（精心整理）英語讀音規(guī)則及輔音群

1、1. 只發(fā)一個(gè)音的輔音字母字母讀音單詞字母讀音單詞b/b/baker rainbow webp/p/pipe people topf/f/fight rifle wolfq/k/quick square Iraq h/h/height behindr/r/ram crime k/k/kite bookstore took v/v/vest vivid wavem/m/mine timer warmw/w/waist overweight n/n/night tiny fun z/z/zest zigzag quizy/j/yes youth young2. 發(fā)多個(gè)音的輔音字母位置字母一般讀音規(guī)

2、則在輔音字母前.在a o u前在e i y 前在詞尾在不發(fā)音字母前.在ia io ie前.在-ion前.在-ure前其他c/k/ /k/s/ /k/ /s/ /F/k/climb come cutecite picnicpiecesuspicionscured/d/d/ /d/ /d/ /d/d/d/dreamdate duckdividewinddecideCanadianendureg/g/g/dV/g/dV/dV/g/grapego gategymleglargereligionfigures/s/s/z/s/ s, z/F/F,V/F,V/slimsuccessseasonsitbus

3、 isAsiadiscussionvisionpressuremeasuret/t/t/t/t/t/F/F,tF/tF/twisttametidywaitnotepotentialnotionquestionnaturex/ks/gs/gs/ks/ks/kF/kF/nextexampleexitwax axeconnexionanxiousl/ /l/(在任何元音前)/l/l/milklakelettillmilerebellionfailure1.元音字母組合：字母讀音單詞字母讀音單詞ea/i:/beat meat team /e/bread dead/ei/great /iE/idea r

4、eal theateroo/u:/cool boot tooth/u/cook food took/Q/blood ee/i:/meet teen heeloa/Eu/road coat goat/C:/broad ie/i:/field /ai/die tie lie/e/friend eu/ju:/feudal ei/i:/receive ceiling/ai/either neither/e/leisure oi/Ci/voice toiletou/u:/youth /au/count mountain/Q/country/C/cough tough eo/i:/people /e/le

5、opard oe/Eu/toe poet/u:/shoeai/ei/aid aim wait/e/saidau/C:/autumn author /a:/aunt ue/ju:/due /u:/blueia/aiE/dialogue ua/uE/usual io/aiE/pioneer oy/Ci/boy toy loyalay/ei/day may way /e/says ey/ei/they hey/i:/Key uy/ai/buy ye/ai/dye bye注：在非重讀音節(jié)中字母組合讀音大多要改變，通常會(huì)發(fā)短音/ i /或/E/，如 ea 發(fā)/i/: forehead; ee 發(fā)/i/

6、:coffee; ai發(fā)/i/: portrait; ay發(fā)/i/: Sunday; ei發(fā)/i/: foreign ; eo發(fā)/E/: surgeon; ey發(fā)/i/: money; io發(fā)/iE/: patriot 等元音字母+輔音字母組合:字母讀音單詞字母讀音單詞ar/a:/park/E/collaral/C:/walk talk all /a:/palmir/E:/girl first dirtyaw/C:/law pawn oor/C:/floor door/uE/poor moorur/E:/turn /E/surpriseere/iE/here mere /eE/there ar

7、e/a:/are/eE/care dareor/C:/lord border orderoul/u/could wouldear/eE/bear/iE/hear (在輔音字母后/eE/iE/)/a:/heart/E:/early (在輔音字母前/a: /E:/)er/E:/certain service /a:/clerk/E/better writer mannerore/C:/before more scoreow/au/how bow crown/Eu/know bow grow/C/knowledge eer/iE/deer beer engineeror/E:/work/E/doct

8、or actorour/C:/four course court /uE/tour gourd/E/colour honour labour/E:/journey journal courteousaugh/C:/caughtough/C:/oughtoar/C:/board soar /E/cupboard eir/eE/heir their /iE/weird 輔音字母組合:1. 雙寫輔音字母只讀一個(gè)音， 如： ff /f/ coffee；2. 雙寫輔音字母只讀一個(gè)音或兩個(gè)音：cc /ks/access，success3. 兩個(gè)輔音字母讀一個(gè)音：字母讀音單詞字母讀音單詞wr/r/wretc

