初中被動語態(tài)及習題

1、被動語態(tài)(The passive Voice)一、被動語態(tài)(Te Passive Voice)：語態(tài)是英語動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語之間的關系，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)是動作的執(zhí)行者做主語，被動語態(tài)是動作的承受者做主語。只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。例如：The boys like football.男孩兒喜歡足球。(主動語態(tài))Football is liked by the boys.足球被男孩兒喜歡。(被動語態(tài))二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式是be+及物動詞的過去分詞(P.P)，其中動詞be是助動詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與其作連系動詞時完全一樣。被動語態(tài)的否定句是

2、在第一個助動詞后加not，一般疑問句是把第一個助動詞提前放到句首。主要時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和肯定句、否定句及一般疑問句總結(jié)如下：*一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+P.P Our classroom is cleaned every day. Our classroom is not cleaned every day. Is our classroom cleaned every day?Yes,it is.No,it isn't.*一般過去時：was/were+P.P Our classroom was cleaned yesterday. Our classroom wasn

3、9;t cleaned yesterday. Was our classroom cleaned yesterday?Yes,it was.No,it wasn't.*一般將來時：will+be+P.P Our classroom will be cleaned tomorrow. Our classroom won't be cleaned tomorrow. Will our classroom be cleaned tomorrow? Yes,it will. No,it won't.*現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+been+P.P Our classroom h

4、as been cleaned. Our classroom hasn't been cleaned. Has our classroom been cleaned?Yes,it has.No,it hasn't.*現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are+being+P.P Our classroom is being cleaned now. Our classroom isn't being cleaned now. Is our classroom being cleaned now?Yes,it is.No,it isn't.*情態(tài)動詞：can/must/may

5、/should+be+P.P Our classroom must be cleaned well. Our classroom mustn't be cleaned well. Must our classroom be cleaned well? Yes,it must.No,it needen't.(must提問，否定回答用neen't.)三、被動語態(tài)的用法1.不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如：Knives are used for cutting things.2.沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。This desk is made of wood.3.強調(diào)動作的承受者。E

6、nglish is spoken by many people.四、主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)的方法：1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)。3.把主動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語。(在含義明確時，by短語可以省略。)例如：Students should speak English in and out of class. (主語)(賓語)English should be spoken in and out of class by students.(主語) (介詞賓語)五、需要注意的幾個問題。(一)用不帶“to”的不定式作賓語補足語的句子，變被動語態(tài)時，不定

7、式符號“to”不能省略。例如：1.The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day.The workers were made to work 14 hours a day. 2.He saw the teacher go into the office just now.The teacher was seen to go into the office just now.(二)相當于及物動詞的短語動詞，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。例如：1.The babies must be taken good care of. 2.The

8、books mustn't be taken away from the reading.(三)含有雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子，變被動語態(tài)時，將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動。(一般是將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語。)例如：My mother gave me a present for my birthday.I was given a present for my birthday by my mother.A present was given to me for my birthday by my mother.六六、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義 1、（1）.英語中有

9、很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達被動意義,主語通常是物。 例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。 試比較：The door won't lock （指門本身有毛?。?The door won't be locked （指不會有人來鎖門, 指門沒有鎖是人的原因） （2） 表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,

10、 last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。 例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？ （3） 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 例Your reason sounds reasonable 2、在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。（1） 在n

11、eed，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。 例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。 （2） 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read） （3） 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或

12、代詞構(gòu)成主謂關系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。 例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動賓關系，與I是主謂關系。) 試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。) （4） 在某些形容詞不定式做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，diff

13、icult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）3、不能用于或沒有被動語態(tài)的動詞： （1）不及物動詞和不及物動詞短語無被動語態(tài) 例如： Eg. The price has been risen. The price has risen. 價格上升了。 The boy was slept well. The boy slept well. 男孩睡得很熟。 The accident was happened last

14、week. The accident happened last week. 事故是上星期發(fā)生的。 Ø 常見的不及物動詞： appear出現(xiàn)，die死亡，disappear消失，end(vi.)結(jié)束，fail失敗，happen發(fā)生，last持續(xù)，remain仍然是，sit坐，break out爆發(fā)，come true實現(xiàn)，fall asleep睡著，take place發(fā)生，lie躺/說謊 （2）不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞和及物動詞短語 Ø fit適合，have有/舉行，marry結(jié)婚，wish希望，agree with和一致，arrive at/in到達， shake h

15、ands with握手，succeed in成功，take part in參加，belong to屬于 Eg. The bike is belonged to me. The bike belongs to me. The sports meet will be had tomorrow. The sports meet will be held tomorrow. （3）系動詞無被動語態(tài) Ø appear出現(xiàn)，be是，become變成/成為，fall變成，feel感覺，get變成，grow變成，keep 保持，look看上去，remain仍然是，seem似乎，smell聞上去，so

