外研版Book3Module1詞匯拓展

1、Module 1Europe【單元總結(jié)】一、詞匯拓展1concrete concrete ( adj. ) 2. alternative alternate （vadj. n. ）alternatively （adv) 3 . crime criminal ( adj . & n . ) 4. prediction predictive （adj. ）. predict （v) 5. risky risk （v.& n . ) 6. rely reliable ( adj. ）reliability ( n . ）reliance ( n. ) 7. command comma

2、nder ( n. ) 8. attach attachment ( n. ) 9optimistic optimism ( n. ）optimist ( n. ) 10. definitely definite ( adj. ）definition ( n. ) 二、綜合拓展1. To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental p

3、roblems. 為了解決垃圾問題，城市會把廢棄物質(zhì)裝載進巨大的宇宙飛船里把它們送到太陽上去，以阻止垃圾填埋和環(huán)境問題（的產(chǎn)生）。( l ）get rid of 除掉；處理掉；擺脫The problem is how to get rid of nuclear waste.問題是如何處理核廢料。I cant get rid Of this headache. 我這頭疼老是好不了。Try and get rid of your visitors before I get there. 在我到之前把你的客人打發(fā)走。 常用短語get together相聚，聚集get across傳播，為人理解get

4、 along 前進，進展；( with ）與 相處get away走開，離開；逃脫get back回來，回到；取回，恢復(fù)get down從 下來，記下；( to ）轉(zhuǎn)入某一話題；開始從事 get off從 下來；出發(fā)，動身；下班get on登上（車、船、飛機等）; ( with ) 與 相處get through ( with )干完（工作），完成（任務(wù)）；度過（時間）；通過；( to ）打通電話( 2 ) load v裝載（滿）、輸入、存儲（數(shù)據(jù)或程序）n載重童；廢話；（責(zé)任或憂慮的）沉重感The truck was carrying a load of bananas. 這輛卡車裝著一車香

5、蕉、Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind得知他們平安到達后我如釋重負。I loaded film into the camera. 我把膠卷裝到照相機里She was loaded down with bags of groceries. 她提著好多袋雜貨。常用短語 a load of ( = loads of ) 很多，大量 take / a load off ones mind如釋重負bear a load on ones shoulders 挑起重擔(dān)load sb . / sth . with sth .

6、 load sth . onto / into sth . / sb . 使某物某人負載重物load sb . / sth . down with sth . 給 加以重負load sb . with honours 給某人許多榮譽 ( 3 ) 本句中的preventing landfill and environmental problems 是分詞作狀語的用法，此處表結(jié)果。My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 交通堵塞中我的車被困住，所以延誤了。The snow lasted a week, resultin

7、g in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. 雪下了一星期，造成整個地區(qū)嚴(yán)重的交通混亂。例“cant you read ? ”Mary said _ to the notice . A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 解析“生氣地”是用來說明說話時的表情，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞said 的后面；“指著”這一動作的邏輯主語是Mary ，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，故選A 。句意：“你不會看嗎？”瑪麗指著布告生氣地說。答

8、案A 2. Here are some of the ideas they had. 下面是他們的一些觀點。這是一個here 放在句首引起的完全倒裝句。在以here , there 或out , in , up , down , away 等副詞開頭的句子里，以示強調(diào)。但主語是人稱代詞時，主謂語序不必倒裝。Here Comes the bus 公交車來了。There comes the boy 那個男孩來了。There he comes 他來了。out rushed the little boy 那小男孩跑了出來。In a lecture hall of a university in Eng

9、land sits a professor. 在英國一所大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)報告廳里坐著一位教授。By the window stood an old man . He seemed very sad . 窗戶旁邊站著一位老人，他似乎很憂傷。拓展：倒裝句英語句子的自然語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在后，把謂語動詞放在主語之前，就叫倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。( l ）完全倒裝 在there + be 結(jié)構(gòu)里。如：There is a box on the table. 在以here , there , down，up，on , away ，out , thus , now等副詞開頭的某些句子里，主語是名詞時，用“here ( t

10、here ) 不及物動詞主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。如果主語是人稱代詞則不倒裝。如：There goes the bell. Now comes your turn. Up stands the boy. Out rushed the boys. Here he comes. （不倒裝） 當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地汽的介詞詞組時，也常常引起全部倒裝。如：on a hill in front of them stood a great castle. From the valley came a frightening sound. 表語里于句首時，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語連系動詞十主語”。as形容詞連系動詞主語Present

11、 at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guest, . b過去分詞十連系動詞主語Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. c介詞短語be 十主語Among the goods are Christmas trees , flowers , candles and toys . 用于so，nor , neither 開頭的句子，表示重復(fù)前句部分內(nèi)容。原句的謂語應(yīng)與前句謂語的時態(tài)、形式相一致

12、。如：He has been to Beijing. so have I . Li Wei can't answer the question. Neither can I. I didnt go to the cinema last night. Nor did he. 部分引述詞置于句首或以方式狀語thus 開頭的句子如：“1 have been very busy these days ,”said HenryThus ended his life. (2 ) 部分倒裝部分倒裝的句型有： only所修飾的狀語在句首的句型。如：only after he left the shop

13、 did he find that he had lost his wallet 他直到離開商店之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)丟了錢包。注意：a在部分倒裝句中，如果謂語部分無助動詞，則須找助動詞來“幫助”它構(gòu)成倒裝句。如：誤only after the war learned he , the sad news 正 only after the war did he learned the sad news . b. only 修飾狀語從句時，從句不可倒裝。如： 誤only when did she returned did we find out the truth.正only when she returne

