中考英語(yǔ)專題講練邏輯推理(含解析)

1、知識(shí)精講一、邏輯推理題的分類邏輯推理題可分為：反義推理、進(jìn)一步推理、情感推理和態(tài)度推理四類。其中，前兩類主要是從做題技巧上進(jìn)行的分類，而后兩類主要是從考查內(nèi)容上進(jìn)行分類?？偨Y(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)，中考 完形填空的考點(diǎn)經(jīng)常是考查代表任務(wù)態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和事件發(fā)展走向的。通常情況下，同學(xué)們此 部分題目的失分率相當(dāng)高，要引起注意。二、反義推理題此類題型通常是指填空部分在語(yǔ)言表述上采用“否定之否定”的方式，進(jìn)一步說明前后 文或后文已表達(dá)的語(yǔ)義。例如上文表述“我欣賞自己天才的一面”，下文說“我厭惡自己的一面”。填空部分可以通過“欣賞”和“厭惡”兩詞反義，推知欣賞“天才”， 而厭惡“平庸”。正確答案“平庸”與原文“天才”相對(duì)應(yīng)

2、。這類題目通常以一對(duì)反義詞為線索，尋找另一對(duì)反義詞，從而推知正確的答案。通常，可以通過某條件不成立或有變化，從而推知結(jié)果相反或不同；可根據(jù)結(jié)果不同，從而推知原 因不同；也可根據(jù)選擇 A,從而推知不能選擇與 A相反或相對(duì)的事物等等?？傊@類題型 解題關(guān)鍵就是找出反義的對(duì)應(yīng)詞。三、進(jìn)一步推理進(jìn)一步推理主要指根據(jù)上下文所提供的故事線索和已經(jīng)發(fā)生的故事脈絡(luò)，按照因果關(guān)系或常識(shí)等推斷故事走向的題目。如上文說“奶奶給我?guī)酌涝?，后文說“奶奶對(duì)我說，拿著去給需要的人買東西。”可推知，空格處是拿著錢去買東西。此類題目數(shù)量最多， 難度不一，相對(duì)比較復(fù)雜。有時(shí)是依據(jù)常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理，大部分還是要根據(jù)上下文流露出的字

3、里行間的語(yǔ)義進(jìn)行合理推斷。四、情感推理此類題目主要是指通過上下文線索，推斷文章中人物的情感狀況和情緒變化的一類題目。情感通常是指喜、怒、哀、樂等各種情緒。情感推理題是從完形填空考查內(nèi)容的角度進(jìn)行分類。情感推理題的難點(diǎn)在于對(duì)各類不同情感的辨析，了解相近情感的差異。 這類題目出現(xiàn)的頻率相當(dāng)高，并且同學(xué)們的失分率也相對(duì)較高。五、態(tài)度推理此類題目主要是指通過上下文線索，合理地推斷文章中人物的態(tài)度及其變化。態(tài)度通常是指同意與否、喜歡與否、肯定與否、判斷和評(píng)價(jià)類等觀點(diǎn)性題目。從詞性角度分析，態(tài)度 推理題主要考查動(dòng)詞和形容詞。由L 三.點(diǎn)剖I析考點(diǎn)：邏輯推理是中考完形填空考查的重中之重。因?yàn)橹锌伎疾榈闹攸c(diǎn)集

4、中在語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)判斷、推測(cè)的能力。言能力的理解運(yùn)用上。完形填空正是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生們對(duì)于文章故事情節(jié)理解、在中考完形填空中，邏輯推理題大概占到60%80啕比例，在北京等一些地區(qū)所占的比例會(huì)更高。隨著邏輯推理所占比重的增加，完形填空的整體難度也隨之不斷提高。人原題模精選題模一：反義推理題例 2.1.1 Seasick means SICK BY THE MOVEMENT ON THE SEA When you are homesick, the only place you want to be is at home. When you are seasick,you want to be is at

5、sea.A. the first placeB. the last placeC. the only placeD. the safe place例 2.1.2 Animals behavior scientists want to learn how animal behave in their wild homes. When animals live in cages or in zoos, they do not act the same as they do when they are.A. happyB. freeC. sadD. angry題模二：進(jìn)一步推理題例 2.2.1 On

6、 my way homeI knocked into a stranger as he passed by. "Oh, I ' m terriblysorry, " I said. "That' s all right. Please excuse metoo; I wasn' t even 1you. I wish I didn t hurt you. ” We were very 2. Wesaid good-bye and wenton our way. But at home we often 3our loved ones in

