初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)教案

1、WORD格式初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講解一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一定義：表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或存在的狀態(tài)，還表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力及客觀真理。I get up at 6:30 in the morning .She is at home .(二)構(gòu)成：主要用動(dòng)詞原形表示，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加 s/es。(三)句型1、肯定句：主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +其他。She reads English everyday .2、否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ) +dont/doesn 謂語(yǔ)t+ +其他。He doesn t get up at 6:30 in the morning .3、一般疑問(wèn)句： Do/Does+主語(yǔ) +V 原

2、 +其他？Do you like English "Yes ,I do ./No, I dont .4、特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+do/does+主語(yǔ) +V 原+其他？What time do you get up every morning "Where does your father work "三用法1、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或存在的狀態(tài)，帶與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如： often , sometimes , usually， always , everyday year，month , once/twice a week (month , year , e

3、tc.) , seldom ,等連用。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式- 1 -專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式I leave home for school at seven every morning .2、表示客觀真理，科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言警句。The sun rises in the east日.出東方。The earth goes around the sun地.球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。Light travels faster than sound 光.的速度比聲音的速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast

4、 of the Pacific Ocean.美國(guó)位于太平洋西岸。3、根據(jù)英文語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I'll tell him the news when he comes back.他回來(lái)時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting .4、僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了"描述現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)"，其重點(diǎn) "不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài) "。例如：He ca

5、n speak five foreign languages他.能說(shuō)五種外語(yǔ)。That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音樂(lè)。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式- 2 -專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式All my family love football . 我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others .我妹妹總是樂(lè)于助人。四動(dòng)詞第三

6、人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)那么1、一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后直接加-s;如： help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。2、以 s，x，ch，sh 或 o 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-es;如： dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y 變?yōu)?i，再加 -es;如： study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries 等。4、動(dòng)詞 have 遇在主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，have 改為 has，如： He has an interesting book .5

7、、動(dòng)詞 be 遇有主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)， be 改為 am，遇有主語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)時(shí)， be 改為 are，遇有主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)， be 改為 is即學(xué)即練給出以下動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)talk_forget_ hope_stop_write_perform_play_say_buy_ worry_fly_study_like_make_take_love_recite_become_come_drive_shine_用所給詞的正確形式填空1. He_(be) a teacher at No. 2 Middle School.2. He_(have) classes in the afternoo

8、n.專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式- 3 -專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式3. He_(get) up at half past six every morning.4. He always _(come) to school on time.5. He _(study) very hard at his lesson.6. One and two _(be) three.7. Blue and yellow _(make) green.8. The earth _(move) round the sun.9. I will go there if I _( be) free tomorrow.10. I

9、 will go there when I _(have) time tomorrow.11. He won t come to the party unless he _(be) invited.12. I ll wait here until my mother _(come) back.13. Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish) reading it.14. Once you _(see) him, you will never forget him按要求完成句子1.She has a lot of

10、 work to do this week.改(為一般疑問(wèn)句 )_2.We have a big TV set in our house.改(為否認(rèn)句 )_3.Does she have any English-Chinese dictionary"(作否認(rèn)答復(fù) )_4.We have some nice pictures主.(語(yǔ)改為he)_專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式- 4 -專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式5.Ann has a basketball.改(一般疑問(wèn)句 )_6. Do you often play football after school" (肯定答復(fù) )7.Gao

11、 Shans sister likes tennis.改為否認(rèn)句二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)一概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。二構(gòu)造： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示。根本構(gòu)造否認(rèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句Be 動(dòng)詞was/ were+notwas 或 were 提前，放于句首行為動(dòng)詞didnt+do動(dòng)詞原形Did+主語(yǔ) +do動(dòng)詞原形三句式1、肯定句：主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 +其他。I was in Beijing yesterday .I went to the beach yesterday .2、否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ) +wasnt或 weren其t+他。主語(yǔ) +didn t + 原V+其他

12、。I wasn t in Beijing yesterday .專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式- 5 -專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式I didnt go to the beach yesterday .3、一般疑問(wèn)句： was/ were+主語(yǔ) +V 原+其他？Did + 主語(yǔ) +V 原+其他？Were you in Beijing yesterday "Did you go to the beach yesterday "4、特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ was/ were+主語(yǔ) +其他？特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +did+主語(yǔ) +V 原+其他？Where were you yesterday &q

13、uot; /Where did you go yesterday "三用法1、表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，常與明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year), ago,theother day ,just now ,at the age of等連用,in。1980如：At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .2、表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。When I was a child ,I often play the f

14、ootball in the street .3、在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。He said he wouldnt go if it rained .四動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的規(guī)那么變化一加 ed，二加 d，三要雙寫(xiě)，四注意， y 變成 ied，特殊形式特殊記。規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化如下：專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式- 6 -專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式1.一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed ，如：look -lookedplay -playedwork- worked2.以不發(fā)音的-e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d，如：hope- hopedlive-livedmove-movedhope -

15、hoped3.以輔音字母+ y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把 -y 變?yōu)?-i 再加 -ed，如：study-studiedtry-triedcry-criedworry-worried4.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop -stoppedbeg- begged plan- planneddrop-dropped即學(xué)即練將以下動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式1. look2. live3. stop4. carry5. hope6. trip7. call8. finish9. want10.are11. go12.have13.do14.get15e16.say17.see18

16、.put19.eat20.take21.read用所給詞的正確形式填空1. He_(be) here a moment ago.2. They _(be) here just now.3. The scientists _(leave) for America yesterday.4. Last week we _(visit ) the Science Museum.5. When I was a child, I often _(play) football.6. The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(rin

