二氧化碳物理性質(zhì)

1、氧化碳（CO2相關(guān)物理性質(zhì)概要:二氧化碳（CO2）相關(guān)物理性質(zhì)英文名稱CARBONDIOXIDE又名碳酸氣二氧化碳在常溫常壓下為無(wú)色而略帶刺鼻氣味和微酸味的氣體。17世紀(jì)初，比利時(shí)化學(xué)家JBVan.Helmont（15771644）在檢測(cè)木炭燃燒和發(fā)酵過(guò)程的副產(chǎn)氣時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)CO2是一種與其他氣體不同的氣體。1757年，J.Black第一個(gè)應(yīng)用定量的方法研究這種氣體，由于它是固定在石灰石中的，所以定名他為固定空氣”此后，H.Cavendish和J.Priestley分別研究了固定空氣”的性質(zhì)。1773年，把碳放在氧氣中加熱，得到被它稱為碳酸”的CO2氣體，測(cè)出質(zhì)量組成為23.528.9%,楊71.

2、176。5%。1823年，M.Faraday發(fā)現(xiàn)。加壓可以使CO2氣體液化。1835年，M.Thilorier制得固態(tài)CO?（干冰）。1884年，在德國(guó)建成第一家生產(chǎn)液態(tài)CO2的工廠。在自然界，CO2時(shí)最豐富的化學(xué)物質(zhì)之一，為大氣的一部分，也包含在某些天然氣或油田伴生氣中何以碳酸鹽形成的礦石中。大氣里含CO2位0.030.04%（體積），總量約2.75X1012t,主要由含碳物質(zhì)燃燒和動(dòng)物的新陳代謝產(chǎn)生。在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門(mén)，CO2有著十分廣泛的用途。工業(yè)CO2主要是從合成氨、氫氣生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的原料氣、發(fā)酵氣、石灰窯氣、酸中和氣、乙烯氧化副反應(yīng)氣和煙道氣等氣體中提取和回收，其純度不低于99.5%（體

3、積）。一、分子特性1-3見(jiàn)表1表1分子式結(jié)構(gòu)式相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量離解常數(shù)鍵長(zhǎng)，pm鍵能，kJ/mol數(shù)值性質(zhì)數(shù)值CO2電離能，kJ/mol1330.5o=c=o分子直徑，nm0.350.5144.010摩爾體積（0C，22.260.10Mpa)丄3.5X10-7(18C)生成自由能，kJ/mol4.4X10-11(25C)-394.6通用氣體常數(shù)（R），1160.008314MPa-m3/(kmolK)531.4二、物理性質(zhì)、熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)（一）特性參數(shù)1-3見(jiàn)表2性質(zhì)數(shù)值性質(zhì)數(shù)值熔點(diǎn)，C-56.6(527Kpa)臨界點(diǎn)：沸點(diǎn)，C-78.5（升華）溫度，C31.06相對(duì)密度（空氣=1）1.524(0C,

4、1atm)臨界壓力，MPa7.3821.522(21.1C,1atm)臨界密度,kg/m3467比容,m3/kg0.5059(0C,1atm)氣體密度，kg/m31.977(0C,1atm)0.5457(21.1C,1atm)1.833(21.1C,1atm)絕熱系數(shù)（K）1.2951m3氣體生成液體體1.56(288K,0.101MPa)積，L臨界狀態(tài)(31.06C,7.382Mpa)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)(0C,1atm)性質(zhì)數(shù)值性質(zhì)數(shù)值壓縮系數(shù)扁差系數(shù)扁心因子流體粘度，mPas0.3150.2740.2250.0404流體粘度，mPas定壓比熱，KJ/(Kg-K)定容比熱，KJ/(Kg-K)0.013

