ch7會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)(會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)-北大,黃慧馨、伍利娜)

1、?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 1Irwin/McGraw-Hill?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 2Irwin/McGraw-Hilll認(rèn)定應(yīng)該記錄的交易或事項(xiàng)認(rèn)定應(yīng)該記錄的交易或事項(xiàng)l分錄分錄l從記帳憑證過(guò)帳到分類帳從記帳憑證過(guò)帳到分類帳l編制未調(diào)整試算表編制未調(diào)整試算表l調(diào)整分錄的編制與過(guò)帳調(diào)整分錄的編制與過(guò)帳l編制調(diào)整試算表編制調(diào)整試算表l編制財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表編制財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表l編制結(jié)帳分錄并過(guò)帳編制結(jié)帳分錄并過(guò)帳l編制結(jié)帳后試算表編制結(jié)帳后試算表?The McGraw-Hill Compan

2、ies, Inc.,1998Slide 3Irwin/McGraw-Hill 基于會(huì)計(jì)記帳基于會(huì)計(jì)記帳“有借必有貸，借貸必相有借必有貸，借貸必相等等”的平衡原理，就總分類帳的各帳戶金的平衡原理，就總分類帳的各帳戶金額，檢查分錄與過(guò)帳工作有無(wú)額，檢查分錄與過(guò)帳工作有無(wú)錯(cuò)誤的驗(yàn)證工作錯(cuò)誤的驗(yàn)證工作?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 4Irwin/McGraw-Hilll日期日期l會(huì)計(jì)科目會(huì)計(jì)科目l借方余額和貸方余額借方余額和貸方余額l合計(jì)合計(jì)?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 5Irwin/McGr

3、aw-Hilll編制試算表時(shí)出錯(cuò)編制試算表時(shí)出錯(cuò)l確定帳戶余額時(shí)出錯(cuò)確定帳戶余額時(shí)出錯(cuò)l分類帳記錄錯(cuò)誤分類帳記錄錯(cuò)誤?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 6Irwin/McGraw-Hilll借貸同時(shí)遺漏借貸同時(shí)遺漏l借貸同時(shí)重復(fù)記錄借貸同時(shí)重復(fù)記錄l借方或貸方發(fā)生等額錯(cuò)誤借方或貸方發(fā)生等額錯(cuò)誤?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 7Irwin/McGraw-Hilll收付實(shí)現(xiàn)制收付實(shí)現(xiàn)制l權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 8I

4、rwin/McGraw-Hilll應(yīng)計(jì)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)計(jì)項(xiàng)目v應(yīng)付費(fèi)用應(yīng)付費(fèi)用v應(yīng)收收入應(yīng)收收入l遞延項(xiàng)目遞延項(xiàng)目v預(yù)付費(fèi)用預(yù)付費(fèi)用v預(yù)收收入預(yù)收收入l估計(jì)項(xiàng)目估計(jì)項(xiàng)目?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 9Irwin/McGraw-Hilll會(huì)計(jì)科目會(huì)計(jì)科目l試算表試算表l調(diào)整分錄調(diào)整分錄l調(diào)整后試算表調(diào)整后試算表l損益表項(xiàng)目損益表項(xiàng)目l結(jié)帳分錄結(jié)帳分錄l結(jié)帳后試算表結(jié)帳后試算表l資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 10Irwin/McGraw-Hilll損益表?yè)p益表l資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表資產(chǎn)負(fù)

5、債表?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 11Irwin/McGraw-Hilll虛帳戶虛帳戶l實(shí)帳戶實(shí)帳戶?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 12Irwin/McGraw-Hilll帳結(jié)法帳結(jié)法l表結(jié)法表結(jié)法?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 13Irwin/McGraw-Hill?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 14Irwin/McGraw-HillFinancial Accounting I

6、nformationAccounts?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 15Irwin/McGraw-HillFinancial Accounting InformationPermanent AccountsAssetsLiabilitiesOwners?EquityTemporary AccountsRevenuesExpensesGains & LossesAccounts?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 16Irwin/McGraw-HillA = L + OEThe bala

7、nces in PERMANENT accounts are carried over to future accounting periods.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 17Irwin/McGraw-HillA = L + OEThe double-entry system records the change in a resource, or obligation, and the reason for, or source of, the change.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998

