耗盡add up to加起來總計(jì)注意：對于“動詞副詞”類的短語，如果是名詞作賓語，那么這個(gè)名詞既可以放在短語之間也可以放在短語的后面，但是如果是代詞作賓語，則代詞一定要放在短語之間。如：He turned off all the lights when he left.當(dāng)他離開時(shí)，他關(guān)上了所有的燈。He picked it up and gave it to me.他撿起它，然后把它交

21、給了我。()16. (2015·益陽)The boy is sleeping. Please _ the radio.Aturn up Bturn off Cturn on()17. (2015·宜昌)The organization Wild Aid is _ to protect wild animals.It has done a lot so far.Acheered up Bpicked up Ctaken up Dset up()18. (2015·十堰)_ these past three years，I remember many things.A

22、Looking up to BLooking out CLooking back at DLooking after()19. (2015·德州)When I got to the bus stop，I missed the early bus and I had to _ the next one.Agive up Bkeep off Ccall off Dwait for()20. (2015·宜賓)You'd better _ the test paper before handing it in.Ago ahead Bgo on Cgo off Dgo ov

23、er()1. Can I borrow your English book，please?Sure. But you must _ it to me soon.Akeep Bbuy Creturn Dhold()2. Have you ever listened to the song Baby?Yes，it _ wonderful. All of us like it very much.Asmells Bsounds Clooks Dtastes()3. How about the silk skirt?It _ soft！I'll take it.Atastes Bsounds

24、Csmells Dfeels()4. After the serious illness，he finally _ how important health is.Arealized Bmeant Cadded Dimpressed()5. The old man's eyesight isn't very good. He often _ Tim for Jim.Aregards Btreats Cmistakes Dthinks()6. Why is Lily so popular among the students?Because she often _ us with

25、 help and care.Agives Boffers Cprovides Dsupports()7.Do you think Houston Rockets will beat Lakers?Yes. They have better players，so I _ them to win.Ahope Bthink Cdepend Dexpect()8. How long do you think the terrible weather will _？Why not listen to the weather report?Aappear Blast Cchange Ddiscover(

26、)9. Listen！The whole class is quiet now. It _ that everyone falls asleep.Aseems Blooks Csounds Dgets()10. How long can I _ this novel Gulliver's Travels?Only two weeks.Aborrow Blend Creturn Dkeep()11. Wow，the dish _ delicious. Could you please tell me how to cook it?Akeeps Btastes Csounds Dfeels

27、()12. Why does Zhang Lei look unhappy?Because her best friend didn't _ her to go on a picnic.Amake Blet Cinvite Drefuse()13. David _ his friend's invitation to the picnic in order to stay at home and have a good rest.Aexpected Brefused Creceived Dtold()14. Who's that boy in the red coat?

28、He is my new friend. Let me_ him to you.Aintroduce Btell Cpromise Dsay()15. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to _ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty.Ataste Bsmell Cwash Dplant()16. May I go to the cinema，Mum?Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 o'clock.Acan Bmay Cmust Dneed()1

29、7. _ I speak to May，please?I'm sorry she _ come to the phone because she is busy now.AMight；won't BCan；mustn'tCMay；can't DCould；shouldn't()18. I want to know if I _ smoke here.No，you _.Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?Acan；needn't Bmust；can't Cshall；won't Dca

30、n；mustn't()19. Whose notebook is this?It _ be Tom's. It has his name on it.Amust Bmay Cmight Dcan't()20. _ you pass me the dictionary，please?Sure. Here you are.ACould BNeed CMust DMight()21. Must I go there with you?No，you _.David _ go with me.Amustn't；can Bcan't；must Cdon't；

31、should Dneedn't；may()22. You _ be careful when crossing the roadthe traffic lights aren't working.Amight Bshould Ccould Dmay()23. Could I borrow your ruler?Yes，of course you _.Awill Bshould Ccan Dneed()24. You _ return the book now. You can keep it until next week if you like.Ahave to Bcan&#

32、39;t Cmustn't Dneedn't()25. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but luckily everyone _ get out.Ahad to Bwould Cwas able to Dcould()26. Is Paul coming by train?He should，but he _.He likes driving his car.Acan't Bneedn't Cmay not Dmustn't()27. Isn't that Ann's hu

33、sband over there?No，it _ be him. I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.Acan't Bmust not Cwon't Dmay not()28. Susan，you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!Awouldn't Bmustn't Cneedn't Dmay not()29. Listen！Someone is singing in the next room. Who _ it be？Is it Zhu Le

34、i?No. It _ be her. She is at school now.Awill；may not Bmust；mustn't Cmay；can't Dmay；won't()30. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive.Amust Bcan Cmustn't Dcan't()31. Do you know if he is still living?I'm not sure. I think he_ die in a battle in 1943.Ahave to Bshould Cmust Dmight()32. You can sit and read the books here if you _.Thank you very much.A