5、80.850.661表3臨界狀態(tài)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下的部分參數(shù)表4二氧化碳的亨利系數(shù)值7溫度，C數(shù)值，10-6mmHg溫度，C數(shù)值，10-6mmHg401.77502.15501.95602.597注：1mmHg=133.3Pa.表5二氧化碳的壓縮系數(shù)4壓力MPa溫度弋0204060801000.10131.0000-5.06620.10500.63360.74140.80680.84770.88327.59940.15300.16770.54080.68950.76420.818410.13250.20200.21300.26950.54200.67490.754012.6660.24900.259

6、00.29220.41820.58710.693215.1990.29500.30380.32880.39760.52600.642717.73190.34050.34710.36770.41450.50390.609020.26500.38500.39040.40780.44480.51050.596222.79810.43050.43370.44750.47760.52710.598425.33120.47400.47520.48670.51240.55190.611627.86440.51700.51670.52680.54730.58130.629530.39750.55950.557

7、70.56570.58210.61100.651535.46380.64450.63830.64240.65430.67490.703840.53000.72800.71840.71790.72480.73940.760245.59620.80900.79670.79160.79450.80440.819150.66250.89050.87400.86350.86420.86940.8788表6液體二氧化碳密度-溫度對(duì)照表1-3溫度C密度kg/m331.0463.930.0596.427.5661.025.0705.822.5741.220.0770.717.5795.515.0817.012

8、.5838.510.0858.07.5876.05.0893.12.5910.00.0924.0-2.5940.0-5.0953.0-7.5968.0-10.0980.8溫度c密度kg/m3-12.5993.8-15.01008.1-17.51018.5-20.01029.9-22.51041.7-25.01052.6-27.51063.6-30.01074.2-32.51084.5-35.01094.9-37.51105.0-40.01115.0-42.51125.0-45.01134.5-47.51144.4-50.01153.5-55.01172.1表7固體二氧化碳溫度-密度對(duì)照表4溫度

9、C密度kg/m3溫度c密度kg/m3-56.6-60-65-701512152215351546-75-80-85-901557156615751782表8二氧化碳的粘度(0.101325MPa,uX106)4溫度c粘度Pa-s溫度c粘度Pa-s-1008.865016.07-7510.077517.16-5011.2610018.27-2512.4715020.45013.6720022.542014.6325024.562514.8630026.46表9液體二氧化碳的粘度(nX106)4溫度c粘度Pa-s溫度c粘度Pa-s059992.5202571.262.51085.22953.915

10、78.43053.0表10二氧化碳在不同壓力及溫度下的粘度(UX106,u=ut+5.25x10-3p17,密度w0.63x10kg/m3)壓力溫度CMPa0102030405060801001251502000.10114.014.414.815.215.716.116.517.418.319.420.422.42.02614.314.715.115.515.916.316.717.618.519.220.022.54.05315.715.916.216.616.917.318.018.819.620.322.76.08018.518.318.218.418.919.620.220.823.

11、18.10624.221.220.520.320.621.021.523.610.13245.129.724.522.322.022.022.324.212.15942.128.624.724.123.423.424.914.18636.629.926.825.024.625.716.21244.434.929.827.127.626.718.23838.633.229.227.727.620.26544.036.831.829.528.825.33144.638.134.431.930.39852.943.839.335.2（二）相變1-3見(jiàn)表U210-9表11性質(zhì)數(shù)值性質(zhì)數(shù)值三相點(diǎn)：升華狀

12、態(tài)：0.101Mpa溫度，C-56.57溫度，C-78.5壓力，Mpa0.518升華熱，kJ/Kg573.6汽化熱，kJ/kg347固態(tài)密度，kg/m31562熔化熱，kJ/kg195.82氣態(tài)密度，kg/m32.814表12二氧化碳在不同溫度下的汽化熱4溫度C汽化熱kJ/kg溫度C汽化熱kJ/kg-56.57347.77-10261.54-55345.18-5248.95-50337.060234.85-45328.825219.03-40320.4110201.21-35311.7515180.20-30302.8020155.23-25293.6325119.37-20283.63306