14、d did we find out the truth . c. only 修飾主語時，句子不可倒裝。如：誤only can he answer the question . 正only he can answer the question . 在“Not only 分句，but also分句”中，not only 引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝。如：Not only does John speak English , hut also ho speaks French 約翰不僅會說英語而且會說法語。 以表示否定的副詞開始的句子需要倒裝常見的否定副詞有never , little , not until ,

15、nowhere , hardly , scarcely , rarely , not once , seldom , no sooner 等。如：Never shall I forget the day when I joined the army. Little did he say at the meeting. barely , holly , scarcely 和when , before 連用，no sooner 和than 連用，它們位于句首時，為固定的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一件事緊接著另一件事發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于漢語的“一就 ”。但在時態(tài)上，主句一般用過去完成時而從句（when , before

16、 或than 引導(dǎo)）用過去時。表示一般情況時，主句也可用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：No sooner had I left the house than it began to rain. 我剛離開屋子天就下起雨來。Searcely has a foreigner set foot on the United States before they ask him what he thinks of the country外國人剛?cè)ッ绹?，他們就會問他對該國有什么看法?虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)的條件從句中，如果if 被省略，那么were ，had 或should 要移至主語之前（cou

17、ld , might 很少引導(dǎo)這樣的倒裝句）。如：Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help. Were I you ( = If 1 were you ) , 1 would go abroad 用于“形容詞（名詞或副詞）十a(chǎn)s ( though ) ”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。如：Hard as he worked , he made little progress =Although he worked I hard , he made little progress盡管他努力工作了，但還是沒有進步。 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。如：May

18、you succeed ！祝你成功！long live the people ！人民萬歲！3. To find out what young people think about the future of urban life. a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50 000 people In the year 2025 . 為了了解年輕人對未來城市生活的觀點，美國田納西州一所大學(xué)的一位老師讓他的學(xué)生

19、們考慮他們?nèi)绾喂芾硪粋€在2025 年擁有5 萬人口的城市。( l ) to6nd out what young people think about the future of urban life 是不定式在句中用作目的狀語。He came to Australia to study kangaroo他去澳洲是為了研究袋鼠。He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起去趕早班車。( 2 ) what young people think about the future of urban life 和how they would run a city

20、 Of 50 ,000 people in the year 2025，是賓語從句，分別作find out 和think 的賓語No one knows who will win the first place. 沒有人知道誰會得第一名。I wonder whether they will finish their task on time. 我不知道他們是否能按時完成任務(wù)。He suggested that we should go there by train. 他建議我們乘火車去那兒。( 3 ) think about 考慮Im thinking of / about persuadin

21、g Dad to stop smoking. 我在考慮說服爸爸戒煙。Thats because we never thought about / of it. 這是因為我們從來沒有想過這個問題。Can you think of a proper place where we call hold an evening Party? 你能想出一個合適的地方讓我們舉行一次晚會嗎？（不用about ) He thinks more of/about others than of / about himself 他為別人著想的多，為自己著想的少。 常用短語think aloud ( out loud ）

22、自言自語think back ( to ）回想think highly (well , etc . ）of贊賞（對印象好等）think little ( badly , etc . ) of 認為（不好），對 不在意，不贊成think much of 對 評價很高think nothing of 覺得不怎么樣（沒什么，不難）think nothing of it 不用謝，不要介意think of as 認為 是(4) run vi . & vt . 跑；奔He ran across the road 他跑過馬路。 （機器）轉(zhuǎn)動，運轉(zhuǎn)The engine runs well 發(fā)動機運轉(zhuǎn)良

23、好。Most of motor vehicles run on petrol. 大部分機動車的行駛以汽油作燃料。This machine is not running correctly. 這臺機器運轉(zhuǎn)得不正常。 （會共車輛）行駛The buses run every ten minutes. 流動The river has run dry這條河已經(jīng)干涸了 。 延伸The road runs beside the river . 這條路沿著河邊延伸。 控制、主持（團體、組織）run a school 辦一所學(xué)校常用短語run across 偶然遇到run after 追逐run away 逃走

24、run into 碰撞、偶然遇到run out ( of ）用光、耗盡4. What time does the plane arrive? 飛機什么時候到達？ 這是一個用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時的句子。表示“往來，出發(fā)，到達”等的動詞（go，come , , ail , leave , start , arrive , begin , return ）?？捎靡话悻F(xiàn)在時直接表示將來。He comes back to , light 他今天晚上回來。My train leaves at 6 : 30 我的火車6 點30 分開。The bus leaves at 5: 30 公交車5 點30 分發(fā)車。

25、When do you start on the tour ？你什么時候動身去旅行？拓展：在由連詞if , unless , before , as soon as , when , once 等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。I11 let you know as soon as I hear from him. 一收到他的來信，我就告訴你。例need one stamp before my collection _ . A. is completed B. completes C. has been completed D. has completed 解析complete 是及物動詞，意為“使完成”，與句子主語my collection 是動賓關(guān)系，故本題只能在A 、C 中選擇。C 項用了完成被動時，表明被動動作已在need 前完成，既已完成，又何來再要一張郵票，顯然不合邏輯。A 項用于before 引起的時間狀語從句，一般現(xiàn)在時表示