9、h wrote writeck/k/kick crack checkbt/t/doubt dg/dV/judgedj/dV/adjective adjust ts/ts/beats boots ratsdr/dr/dress drive drawds/dz/beds hands tr/tr/trim train treatph/f/photo phone graphsh/F/shape shepherd nk/Nk/think ink thankkn/n/know knit knightgh/f/tough laughrh/r/rhythm rhyme4. 兩個(gè)輔音字母讀兩個(gè)或以上的音：字母讀

10、音單詞字母讀音單詞wh/w/what /h/who wholeth/W/bath/T/motherng/N/strong long /Ng/tangle lingersc/s/science/F/consciousch/tF/change chief/k/stomach character/F/machine champagne/dV/spinach元音字母讀音規(guī)則音節(jié)元音字母讀音 例詞例外絕對開音節(jié)a/ei/A, later, e/i:/me, be shei(y)/ai/I, china by my o/Eu/no, so, godou/ju:/student usual相對開音節(jié)a/ei

11、/take, name, facehave, ate, etc.e/i:/Petei(y)/ai/tide, nice, line, type give live o/Eu/whole home rolecome, ,love prove u/ju:/ /u:/use, muse fuse tube rule重讀閉音節(jié)a/A/am, can, add class e/e/pen yes best helpEnglandi(y)/i/it with big still rhythmo/C/not lot on stop followamong,brother, nothing, wonderu/

12、Q/sun, us, must bush, full, put音節(jié)元音字母讀音 例詞例外非重讀音節(jié)a/E/again, China, puma/i/ manage fortunate /A/contrast /ei/ celebratee/i/receive, believe, excuse, expect, begin/E/ camera numeral silent/e/ contenti(y)/i/working, inform,city, lucky/E/ holiday impossible /ai/ paradise satisfyo/E/police, protest, obey

13、,/Eu/ pianou/E/success, succeed/ju/ educate institute/u/ February instrument輔音群1詞首或詞中的輔音群英語中輔音組合主要和/s，l，r，j/這幾個(gè)音位有關(guān)：a. /s/ +/p/, + /t/, +/k/, +/f/, +/m/, +/l/, +/w/, +/j/sp/ spy speak spit spark sport spinster spear/st / stay still steak star study student story stand /sk/ sky ski scold skate skim s

14、chool skip /sf/ sphere spherical sphinx /sm/ small smack smith smile /sn/ snow snake snatch snap sneer /sl/ slum slim slow sleep slice /sw/ swag swear sweater swallow swan sweet /sj/ super superb superman superiorb. 爆破音和摩擦音+/l/ /pl/ play plow please plot /bl/ blue block blame blot /kl/ climb clock c

15、lass close /gl/ glass glide glove glad /fl/ fly flee flow flash /sl/ slip slow slim c. 爆破音和摩擦音+/r/ /pr/ pray press prime print /tr/ try tree train truck /br/ bread breathe bring brother /dr/ drive dry drum /kr/ cream crush croak crack /gr/ green grow great grass /fr/ French free frank from /Fr/ shri

16、ll shrink shriek/Wr/ three thread through throw d. /p, b, k, m, f, h, v/+/j/ pure pupil beauty bureau cute curemute music few fuse huge human view 以上輔音組合，一般在發(fā)音時(shí)首先發(fā)第一個(gè)音位/p b k g/，輕而短促，在發(fā)第一個(gè)音時(shí)同時(shí)準(zhǔn)備發(fā)第二音位，要把兩個(gè)音位當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體，同步進(jìn)行，學(xué)生最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是不能讓兩個(gè)音同步性發(fā)出，并在發(fā)音時(shí)對第一個(gè)音位的處理拖得較長。另外/s/組合中,/s/輕而短促，第二個(gè)音位長而響，聲音有弱到強(qiáng)，有輕到響，由短到

17、長。特別注意/s/位于爆破音中的清輔音之前時(shí)/p/，/t/, /k/要從原來的送氣變?yōu)椴凰蜌饣蛏偎蜌狻Ｋ追Q“音的濁化”，嚴(yán)格的說，這里的清輔音不是變成了濁輔音，因?yàn)椴还?p，t，k/ 發(fā)的是送氣音還是送氣少的音，其音位沒有變，這兩種發(fā)音只是/p，t，k/的音位變體（是同一音位在不同位置和條件下發(fā)不同的音）。所謂音位變體(allophones),即屬于同一音位的不同讀音(speech sound)。音位變體往往出現(xiàn)在語音的互補(bǔ)分布狀態(tài)中, 英語/k/ 的送氣與不送氣的不同讀音就出現(xiàn)在不同語音環(huán)境中的互補(bǔ)分布狀態(tài), 如/k/ 在“kite ”khait 中讀kh, 而在“sky” skai 中讀k

