中考英語主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)課件

1、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1. 1.掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法2. 2.掌握如何將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成掌握如何將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語的兩大語態(tài)：英語的兩大語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)A.A.主動(dòng)語態(tài)中主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)中主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者發(fā)出者。賓語。賓語是謂語動(dòng)詞的對象。是謂語動(dòng)詞的對象。B.B.被動(dòng)語態(tài)中主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)中主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的承受者承受者( (動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作的對象對象) )。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞bebe動(dòng)詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞過去分詞時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)1 一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)do/doesam/is/

2、are+過去分詞過去分詞2 一般過去一般過去時(shí)時(shí)didwas/were+過去分詞過去分詞3 一般將來一般將來時(shí)時(shí)will/be going to+動(dòng)動(dòng)詞原形詞原形will/be going to+be+過去過去分詞分詞4 過去將來過去將來時(shí)時(shí)would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形would+be+過去分詞過去分詞5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過去分過去分詞詞6 過去進(jìn)行過去進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過去分過去分詞詞7 現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)have/has+過去分詞過去分詞have/has+been

3、+過去分詞過去分詞8 過去完成過去完成時(shí)時(shí)had+過去分詞過去分詞had+been+過去分詞過去分詞什么時(shí)候要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？什么時(shí)候要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？在下列三種情況之一要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：在下列三種情況之一要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用被沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。動(dòng)語態(tài)。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換：的轉(zhuǎn)換： We clean our classroom every day.Our classroomis cl

4、eaned主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語by usevery day結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語 被動(dòng)語態(tài)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語主語 be +過去分詞過去分詞by+賓語賓語注意把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，句把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，句子的時(shí)態(tài)不能變。且子的時(shí)態(tài)不能變。且bebe動(dòng)詞和新主語保動(dòng)詞和新主語保持一致。如上例，所給的主動(dòng)句子是一持一致。如上例，所給的主動(dòng)句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如果主動(dòng)句中的主語是人稱代詞，如果主動(dòng)句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)作介詞改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)作介詞 byby的賓語，要用賓的賓

5、語，要用賓格。如上例中的主語格。如上例中的主語wewe改為改為usus。歸納總結(jié)方法 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)可按把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)可按“ 、 、 ”來進(jìn)行。即：來進(jìn)行。即： 變變把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，把主把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的介詞動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。的賓語。套套根據(jù)原句的時(shí)態(tài)套用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)原句的時(shí)態(tài)套用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。注意注意注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。 例：例：Many people speak English. English by many people. He

6、washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed一變一變二套二套三注意三注意各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞過去分詞2 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)didwas/were+過去分詞過去分詞3 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)will/be going to+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形will/be going to+be+過去分詞過去分詞4 過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)wo

7、uld+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形would+be+過去分詞過去分詞5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過去分詞過去分詞6 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過去分詞過去分詞7 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+過去分詞過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞過去分詞8 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)had+過去分詞過去分詞had+been+過去分詞過去分詞9 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞過去分詞在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要注意的問題在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要注意的問題

8、一些使役動(dòng)詞一些使役動(dòng)詞(let, have, make等)或感官動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞(see, hearwatch,notice等)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中后面接的在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中后面接的動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式不帶不帶to，但改為，但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上to。如：。如：The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by m

9、e.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意注意當(dāng)使用當(dāng)使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， doingdoing保持

10、不變。如：保持不變。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主動(dòng)) He was seen going into the shop.(被動(dòng)) 使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語態(tài)對照表使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語態(tài)對照表主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)使役動(dòng)詞make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sthlet sb do sthsb be let to do sth感觀動(dòng)詞see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to d

11、o sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sthgo 把下列主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句把下列主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句 Lily writes many letters every day. (主動(dòng)主動(dòng)) They visited this farm last year.（主動(dòng)）（主動(dòng)） We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主動(dòng)）（主動(dòng)） Many letters are writtenby Lily every day. This farm was vi

12、sitedby them last year.3000 English words have been learned by us so far.把下列主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句把下列主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句 1. The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago. The desk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago. 2. We will plant 2000 trees next year. 2000 trees will be planted by us next year. 3. You must keep the room clean a

13、nd tidy. The room must be kept clean and tidy by you. 4. The police have caught the thief. The thief has been caught by the police. 5. The farmers are cutting down the trees on the hill. The trees on the hill are being cut down by the farmers.1.She waters the flowers every dayThe flowersevery day.ar

14、e wateredby her3.They do their homework after school.Their homework is done by them after school. 2. I bought a computer last term A computer was bought (by me) last term.4.Our students mustnt smoke cigarettes.Cigarettes mustnt be smoked by our students.5.Chinese people built the Great Wall many years ago.The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago. Fill in the blan