13、2.97-15270.04310.00表13液體二氧化碳飽和蒸汽壓溫度c飽和蒸汽壓KPa溫度c飽和蒸汽壓KPa溫度c飽和蒸汽壓KPa溫度c飽和蒸汽壓KPa-59465.96-361162.0-132430.2104501.4-58487.15-351203.8-122501.7114613.9-57509.05-341246.6-112574.7124728.5-56531.67-331290.4-102649.4134845.3-55555.05-321335.5-92725.5144964.4-54579.19-311381.6-82803.2155085.7-53604.10-30142

14、8.9-72882.7165209.3-52629.80-291477.5-62963.6175335.1-51656.30-281527.2-53046.3185463.5-50695.65-271578.3-43130.7195549.2-49711.8-261630.4-33216.7205727.4-48740.9-251683.9-23304.5215863.1-47770.7-241738.5-13394.0226001.4-46801.5-231794.603485.3236142.4-45833.3-221852.013578.4246286.1-44865.8-211910.

15、623673.3256432.8-43899.4-201970.633769.9266582.1-42933.9-192032.043868.6276734.6-41969.4-182094.853969.1286890.1-401005.9-172159.064071.5297048.9-391043.4-162224.674176.0307210.9-381081.9-152291.784282.4317376.3-371121.5-142360.294390.8工程量值1-3見(jiàn)表14表14性質(zhì)數(shù)值性質(zhì)數(shù)值氣體粘度，mPas0.0138(0C,0.101MPa)熱導(dǎo)率52.75(0C,表面

16、張力，mN/m9.13(-25C)0.101Mpa)/W/(m-K)比熱容，kJ/(kg-K)(0C,0.101MPa)折射率1.0004506(0C,Cp0.8450.101MPa,入=546.1)Cv0.651表15二氧化碳在0.101325MPa下的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)溫度C導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)mW/(mK)溫度C導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)mW/(mK)-78.510.70-50.511.8表16二氧化碳在不同溫度極壓力下的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)mW/(mK)溫度c壓力MPa0.10133.0405.0667.09310.13215.19920.265-758.7-5010.7-014.518.3-110.1112.8115.11015.41

17、8.8-104.0107.7110.820.16.019.324.1-97.0102.2106.43016.919.924.031.587.095.8101.24017.720.423.830.068.688.595.95018.520.924.029.044.779.889.910022.324.326.329.033.845.759.915026.327.929.431.434.544.049.420030.131.532.834.436.941.947.325034.035.136.337.739.543.748.130037.939.039.840.942.746.349.8熱力學(xué)參數(shù)

18、1-3見(jiàn)表17表17性質(zhì)數(shù)值性質(zhì)數(shù)值氣體粘度，mPas0.0138(0C,0.101MPa)熱導(dǎo)率52.75(0C,表面張力，mN/m9.13(-25C)0.101Mpa)/W/(m-K)比熱容，kJ/(kg-K)(0C,0.101MPa)折射率1.0004506(0C,Cp0.8450.101MPa,入=546.1)Cv0.651表18氣體二氧化碳的熱容(KJ/KmolC)壓力溫度Pa025501002003001.013X10536.78137.60038.62840.27643.72046.5155.066X10539.54639.54639.90441.01444.03046.6951

19、.013X10643.30142.12241.75341.99244.38946.9042.533X10652.04648.18245.27445.46747.5645.0666X10103.63361.06251.49747.36448.6521.013X10794.24871.54552.02651.1182.027X10789.286106.039120.60693.43061.44155.3813.040X10784.50495.63599.69084.23567.09258.8554.053X10779.90290.12591.22378.53367.84161.4415.066X1

20、0776.04885.89286.26174.12167.00262.7396.0807X1074.02183.86583.13670.44766.12363.1188.108X10772.18481.65877.98165.29564.95662.8921.013X10871.44580.73174.86063.81864,20662.739（五）溶解度表19C02在水中的溶解度對(duì)照表溫度caX102qX102溫度caX102qX102mL/mLg/100gmL/mLg/100g0171.333.461892.817.891164.632.131990.217.372158.430.912087.