8、Slide 18Irwin/McGraw-HillA = L + OEFor example: If money is borrowed, then Cash (an asset) is increased and Notes Payable (a liability) is increased. $250,000 is borrowed from the bank.+ $250,000+ $250,000?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 19Irwin/McGraw-HillAccount NameDebitCreditAccount Na

9、meDebitCreditAccount Name Debit CreditA = L + OEEach of the permanent accounts is affected by debits and credits.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 20Irwin/McGraw-Hill Debit for Increase Credit for Decrease Debit for Decrease Credit for Increase Debit for Decrease Credit for IncreaseEach of

10、the permanent accounts are affected by debits and credits.A = L + OE?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 21Irwin/McGraw-HillThe account is affected by debits and credits as follows: Debit for Decrease Credit for IncreaseNet Income = Revenues - Expenses?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide

11、 22Irwin/McGraw-HillThe account is affected by debits and credits as follows: Debit for Increase Credit for DecreaseNet Income = Revenues - Expenses?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 23Irwin/McGraw-HillIdentify transactions or events to be recorded.Journalize transactions and events.Posting

12、from journals to ledger.The Accounting Cycle is a series of sequential steps leading to the financial statements.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 24Irwin/McGraw-HillPrepare unadjusted trial balance.Journalize and post adjusting journal entries.Prepare adjusted trial balance.Prepare financi

13、al statements.Journalize and post closing journal entries.Prepare post-closing trial balance.Journalize and post reversing journal entries.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 25Irwin/McGraw-HillEvents that change a firms resources or obligations are categorized into three categories:?The McGr

14、aw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 26Irwin/McGraw-HillEvents that change a firms resources or obligations are categorized into three categories:Exchanges of resources and obligations between the reporting firm and outside parties.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 27Irwin/McGraw-HillEvents th

15、at change a firms resources or obligations are categorized into three categories:Internal events within the firm that affect its resources or obligations but do not involve outside parties.Exchanges of resources and obligations between the reporting firm and outside parties.?The McGraw-Hill Companie

16、s, Inc.,1998Slide 28Irwin/McGraw-HillEvents that change a firms resources or obligations are categorized into three categories:Internal events within the firm that affect its resources or obligations but do not involve outside parties.Exchanges of resources and obligations between the reporting firm

17、 and outside parties.External economic and environmental events beyond the control of the company.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 29Irwin/McGraw-HilllA chronological record of transactions using the debit/credit formatlGenerally two types of journals:vSpecial journals - repetitive entries

18、vGeneral journal - nonrepetitive entriesGENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 30Irwin/McGraw-HillOn January 1, 19X7, Caldwell Company borrows $10,000 from the bank.Prepare the appropriate journal entry for the above transaction.?The McGraw-Hill C

19、ompanies, Inc.,1998Slide 31Irwin/McGraw-HilllTwo accounts are affected:vCash is increased by $10,000.vNotes Payable is increased by $10,000.GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 32Irwin/McGraw-HilllTwo accounts are affected:vCash is increased by

20、$10,000.vNotes Payable is increased by $10,000.GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-Jan Cash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000To record bank loan?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 33Irwin/McGraw-HillGENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-Jan Cash10110,000 Notes Payabl

21、e21510,000To record bank loanlTwo accounts are affected:vCash is increased by $10,000.vNotes Payable is increased by $10,000.Accounts are usually numbered. The account numbers are references for posting to the General Ledger. ?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 34Irwin/McGraw-HilllPosting ref

22、ers to the process of recording information from the journals to the ledger.General Journal and Special JournalsInformation is stored chronologically.Information is stored by account.General Ledger and Subsidiary LedgersPost?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 35Irwin/McGraw-HilllGeneral Ledge

23、r format is as follows:ACCOUNT NAME:ACCOUNT No.DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalance?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 36Irwin/McGraw-HillStart with the entry from the General Journal.GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-Jan Cash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000To record bank loan

24、?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 37Irwin/McGraw-HillACCOUNT NAME: CASHACCOUNT No.101DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalanceBeginning Balance00Next, find the appropriate page in the General Ledger for CashGENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-JanCash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000

