高中狀語(yǔ)從句講解(經(jīng)典打印版)

1、狀語(yǔ)從句1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(1) when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬間性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前。when you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)工作時(shí)，你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證件。（同時(shí)）when the students heard the teachers footsteps, they all adopted talking.當(dāng)學(xué)生們聽(tīng)到老師的腳步聲時(shí)，他們都停止了講話(huà)。（從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前）

2、 when還可表示just then（正在那時(shí)）的意思，此時(shí)其所引導(dǎo)的從句只放在主句之后。we were about to start when it began to rain. 我們正要?jiǎng)由?，突然天下起雨?lái)。The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比賽剛剛開(kāi)始就下起雨來(lái)。 (2) as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as側(cè)重表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作并相發(fā)生,翻譯成一邊，一邊。We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. 她梳頭時(shí)我們?cè)诔栽顼垺?(3) w

3、hile引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句while或“在期間”，所引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的，并表示和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 當(dāng)老師用英語(yǔ)解釋課文時(shí)，學(xué)生們聚精會(huì)神地聽(tīng)并做著筆記。I can learn while I work. 我可以邊工作邊學(xué)習(xí)。 (4) before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 before“在之前”Ill be back before you have left. 你離開(kāi)之前我就會(huì)回來(lái)。 befor

4、e“之后才”It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要過(guò)許多年我們才能再見(jiàn)了。It was three days before I came back. 他三天后才回來(lái)。 (5) as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as soon as 是最常見(jiàn)的表示“一就”的從屬連詞，其他連詞還有immediately，instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它們通常都可與as soon as換用。As soon

5、as we got home, the telephone rang. 我們一到家，電話(huà)就響了。I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看見(jiàn)她就認(rèn)出她來(lái)了。Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老師一進(jìn)來(lái)，大家就靜了下來(lái)。 (6) hardly.when/no sooner.than引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞hardly/barely/scarcely.when和no sooner.than的意思是“剛就”，它們所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：He had no soone

6、r (no sooner had he)arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛一到家，就又要他出另一次差。No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.這些話(huà)剛一出口，他就意識(shí)到自己應(yīng)該保持沉默。(7) since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在含有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： Weve ne

7、ver met since we graduated from the college. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我們就再?zèng)]見(jiàn)過(guò)面。Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后，這里發(fā)生了巨大變化。 (8) till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 till和until同義，作“直到時(shí)(為止)”解，till多口語(yǔ)話(huà)，until多用于句首。如：Donald will remain in college until(till) he finishes his Ph.D course. 唐納德將留在學(xué)校直到完成他的博士學(xué)位課程。I wont go with

8、 you until(till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作業(yè)我才和你一起去。2. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句(1) where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，很簡(jiǎn)單，最基礎(chǔ)的。從屬連詞where“在（或到）的地方”Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。Put it where you found it. 把它放在原來(lái)的地方。 where 在地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句中，除指地點(diǎn)外，還可指處境等。就看句子翻譯了。如：He said he was happy where he was. 他說(shuō)他對(duì)自己的處境很滿(mǎn)意。Its your fault that

9、 she is where she is. 她今天落到這個(gè)地步都怪你。(2) wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句wherever=no matter where,后者只能放句首。從屬連詞wherever“在（或到）的各個(gè)地方”：You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 這些天你可以去你想去的地方。Where (no matter where) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed.專(zhuān)家每到一處， 都受到熱烈的歡迎。Sit down wherever you like. 你喜歡坐哪兒就坐

10、哪兒wherever不可以換成no matter where 3. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句(1) because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句 通常用于回答why引出的疑問(wèn)句，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，該從句一般位于主句后面。I didnt go abrord with her because I couldnt afford it. 我沒(méi)有和她一起出國(guó)是因?yàn)橘M(fèi)用太高。Dont scamp your work because you are pressed for time. 不要因?yàn)闀r(shí)間倉(cāng)促而馬馬虎虎。 (2) as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句 as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句多位于主句之前，通?？梢院蛃ince換用。如：As I didnt kn

11、ow the way，I asked a policeman. 我不認(rèn)識(shí)路，因而問(wèn)警察。As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. 由于在下雪，我們不去爬山了。 (3) since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句多位于主句之前，通?？梢院蚢s換用。與as用法一樣Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane. 既然乘飛機(jī)旅行快得多，他們就決定坐飛機(jī)。Since you wont help me ，Ill ask someone else.