16、und聽上去，stay保持，六、被動語態(tài)常見句型1.be made of 由構(gòu)成 (發(fā)生物理變化) This desk is made of wood.be made from 由構(gòu)成 (發(fā)生化學變化) This kind of paper is made from wood.be made in 在生產(chǎn)或制造 The TV set is made in Japan.be made by 被制造 These machines are made by the workers.2.be used for 被用于 The key is used for locking the door.be use

17、d to do 被用于做某事Man-made satellites are used to send and reveive massages.be used as 被作為來使用English is used as a foreign language in many countries.3.be covered with 被覆蓋 The ground was covered with snow after it snowed.4.be filled with 被裝滿 The bottle was filled with water.5.It is said that 據(jù)說It is said

18、 that the population of the world was very small long long ago. 被動語態(tài)專題訓練題選擇填空()1.The hole must be _ for the tree.A.enought largeB.large enoughC.too largeD.very large()2.Today,too many trees are still _ in the world.A.cutting down B.cut downC.being cut down D.cutted down()3.English _ in many countrie

19、s,but Chinese _ their own languages.A.is spoken,speaks B.speaks,is spokenC.is spoken,speakenD.is spoken,is spoken()4.This kind of apple _ in Jinzhou.A.is grown B.growC.grewD.are grown()5.These young trees must _ after well.A.look B.looks after C.be looked D.looked()6.My coat is made _ cool and silk.

20、A.to B.for C.fromD.of()7.Our teacher was seen _ to the office a moment ago.A.go B.to go C.going D.goes()8.The Oxford Castle _ by Henry·H(1154-1189).It is in very good condition now.A.builtB.was built C.has been builtD.is built()9.Ice can be _ water.A.turn intoB.turn to C.turned into D.turned to

21、()10.Keys are used for _ doors.A.lock B.lockedC.locking D.locks()11.When _ the PRC _?On October ist.A.was,foundB.was,founded C.is,foundD.were,founded()12.Sorry,all the vegetables _.Please come tomorrow.A.sells wellB.have sold out C.have been sold outD.are selling()13.The man is badly hurt.He _ to th

22、e hospital.A.has sent B.has been sent C.sentD.has sent for()14.A big cinema _ in our town next year.A.will put upB.is putting up C.will be put upD.has put up()15.This book _ by a famouse writer many years ago.A.writes B.is writtenC.was writenD.was written()16.She asked me if the story was _ a real p

23、erson.A.based on B.base on C.bases inD.based by()17.Wheat may be grown after the corn and sweet potatoes _.A.harvestB.harvested C.is harvestD.are harvested()18.The greenhouse should be _ glass.A.made ofB.made from C.made into D.made in()19.The strange thing was used _ wine by ancient people.A.for dr

24、inkB.to drinkC.drinkingD.drinked()20.In China the money _ to children for good luck by their parents or other senior in Spring FestivalA.givesB.is givenC.are given D.give翻譯句子1.學生們的作文還沒有交上來。2.這種冰箱是日本生產(chǎn)的。3.水稻產(chǎn)在南方。4.課內(nèi)課外都應該說英語。5.玉米和田薯收獲之后就可以種小麥了。6.博物館里展出的文物不能碰。7.各地都在建溫室用于冬天種菜。8.這種特別的恐龍是在遼寧省發(fā)現(xiàn)的。9.中國共產(chǎn)黨是

25、什么時候建立的？10.這個號碼的鞋已經(jīng)賣完了。課后作業(yè)中考被動語態(tài)練習精選40題（附答案）1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is ; built B. Was ; builtC. Does ; build D .Did ; build2.An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happenedC. is happened D. happened3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B.

26、are grownC .grows D. grow4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visitedC. has been visited D. was visited5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A

27、. are doing B. are being doneC. has been done D. will be done7.The doctor _ for yet.A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sentC. won't be sent D. wasn't sent8.-When _ this kind of computer_?-Last year.A. did; use B. was; usedC. is; used D. are; used9.Who _ this book _?A. did; written B. was;

28、written byC. did; written D .was; written10.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B. was asked toC. is asked D .asks to11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to usC. is told us D .told us12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump13.Ol

29、der people _ well.A. looks after B .must be looked afterC. must look after D .looked after14.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listenC. be listened D. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is servedC. serves D. served16. It w

30、as reported that the murderer _ arrested.A. has been B. had beenC. has D. had17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A. would be completed B. will be completedC. had been completed D. is being completed18. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.A. have taken plac

31、e; was foundedB. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded19.Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?She has _ by her classmates.A. laughed B. laughed atC. been laughed D. been laughed at20. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needingC. are needed

32、 D. will need21. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care B. be taken care ofC. take care D. take care of22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter thebuilding.A. been given B. given.C. to give D. be given23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave B. was givenC. w

33、as giving D. had given24. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent from B. prevented fromC. be prevented from D. to prevent from25. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being builtC. been built D. be building26. This bike _ last year.A. bought B. has been boughtC. was bought D. had been bought27. Did you see the house that _ by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyedC. would destroy D.