18、 。kh表示送氣,k 表示不送氣,kh 和k 是音位/k/ 在不同語音環(huán)境的互補(bǔ)分布狀態(tài)中的不同讀音, 因此kh和k 就是/k/ 的音位變體。詞中的輔音組合除了少數(shù)與/s/有關(guān)的輔音連綴讀音與在詞首不一樣外其他都一樣。例如display 中/p/與speak 中/p/發(fā)音時(shí)有些區(qū)別，前者送氣，后者送氣較少。讀下面單詞注意/s/的發(fā)音:peach speech team steam key ski port sport pair spare Kate skate kill skill tone stone一般來說，在詞中的輔音群讀音與詞首輔音群讀音相同：dustcartguesswork dra

19、ftsmandoctrinehorsepowerprogresstransferunderstandparticularincline2. 詞尾的輔音群常見的詞尾的輔音群大致可以分為三類：a. 輔音+/s,z/ /t,d/詞形變化:英語中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)或遇到第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞的變化形式,一般情況下是加-s;動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的規(guī)則變化形式是在原形動(dòng)詞后面加-ed,例如: bags drinks liked moved,讀音分別是bags /bAgz/ drinks/drinks/ liked/laikt/ moved/mu:vd/, 這些詞形變化由于受到前面輔音/g,k,v/的影響而讀作相應(yīng)的清輔音/s,

20、 t/和濁輔音/z, d/。為了學(xué)生方便記憶，這些輔音連綴讀音我們可以全面地概括為11字的原則：“清則清，濁則濁，元音讀濁音” 即前面如果以清輔音結(jié)尾，后面加-s 或ed則讀清輔音，前面是以濁輔音結(jié)尾，后面加-s 或ed則讀濁輔音，以元音結(jié)尾加-s 或ed 則讀濁輔音。-ed /t/ asked kicked missed washed watched stepped /d/ moved rubbed hugged seized harmed /d/ played prayed cried -s /s/ cats caps books roofs desks lakes /z/ dogs pi

21、gs leaves proves beds birds /z/ pays ways bees其中單詞以/t，d/結(jié)尾加-s 讀音時(shí)直接就讀成和/dz，依然滿足“清則清，濁則濁”這個(gè)原則。例如：/ts/ testsrests beasts hosts gifts texts/dz/ fields folds holds ends shields spends b. 爆破音、摩擦音+鼻音、邊音模糊舌邊音鼻音加上其他輔音特別是爆破音、摩擦音,學(xué)生在發(fā)音時(shí)有較大的困難,主要是音位的不到位和音位之間相互影響造成了音位的發(fā)音產(chǎn)生變化。學(xué)生必須多讀多練才能順利掌握。模糊舌邊音加上其他輔音，例如：/lp/ /

22、pl/ helplamp bump apple people ripple /lb/ /bl/: elbow table cable noble /lt/ /tl/: belt felt fault little kittle title /ld/ /dl/: cold hold field middle idle candle/lk/ /kl/: folk milk uncle wrinkle nickel /lf/ /fl/: shelf self wolf riffle careful beautiful /lv/ /vl/: twelve solve resolve arrival a

23、pproval level /ls/ /sl/: else wells wheels muscle castle whistle /lW,lF ,lm/: Health wealth Welsh film whelm /gl/ /zl/: single tangle struggle puzzle drizzle 發(fā)這些輔音連綴時(shí)注意模糊舌邊音發(fā)音，當(dāng)模糊舌邊音在其他輔音前時(shí)，舌端緊貼上齒齦，舌中部下陷,舌后部上抬，在沒有完全發(fā)出該音時(shí)迅速滑向后面的音，如果模糊音在其他輔音后面，則要把兩個(gè)音位當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體，同步進(jìn)行。鼻音/n/和爆破音，摩擦音組合構(gòu)成音節(jié)，發(fā)音時(shí)也應(yīng)注意整體性和同時(shí)性：/-tn/ certain written /-dn/ garden pardon/-fn/ oft