25、To record bank loan?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 38Irwin/McGraw-HillGENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-JanCash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000To record bank loanIdentify the information to be posted to the General LedgerACCOUNT NAME: CASHACCOUNT No.101DateDescriptionPRDe

26、bitCreditBalanceBeginning Balance00?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 39Irwin/McGraw-HillACCOUNT NAME: CASHACCOUNT No.101DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalanceBeginning Balance001-Jan Bank LoanGJ110,000GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-JanCash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000To

27、record bank loanEnter the information to be posted into the General Ledger.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 40Irwin/McGraw-HillACCOUNT NAME: CASHACCOUNT No.101DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalanceBeginning Balance001-Jan Bank LoanGJ110,00010,000GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCred

28、it1-JanCash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000To record bank loanEnter the information to be posted into the General Ledger.Update the balance in the General Ledger account for cash.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 41Irwin/McGraw-HilllConsists of a listing of each general ledger account and i

29、ts balance at the end of period.vDebit balances in one column and credit balances in anotherlServes as a convenient means for checking that the sum of debit account balances equals the sum of credit account balances.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 42Irwin/McGraw-HillSample CompanyUnadjust

30、ed Trial Balance December 31, 1998DebitsCreditsCash500$ Accounts Receivable1,200 Equipment3,800 Accounts Payable700$ Notes Payable1,450 Capital Stock3,000 Retained Earnings - 1/1/X8- Revenues11,000 Salary Expense5,250 Utility Expense3,000 Rent Expense2,400 Total16,150$ 16,150$ ?The McGraw-Hill Compa

31、nies, Inc.,1998Slide 43Irwin/McGraw-HillSample CompanyUnadjusted Trial Balance December 31, 1998DebitsCreditsCash500$ Accounts Receivable1,200 Equipment3,800 Accounts Payable700$ Notes Payable1,450 Capital Stock3,000 Retained Earnings - 1/1/X8- Revenues11,000 Salary Expense5,250 Utility Expense3,000

32、 Rent Expense2,400 Total16,150$ 16,150$ The General Ledger is in balance!DR = CR?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 44Irwin/McGraw-HilllDeferralslAccrualslOther Adjusting Journal Entries?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 45Irwin/McGraw-HilllDeferralslAccrualslOther Adjusting Journal E

33、ntriesuCash flows that occur before expense and revenue recognition. uThe portion that applies to future periods is deferred as a prepaid expense or unearned revenue.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 46Irwin/McGraw-HilllDeferralslAccrualslOther Adjusting Journal EntriesuCash flows that occu

34、r after expense and revenue recognition.uRecorded when cash is to be paid or received in a future accounting period.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 47Irwin/McGraw-HilllDeferralslAccrualslOther Adjusting Journal EntriesInclude: uReclassifications of permanent accounts.uEstimations of expen

35、ses.uRecognition of COGS and inventory losses.uCorrections of errors.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 48Irwin/McGraw-HillOn 12/1/X5, your company paid $1,200 for a six-month insurance policy. The $1,200 was recorded as Prepaid Insurance (an asset).What AJE is needed on 12/31/X5?GENERAL JOU

36、RNALPage: 1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 49Irwin/McGraw-HillOn 12/1/X5, your company paid $1,200 for a six-month insurance policy. The $1,200 was recorded as Prepaid Insurance (an asset).What AJE is needed on 12/31/X5?GENERAL JOURNALPage: 1DateDescriptionPRDe

37、bitCredit31-Dec Insurance Expense200 Prepaid Insurance200?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 50Irwin/McGraw-Hill?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 51Irwin/McGraw-HillYour company pays its workers every Friday. Year-end ,12/31/X5, falls on Wednesday. It is estimated that employees have

38、 earned salaries of $47,250 through Wednesday of the week ended 1/2/X6.What AJE is required on 12/31/X5?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 52Irwin/McGraw-HillYour company pays its workers every Friday. Year-end ,12/31/X5, falls on Wednesday. It is estimated that employees have earned salaries

39、 of $47,250 through Wednesday of the week ended 1/2/X6.GENERAL JOURNALPage: 1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit31-Dec Salary Expense47,250 Salary Payable47,250?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 53Irwin/McGraw-HillI know youre tired, but we need to look at an example of other AJEs if we are going t