12、 你既然不幫我，那我就請(qǐng)別人幫忙。 (4) now(that)引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句now(that)“既然”， Now(that) you have passed your test you can drive on your own. 你既已考試合格，就可以獨(dú)自開(kāi)車(chē)了。(5) seeing (that)引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句Seeing (that)“鑒于；由于”，通常用于非正式文體。如：Seeing (that) the weather is bad，well stay at home. 天氣不好，我們還是呆在家里吧。4. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句(1) in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句in o

13、rder that“為了；以便”。多用于正式文體，通?？梢耘cso that換用。如：You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.他們?cè)诤贾萃Ａ讼聛?lái)，以便游覽西湖。The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.專(zhuān)家講得很慢，以便人人聽(tīng)得懂。(2) so (that)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that“為了；以便”。so that通常可以與in order that換用，它所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句總是放在主句之后，在非正式文體中

14、，常省略that。如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要講得清楚，他們才聽(tīng)得懂。She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.她要七點(diǎn)鐘備好茶點(diǎn)，這樣她八點(diǎn)以前就可以出門(mén)了。(3) in case/for fear (that)等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句in case，for fear(that)這倆個(gè)從屬連詞都表示否定目的，意思是“以免”,“以防”。in case它所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是陳述語(yǔ)氣形式，也可以是虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式；for fear(that)引導(dǎo)的

15、從句中的謂語(yǔ)帶有may，might，should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Take your umbrella in case it rains. 帶上你的傘，以防下雨。 He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他帶了一把傘，以防下雨。 1. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句(1) so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后，so that”引導(dǎo)什么從句根據(jù)句意來(lái)判斷Suddenly it began to rain heavily，so that it was almost impossible to carry

16、 on driving.突然下起了大雨，幾乎無(wú)法繼續(xù)開(kāi)車(chē)。Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.琳達(dá)到達(dá)后給我打了電話(huà)，因而我知道她平安無(wú)事。 (2) so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so.that“如此以致”，that可以省略，so后面接形容詞或副詞。如：She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.她說(shuō)話(huà)如此之快竟沒(méi)有人聽(tīng)出來(lái)她在講什么。There is so little time left that I have

17、 to tell you about it latter.現(xiàn)在剩下的時(shí)間不多了，我只好以后再給你講這件事。(3) such.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的such.that的具體內(nèi)容是：such+a/an+形容詞+名詞+that從句。such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+that=so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that從句。The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed(The professor told us so funny a story that all the stude

18、nts laughed.) 教授講了個(gè)很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的學(xué)生都笑了起來(lái)。2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句(1) if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句If引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。翻譯成“如果”If I were a bird ,I would fly. 如果他說(shuō)了那樣的話(huà)，他不可能是說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)。(2) unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless引導(dǎo)的是否定條件狀語(yǔ)從句，在意義上相當(dāng)于if.not，而且語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，一般不用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Youll be late unless you hurry. 你會(huì)遲到的，如果不趕快的話(huà)。 (3) if only引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句if only在引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“只要；如果”。如

19、:Ill let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition. 只要你把車(chē)保養(yǎng)好，我就讓你用。 (4) as/so long as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句as/so long as意為“只要；如果”。如：As long as it doesnt rain, we can play. 只要不下雨我們就能玩。 (5) provided (that)/providing (that)引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句provided (that)/providing (that)意為“如果；只要”。如：I will agree to go providing

20、 (that my expense are paid.) 假如為我負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用，我就同意去。3. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(1) although/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although和though，都作“雖然；盡管”解，通?？梢該Q用， Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.雖然和她談了半天，他還是不能讓她信任自己。(2) even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句even if “即使，縱然”，從句表示的是尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況。如：Even if I failed again, I

21、 will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失敗，我也決不會(huì)放棄實(shí)驗(yàn)。 (3) even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句even though“雖然，盡管”，通?？梢院蚢lthough/though換用。如：Even though I didnt understand a word，I kept smiling. 即使我一個(gè)字也不懂，我還是保持微笑。Even though you say so，I do not believe it. 即使你這樣說(shuō)，我也不信。 (5) while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句swhile“雖然，盡管”，While I understand

22、 your point of view，I do not share it.我雖了解你的觀點(diǎn)，但不敢茍同。 (6) whatever/no matter what引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Whatever=no matter what都作“無(wú)論什么”解，Whatever/No matter what he says，dont go. 不管他說(shuō)什么，你都不要走。We are determined to fulfill the task whatever happens.不管發(fā)生什么了，我們決心完成任務(wù)。(7) whichever/no matter which引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Whichever=no

23、matter which都作“無(wú)論哪個(gè)”解 Whichever/No matter which you buy， there is a six-month guarantee.不論你買(mǎi)哪個(gè)，都有六個(gè)月的保修期。No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse Barbara was determined to find them. 不管這兩個(gè)人是誰(shuí)偷了她的錢(qián)包，芭芭拉決心找到他們。(8) whoever/no matter who引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Whoever=no matter who都作“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”解You cant come in，

24、whoever you are. 不管你是誰(shuí)，都不能進(jìn)來(lái)。 (10) however/no matter how引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句However=no matter how都作“無(wú)論如何”解However high it may be，it cant reach the sky. 它不論有多高，也高不到天上去。 (11) whenever/no matter when引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Whenever=no matter when 都作“無(wú)論何時(shí)”解，Whenever Im unhappy，he cheers me up. 每當(dāng)我不高興時(shí)，他就給我鼓勁兒。 (13) as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)作“雖然；盡管”和“即使”解，但是它不位于句首，在它前面的可以是形容詞、名詞、副詞等。