7、a different way.1. A savingB helpingC callingD noticing2. A sad8 angryC politeD proud3. A helpB treatC criticizeD encourage例 2.2.2 “ I ll do anything to get a good photo, ” he often said. “ I ll go anywhere at any time, even if it is .” And he told the truth. He had photos ofearthquakes, forest fire

8、s, floods and even wars.A dangerousB naturalD impossibleC convenient題模三：情感推理題例 2.3.1 Then he saw the rest of his family were still in the car- in the water.He took a big breath and swam back to save first Mac, and then Rosie. Christopher, from England, said, “ I didn t think about it and only knew I

9、 had to get them out.I was , but it was all happening so fast, and I didn t really think aboutthe danger. ”AhurriedBfrightenedCexpectedDtired例 2.3.2 A young boy ran up to me, out of breath. Hestood right before me with hishead down and said ,“ Look what I found!” In his hand was a flower.AsadlyBstri

10、ctlyCangrilyDexcitedly題模四：態(tài)度推理題例 2.4.1 Back home, I told Alice,It s time to answer your question. ” I put oneapple of each kind on the table. Then I looked at Alice, who had a lookon her face.“ People all like apples. They come in all different colors, shapes and sizes. Someof the apples may not eve

11、n look as the others.As I was talking, Alice was examiningeach one carefully.A. worriedB. confidentC. proudD. strange例 2.4.2 After he graduated, the famous inventor Thomas Edison asked him to work inhis lab but George. He had other plans. He started an agricultural organization for black students in

12、 Alabama.A. acceptedB. refusedC. understoodD. cared幾度隨堂練習(xí)隨練 2.1 It was Friday. The football My brother was going to be the quarterback was the first he would be in that 1 ever since he joined the team. He said, makes the big difference ".game was Saturday and we were very excited.（美式足球進(jìn)攻組織者）for

13、 our team. It. He had been hoping to be the quarterback"That ' s the big job. That' s the one thatMymother said,2, son. That' s the big target,too. You know the other3 want to knock you down. You can get hurt.Don' t worry, I ' m soand I ' m fast. Besides, I have great pl

14、ayerswho will 5them from coming at me. ” my brother said.I couldn t 6 well the whole night. I worried about my brother. Mymotherwas 7-he could get hurt.The next morning, he 8early to get to the game. When we got there, itwas about to start. The 9ran out on the field. My brother looked great.He saw u

15、s and 10.Then it started.They were playing hard. One player in particular from the otherteam kept 11 at him. Then it happened. He knocked my brother down. My brotherwas slow to get up. My mother was screaming （尖叫）.The coach ran out on the field.He told my brother to 12some time on the bench. He was

16、afraid he had beenhurt.Mymother ran downto 13 on my brother. But all he did was a smile. “ It s just a bruise （瘀傷）. I mfine. And don t worry, I ll be back. This is 14.I love leading the team. ”After that game, my brother plays quarterback every Saturday. But my mother is still 15. She can t go to th

17、e games. She just waits at home and hopes tosee him walking in smiling.隨練 2.2 It is important to have positive feelings in our daily life.Compared 1some unhappy people, those who are always pleased and relaxedare less likely to suffer from colds, 2a new study. The researchers fromNew York University

18、 said, “ 3helps the body prevent diseases. ”“ It seems that positive feelings may reduce the 4of illness,” saidthe chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were 5caught coldsless often. And they seldom t old their doctors that they felt 6.In this study, Cohen s

19、 team interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks.In this 7, the people told researchers about 8 happy or sad feelingsthat day. Two weeks later, all of them were made to catch colds by doctors, and they had to stay 9in a room for six days.The results 10 that each in the study was equal to fall i

20、ll. 11people who were lively and relaxed said they felt happyduring the research. Theirillnesses were less serious and lasted for a 12time.Cohen believes that 13people have positive feelings, their body mayproduce a kind of chemical that helps to 14 illnesses. So if you 15your health, please look on

21、 the bright side and make yourself happy all the time隨練 2.3 The first note I ever wrote for my mother said“ Hi, Mom! Have a niceday! Love, Marie! ” . I was twelve when I wrote it, and I folded the 1 intoher change purse.My mother worked as a cleaner in a clothing factory. I knew that when she2 meals

22、 in the dining hall, she would have to look for change in her purse.I didn't know that she would 3 that note, and always carry it with her.From the day that I 4 folded the small piece of paper into my mother'schange purse, she and I left each other 5 notes. They would be put in thefridge, un

23、der a lamp, or beside the TV set. I 6 found one hidden in my shoe.From the outside, our notes may have been general 7 of our days, ideas andwishes. But to my mother and 8, they were a lifeline-a communication witheach other that no one else 9.On October 20, 2009, my mother died after a long illness.