40、o be prepared!?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 54Irwin/McGraw-HillJax, Inc. purchased equipment on June 30, 19X5, that cost $25,000. The equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years and no salvage value. Jax uses straight-line depreciation. What AJE is required on 12/31/X5?The McGraw-

41、Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 55Irwin/McGraw-HillJax, Inc. purchased equipment on June 30, 19X5, that cost $25,000. The equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years and no salvage value. Jax uses straight-line depreciation. GENERAL JOURNALPage: 1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit31-Dec Depreciation

42、Expense2,500 Accumulated Depr.2,500?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 56Irwin/McGraw-HillLets try some multiple choice exercises!?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 57Irwin/McGraw-HillA company leases a building for $60,000 per year, payable monthly. If rent has not been paid for July

43、, the journal entry to record the liability on July 31, includes a debit toa. Cash.b. Owners?Equity.c. Rent Expense.d. Rent Payable.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 58Irwin/McGraw-HillA company leases a building for $60,000 per year, payable monthly. If rent has not been paid for July, the

44、 journal entry to record the liability on July 31, includes a debit toa. Cash.b. Owners?Equity.c. Rent Expense.d. Rent Payable.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 59Irwin/McGraw-HillAbex Co. leased equipment to another for $1,250 per month on June 1. If rent has not been received by June 30,

45、the adjusting entry made to accrue rent on June 30, includes a credit toa. Cash.b. Rent Expense.c. Rent Receivable.d. Rent Revenue.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 60Irwin/McGraw-HillAbex Co. leased equipment to another for $1,250 per month on June 1. If rent has not been received by June

46、30, the adjusting entry made to accrue rent on June 30, includes a credit toa. Cash.b. Rent Expense.c. Rent Receivable.d. Rent Revenue.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 61Irwin/McGraw-HillRentCo leases cars to Jones, Inc. for $500 per month. On June 1, RentCo received $3,000 for six months

47、rent, and recorded it with a debit to cash and a credit to rent revenue. The June 30, adjustment has a debit toa. Cash.b. Rent Revenue.c. Unearned Rent.d. Owners Equity.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 62Irwin/McGraw-HillRentCo leases cars to Jones, Inc. for $500 per month. On June 1, Rent

48、Co received $3,000 for six monthsrent, and recorded it with a debit to cash and a credit to rent revenue. The June 30, adjustment has a debit toa. Cash.b. Rent Revenue.c. Unearned Rent.d. Owners?Equity.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 63Irwin/McGraw-HillOn May 1, Kelly Co. paid $2,000 rent

49、; $1,000 per month for May and June, charging prepaid rent. The May 31 adjustment includes a debit toa. Prepaid Rent.b. Rent Expense.c. Cash.d. Unearned Rent.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 64Irwin/McGraw-HillOn May 1, Kelly Co. paid $2,000 rent; $1,000 per month for May and June, chargin

50、g prepaid rent. The May 31 adjustment includes a debit toa. Prepaid Rent.b. Rent Expense.c. Cash.d. Unearned Rent.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 65Irwin/McGraw-HillSample CompanyAdjusted Trial Balance December 31, 1998DebitsCreditsCash500$ Accounts Receivable1,200 Interest Receivable200

51、Equipment3,800 Accumulated Depreciation400$ Accounts Payable700 Interest Payable65 Notes Payable1,450 Capital Stock3,000 Retained Earnings - 1/1/X8- Revenues11,000 Interest Revenue200 Salary Expense5,250 Utility Expense3,000 Rent Expense2,400 Interest Expense65 Depreciation Expense400 Total16,815$ 1

52、6,815$ lIncludes all account balances after adjustments have been posted.lUsed to produce the financial statements.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 66Irwin/McGraw-HilllThe income statement is always prepared first.lIncludes the temporary account balances from the adjusted trial balance.Sam

53、ple CompanyIncome StatementFor the Year Ended 12/31/98Revenues: Sales11,000$ Interest200 Total11,200$ Expenses: Salary5,250 Utility3,000 Rent2,400 Interest65 Depreciation400 Total11,115 Net Income85$ ?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 67Irwin/McGraw-HillSample CompanyRetained Earnings StatementFor the Year Ended 12/31/98Retained Earnings - 1/1/98-$ Add: