光學分析概論

1、1，cchhEE，注：光基態(tài)激發(fā)態(tài)釋放能量發(fā)光hMM*發(fā)射光譜激發(fā)態(tài)光基態(tài)吸收輻射能量*MhM吸收光譜轉(zhuǎn)振電分EEEEchhE能級差轉(zhuǎn)振電EEE遠紅外吸收光譜紅外吸收光譜可見吸收光譜紫外轉(zhuǎn)振電mevEmevEmevE2525005. 0005. 025. 125105. 025. 106. 0201CABeerlALamber定律：定律：nlSII吸光質(zhì)點數(shù)為厚度為物體截面為透過光強為入射光強為0 xxdISdnkSdSdnkdSdnI透過薄層減弱的光強為幾率光子通過薄層被吸收的不讓光子通過的面積為薄層的吸光質(zhì)點數(shù)為設入射光強為SdnkIdIxxnIIxxSdSkIdI00SnEIISnkII

2、00lglnClSnCVnlVS和由lCEIIBeerLamber0lg定律表達式lCETAIITlg0吸光度透光率lECAT1010或：吸光系數(shù)EcbaAAAA總lCAE%1110cmEM下測定須在較小的左右測定靈敏度高maxmaxmaxmaxlCAEAA樣參調(diào)節(jié)光路光學性質(zhì)和厚度相同樣品池樣品溶液，參比池空白溶液樣品池參比池配制樣品的溶劑空白溶液ATA%1000 注：采用空白對比消除因溶劑和容器的吸收、光的散射和 界面反射等因素對透光率的干擾lCEA21020121IIII和為對應的透過光光強分別和入射光光強分別為的光組成和設入射光由波長為lECIIlCEIITA10lglg0002010

3、201020102010201211212110101010IIIIIIIIIIIITlCEElCElCElCE）（又0201020111210lglgIIIIlCETAlCEE）（偏離線性關(guān)系越嚴重與）（定律不成線性關(guān)系，偏離與成線性關(guān)系CAEEBeerCAEElCEAEE1221121TlElEAClCETAlg1lgTTTCClg434. 0濃度的相對誤差0)lg()lg434. 0(434. 0)lg434. 0(2TTTTTTTdTd對應最小的測量誤差，%80.36434. 0lgTT%5 . 0%1%2 . 0TT今假設大多數(shù)分光光度計的適宜測量范圍7 . 02 . 0%20%65

4、：AT測定結(jié)果相對誤差較小 棱鏡棱鏡對不同波長的光折射率不同對不同波長的光折射率不同色散元件色散元件 分出光波長不等距分出光波長不等距 光柵光柵衍射和干涉衍射和干涉 分出光波長等距分出光波長等距鎢燈或鹵鎢燈鎢燈或鹵鎢燈可見光源可見光源 3501000nm氫燈或氘燈氫燈或氘燈紫外光源紫外光源 200360nm光電池光電池光電管光電管光電倍增管光電倍增管二極管陣列檢測器二極管陣列檢測器min%11maxmax，shcmE45. 315. 388. 170. 155036127836155036127812AAAAVB，三處最大吸收，定性鑒別：藥典規(guī)定%06. 01002101 . 1%/101 .

5、 1100/101 . 1143505. 0334%11腎上腺酮mlmgmlglEACcmlECA定量依據(jù)：要求單色光前提：iECAmLgCigW 求含樣過程：已知稀釋)/(/)(lEAmLgCi100/lALmolCi/或%100%樣CCiimLgmLglEAC/0 .20100/00200. 01207414. 0mLgmLgCi/1045. 2100/1045. 21207507. 053mLgC/1050. 2100101001050. 252樣%0 .98%1001050. 21045. 2%100%5512樣CCBi%)0 .764(591. 01001025000.2036725

6、5iEAmLmLmLmgmlmLHCL求已知測移取稀至樣品稀至吡啶 mLgmLglEACi/1092. 7100/1092. 7764591. 064%0 .99%10025010100100 . 21092. 7%100%26樣CCii條件前提：固定儀器和測定CACKA樣樣同上條件固定條件查得測定樣品曲線分別測定配制標準系列過程：CAACA標樣標樣標樣標樣AACCAACCmLmgmLmLmLmg250 . 32550/200. 0樣品標樣分別移取標樣與樣品濃度相近；截距為固定儀器和測定條件；前提：0標樣和分別測定一定過程：AASiSiAACCsCiCCSiSiAAmm%100%mmiimLg

7、CCii/1 .98518. 0508. 01000100000.25105 . 2%1 .98%100%12標示量標示量iCB1207508. 01050. 2iiClEACmLgCi/1 .98%1 .98%100%12標示量標示量iCBcbaAAAA總定量依據(jù)：aaaaaaEACCEA1111由bbbbbbEACCEA2222由bbaaAEAE222111；測定；測定過程：babaaaAEEAE2222111；和測定；測定過程：aaaaaaEACCEA1111由bbaababaCECEAAA22222由baababECEAC222babababaAEEAEE22221111；和測定；和測

8、定bbaababaCECEAAA11111bbaababaCECEAAA22222bababbabbaaEEEEEAEAC12211221babaabaababEEEEEAEAC12212112babababaAAAAAA222111babbaabababaAAAAAAAAA)()(212121aaAAa2121和的等吸收點選bbbbbbbbaCECEEAAA)(2121bbabbbabEAEEAC21bbAAb 2 1 2 1和的等吸收點選aaaaaaabaCECEEAAA)(21 2 1abaaabaaEAEEAC 2 1 倍率因子令KAAbb21)()()()(1212112212aabbababbababaAKAAKAAAAAKAKAAbA1bA2aaaaabaCEKEAKAA)(1212的干擾消除了bCAaba9 .927%11cmEmLgmLgCi/10900. 4100/10900. 419 .927463. 064mLgC/10000. 55052001000.1063樣%0 .98%10010000. 510900. 4%100%66樣咖啡酸CCi5052001稀釋因子注：%11cmE12000 .10