24、 I stood near her bed, 10 her hand. I didn't cry the day my mom died,11 I didn't cry aweek later when I went to collect her things. I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and 12.Recently, I found a note that my mom. had 13 me . It had been hidden inthe 14 of myfavorite childhood book

25、 for years. It read “Dear Marie, I loveyou always. Miss you a lot. Don't forget me. Be 15! Love, Mom" That day,I cried.答案解析.登題模精選題模一：反義推理題例 2.1.1【答案】B【解析】考查了反義推理。本題把" homesick"與"seasick”相對(duì)照。在homesick的情況 下"the only place you want to be is at home,反義推理可知 homesick時(shí)，sea是&quo

26、t;最 不想呆的地方”。故選B。例 2.1.2【答案】B【解析】考查學(xué)生反義推理。該空前半句" When animals live in cages or in zoos ",表 示“不自由”，由后文“ do not act the same,可推知填空處與前文相反，表示“自由的” 。 故選B。題模二：進(jìn)一步推理題例 2.2.1【答案】DCB【解析】1.考查進(jìn)一步推理。前文提到“On my way home I knocked into a stranger ashe passed by”，后文第1空給出了 “撞到”的原因。根據(jù)常識(shí)可推知是沒“注意到”。故選D=2 .考查進(jìn)

27、一步推理。后文" Oh, I' m terribly sorry, " I said. " "That' s all right.Please excuse me too. ”到此為止兩個(gè)人說話都很客氣，可以推知第2空答案應(yīng)該是“polite ”有禮貌的。故選 Co3 . 考查進(jìn)一步推理。But 表示轉(zhuǎn)折，可推知下文描述的是“同樣的狀況，不一樣的態(tài)度”。第 3 空選項(xiàng) help 幫助， treat 對(duì)待， criticize 批評(píng)， encourage 鼓勵(lì)。只有treat 表示雙方相互之間的態(tài)度，符合語(yǔ)義。故選B。例 2.2.2【答案】

28、A【解析】 考查進(jìn)一步推理。后文提到 “ Hehad photos of earthquakes, forest fires, floodsand even wars. ”，描寫的都是非常危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)刻，可推知該空表示“危險(xiǎn)”。故選A。題模三：情感推理題例 2.3.1【答案】B【解析】 考查情感推理。后文 “ . but it was all happening so fast, and I didn t reallythink about the danger”說明事情發(fā)生的非常突然，盡管我的情緒是負(fù)面的，感到非常害怕，但為了救人，顧不得考慮其中的危險(xiǎn)。故選B。例 2.3.2【答案】D【解析】考

29、查情感推理。由前文“ran up to me, out of breath ”和后文小男孩的話“Lookwhat I found ”可推知小男孩迫不及待地想跟作者分享新的收獲，情感是正面積極的。故選D。題模四：態(tài)度推理題例 2.4.1【答案】D【解析】 考查態(tài)度推理。根據(jù)后文愛麗絲聽我說話時(shí)的表現(xiàn)“ Alice was examining each one carefully ”可推知愛麗絲不明白我要做什么，對(duì)我把蘋果擺在那里的舉動(dòng)感到很奇怪。故選D。例 2.4.2【答案】B【解析】考查態(tài)度推理。前文提到“the famous inventor ThomasEdison asked him t

30、o workin his lab ”，后文but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，可推知他對(duì)此事的態(tài)度是否定的，沒有接受這個(gè)工作。故選B。.Q總隨堂練習(xí)隨練2.1【答案】DCBDA CACBC DABCC【解析】本文講述了作者的哥哥是他們團(tuán)隊(duì)的四分衛(wèi)。這是他第一次在那個(gè)位置上。自從他加入球隊(duì)，他一直希望能當(dāng)四分衛(wèi)。他的媽媽擔(dān)心他會(huì)受傷。比賽開始后另一隊(duì)的一個(gè)球員 撞倒了他。但他所做的只是一個(gè)微笑。1 .考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。game“比賽”，list “清單”，show “表演”，place "位置，地方” 根據(jù)上下句的quarterback （美式足球進(jìn)攻組織者），可以知道是第一次打這個(gè)位置， 故選D。2

31、.考查短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。go ahead ”進(jìn)行，先行一步"，take it easy "放松"，be careful“小心”，well done “做得好”。根據(jù)上下文可知，媽媽讓哥哥要小心一點(diǎn)，故選C。3 .題考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。parents "父母親",player “球員"，fans "粉絲"，stranger“陌生人”，根據(jù)上下文可知，是指“其他的球員想要擊倒你" ，故選Bo4 .考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。handsome帥氣的“，healthy “健康的"，brave "勇敢的

32、"，strong“強(qiáng)壯的”，由上下文可知哥哥認(rèn)為自己是強(qiáng)壯的并且速度很快。故選D。5 .考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。stop "阻止，停止"，help “幫助”，protect “保護(hù)"，hide “隱藏”，根據(jù)上下文可知，哥哥是指自己有一群隊(duì)友將會(huì)幫助他阻止對(duì)方球員靠近他。故選A。6 .考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。behave "表現(xiàn)"，play “玩，踢（足球）"，sleep "睡覺"，dream“做夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)想”，根據(jù)上下文，作者因?yàn)閾?dān)心哥哥，所以無(wú)法睡好。故選C。7 .考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。right "對(duì)

33、的"，sad "悲傷的"，angry "生氣的"，excited "興奮的” ，由上下文可知，作者想要表達(dá)媽媽是對(duì)的，故選A。8 . 考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。rest “休息” ， exercise “鍛煉” ， left “離開” ， return “返回，歸還” ，根據(jù)上下文，哥哥是很早離開家去參加比賽，故選C。9 .考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。family "家人"，team "隊(duì)友，團(tuán)隊(duì)”，coach "教練"，crowd "群眾“，根據(jù)文章可知我看到的是我的brother ,他

34、屬于team中一員。故選B。10 .考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。laugh “大笑"，nod "點(diǎn)頭"，great "問候"，cheer “歡呼"。通過文章可知這里是問候，故選C。11 . 考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。point “指著” ， shout “大聲叫喊”， look “看”， rush “沖向” ，通過下文可知，把哥哥撞倒，應(yīng)該是“沖向”，故選D。12 . 考查固定搭配及語(yǔ)境理解。花點(diǎn)時(shí)間在長(zhǎng)椅上休息一會(huì)兒，花時(shí)間 take sometime; wastesome time 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間；save some time 節(jié)約時(shí)間；kill s

35、ome time 打發(fā)時(shí)間。故選A。13 . 考查固定搭配及語(yǔ)境理解。句意： 媽媽沖下去檢查哥哥的傷勢(shì)，檢查check on。 故選B。14 . 形容詞辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。從哥哥后面的話說，他喜歡帶領(lǐng)這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)可以看出，哥哥現(xiàn)在的感覺是great 。故選C。15 . 考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。根據(jù)文章：那場(chǎng)比賽之后，哥哥依舊是足球隊(duì)的組織者，但是 母親依舊很擔(dān)心他，答案為 anxious。故選C。隨練 2.2【答案】BDADC BCBAD ACDBA【解析】在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?，擁有積極的情緒很重要。研究表明，活躍、快樂的人不容易生病，就是生病了也不嚴(yán)重，持續(xù)的時(shí)間也短。因此，如果你關(guān)心自己的健康，請(qǐng)看到事

36、物陽(yáng) 光的一面，每天開心吧。1. 考查介詞及語(yǔ)境理解。Compare A to B ,把A比作B,把A與B作比較（之比較兩者中的相似處）；compare A. with B ,把A與B作比較（比較兩者中相似和非相似處），把平時(shí)快樂的人與不快樂的人作比較，是對(duì)其相似及不相似處都做對(duì)比，用 comparewith ， 故選B。2. 考查短語(yǔ)介詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意： 根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究。A as for 至于， 對(duì)于；B becauseof 因?yàn)?，后跟短語(yǔ)；C instead of 而不是，代替，后跟名詞及名詞性短語(yǔ)；D accordingto根據(jù)， 據(jù)所說。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，用 according t

37、o。故選D。3. 考查分詞短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：高興幫助身體預(yù)防疾病。A. Being happy高興；B. Beingcareful 細(xì)心；C Being angry 生氣；D Being nervous 焦慮。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果，開心放松者比不開心者少感冒，可以推測(cè)出，高興可以幫助身體抵御病魔。故選A。4. 考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：好像積極的情緒可以減少疾?。篈 hope 希望；B safety安全；C freedom 自由；D danger 危險(xiǎn)。 根據(jù)短文大意，可以推測(cè)出，情緒好， 不易生病，可以減少生病的危險(xiǎn)。故選D。5. 考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：在一份更早的研究中，寇恩發(fā)現(xiàn)高興的人

38、更少得感冒。A painful 痛苦的；B proud 驕傲的；C cheerful 高興的；D clever 聰明的。短文指出心情高興的人更少生病，故選C。6. 考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：而且他們很少告訴醫(yī)生，他們感到不舒服。A active 活躍；B uncomfortable 不舒服；C scared 害怕；D comfortable 舒服。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，很少說出“消極”的詞，告訴醫(yī)生，可以推測(cè)出是不舒服：uncomfortable 。故選B。7. 考查介詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意： 寇恩的小組對(duì)193 位成年人兩周內(nèi)每天采訪，在這期間，人們給研究員講述那一天他們高興或悲傷的感受。A. momen

39、時(shí)刻；B. field 領(lǐng)域；C. period期間；D times 時(shí)代。在那兩周里，在那個(gè)期間里，用period 。故選C。8. 考查代詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意： 在這期間，人們給研究員講述那一天他們高興或悲傷的感受。A themselves 他們自己，反身代詞；B their 他們的，形容詞性物主代詞，后跟被修飾的名詞；C its 它的，指動(dòng)物或事物；D theirs 他們的，名詞性物主代詞，后不跟被修飾詞。本句后跟了“ feelings ” ，用形容詞性物主代詞their 。故選B。9. 考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意： 兩周后，所有人都因?yàn)獒t(yī)生而得了感冒，并且他們不得不在一個(gè)房間里呆六天。A a

40、lone 單獨(dú)地；B hardly 幾乎不；C lonely 孤獨(dú)地；D brave勇敢的。因?yàn)榈昧烁忻?，不得不單?dú)留在房間里，單獨(dú)： alone。故選A。10. 考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：結(jié)果表明研究中的每個(gè)人都同樣生病了。A expected 期待，預(yù)料；B. reminded提醒；C. agreed同意，贊同；D. showed出示，顯示。研究結(jié)果顯示出，每人都生病了。故選D。11. 考查連詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：但是有活力的輕松的人們?cè)谘芯恐袝?huì)感到快樂。大家都生病了，但是輕松有活力的人們感到快樂，表示含義轉(zhuǎn)折，用but 。故選A。12. 考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：他們的病不嚴(yán)重，而且持續(xù)

41、了較短的時(shí)間。A longer更長(zhǎng)的；B. fewer更少的，修飾可數(shù)名詞； C. shorter更短的；D. more更多的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和短文含義，心態(tài)好的人們不易生病，生病也不嚴(yán)重，病的持續(xù)時(shí)間較短。故選C。13. 考查關(guān)系詞及語(yǔ)境理解。當(dāng)情緒積極時(shí)，就有一種可以幫助戰(zhàn)勝疾病的化學(xué)藥品產(chǎn)生于體內(nèi)。表示時(shí)間，故選D。14. 考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：當(dāng)人們有積極的情緒時(shí)，他們的身體內(nèi)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種戰(zhàn)勝疾病的化學(xué)藥品。A afford 負(fù)擔(dān)得起；B fight 戰(zhàn)斗；C cost 花費(fèi)；D support 支持。產(chǎn)生一種可以與疾病作戰(zhàn)的化學(xué)藥品，故選B 。15. 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：所以，

42、如果你關(guān)心你的健康，請(qǐng)看事物光明的一面并且使自己永遠(yuǎn)快樂。A care about 關(guān)心，關(guān)注；B look for 尋找；C pick u p 拾起，撿起；D get over 戰(zhàn)勝，克服。對(duì)自己的健康“關(guān)心”： care about 。故選A。隨練 2.3【答案】ACBAC CDBAD ABDCB【解析】本文敘述了作者和她的媽媽之間一直用便條進(jìn)行交流，這也是她們之間的秘密，她們彼此之間都互相祝福和鼓勵(lì)，生活中充滿了樂趣。1. 考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意： 我把便條折疊好放進(jìn)了她的零錢包里。這里根據(jù)Thefirstnote I ever wrote for my mother 可知，是作者第一次給媽媽寫的便條。故選A。2. 考查動(dòng)詞