17、g)專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式- 7 -專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式根據(jù)要求改寫(xiě)以下句子1、Lucy did her homework at home.改否認(rèn)句Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge.變一般疑問(wèn)句 )_ he _ _ meat in the fridge"3、She stayed there for a week.對(duì)劃線局部提問(wèn)_ _ _ she _ there"4、There was some orange in the cup.變一般疑問(wèn)句 )_ there _ oran

18、ge in the cup"5、They had a meeting yesterday.改(為一般疑問(wèn)句 )theya meeting yesterday"6、Mrs Black does some cleaning every Sunday.改(為一般疑問(wèn)句 )Mrs Blacksome cleaning every Sunday"7、 My brother went to Shanghai three days ago.向劃線局部提問(wèn)your brother _ _ three days ago"專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式- 8 -專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WOR

19、D格式三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)一概念 :表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .二構(gòu)造1、由 will +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成 ，其will適用于各種人稱(chēng)，與主語(yǔ)連在一起時(shí)，常?？s寫(xiě)為。ll變否認(rèn)句時(shí)，只需在will 后加 not，可縮寫(xiě)為won t。在疑問(wèn)句中， will 需提前，構(gòu)成 will+ 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形的構(gòu)造。He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達(dá)這里。2、shall+動(dòng)詞原形 常用于主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)I sha

20、ll / will not be free tomorrow . 我明天沒(méi)空。3、be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 打算、準(zhǔn)備做某事He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。三用法1、表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如： tomorrow, next dayweek，month， year，this evening (weekend ), in the future , in a few minut，thesday aftertomorrow ,by， soon 等連用。I will pa

21、y a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you won t be late next time .2、當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間或條件句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式- 9 -專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式I ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance.即學(xué)即練1. She will be back in three days.2. They are going to clean thei

22、r classroom.用所給詞的正確形式填空1. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mothergiveher a present.2. It is very cold these days. It _snowsoon.3. -_ you _behere this Saturday" -No. I _visit my teacher.4. -_ I _getyou a copy of today's newspaper" -Thank you.5. I am afraid therebea meeting this a

23、fternoon. I can't join you.6.Mikebelieve, notthis until heseeit with his own eyes.7.Most of us don't think their team _win .四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-10-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式一概念： 表示過(guò)去的某時(shí)以后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但這個(gè)" 將來(lái) "時(shí)間絕不會(huì)延伸到“現(xiàn)在 ；而僅限于“過(guò)去時(shí)間區(qū)域內(nèi) 。二構(gòu)造1. “would+動(dòng)詞原形。常表示按方案或安排即將發(fā)生的事。2. “was/ were+going to+動(dòng)詞原形。?？捎?/p>

24、來(lái)表示按方案或安排即將發(fā)生的事。3. come， go， leave， arrive， start 等動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。即學(xué)即練1.I told my friend that I _( arrive) soon.2.They looked at those clouds over the sky. It_( rain)3.They said that they _(meet) at the gate the next day.4.We _( go) out when it started to rain.5. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the G

25、reat Wall next summer.6. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long.五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)一構(gòu)造由 Be(amisare) 動(dòng)詞 ing 構(gòu)成。二用法1、表示說(shuō)話時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作及行為，或者包括說(shuō)話時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及標(biāo)志詞：now( at themoment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days等。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-11-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式Listen , Someone is playing the

26、piano in the next room .2、表示一種漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程。My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English .3、與 always , all the time , forever 等連用，表示說(shuō)話人某種強(qiáng)烈的情感，如：贊許、批評(píng)；喜歡、厭惡等。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself .表示贊許他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。She is often doing well at school.表示滿意她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯(cuò)的。Are yo

27、u feeling better today" 表示親切你今天覺(jué)得好一些嗎？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.表示不滿我的一個(gè)室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting theirproducts to us .表示不喜歡有些推銷(xiāo)員老是敲我家的門(mén),向我們推銷(xiāo)他們的產(chǎn)品。4、表示移位的動(dòng)詞，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)可表將來(lái)。She is leaving for Beijing

28、next weak .My friend is coming for dinner .三句型1、肯定句：主語(yǔ) + be(amisare) 動(dòng)詞ing +其他。I am studying now .專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-12-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式2、否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ) + be +not+動(dòng)詞ing +其他。I am not studying now .3、一般疑問(wèn)句： Be+主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞ing +其他？Is she studying now " Yes ,she is ./No,she isnt .4、特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ Be+主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞ing +其他？What are y

29、ou doing now "四動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式構(gòu)成的幾種方法：1、一般在動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)尾直接加-ing 。read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting2、以不發(fā)音字母e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e 再加 -ing。live-living, write-writing ，make-making,take-taking3、 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母再加 -ing 。sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting4、少數(shù)幾個(gè)以ie 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie 為 y

30、再加 -ing。die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying即學(xué)即練寫(xiě)出以下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_come_get_stop_sit_begin_shop_live_take_專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-13-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother

31、 _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now"5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing"She _(listen ) to music.9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _(have)supper n

32、ow 10._Helen_(wash )clothes" Yes ,she is六、過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)一構(gòu)造：由 was/were+動(dòng)詞 -ing 構(gòu)成。否認(rèn)形式：主語(yǔ) +was/were + not +doing+其他一般疑問(wèn)句：把was 或 were 放于句首。 (第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě)其句式變化仍然要在be 上做文章。二用法：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)展或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特指時(shí)間常用一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明，如：at thistime yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at thattim

33、e 以 when 或 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等。My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-14-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式注意：1以 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句動(dòng)作，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)展。When he called me , I was having dinner .（ 2以 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句與主句的動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻同時(shí)進(jìn)展， while 常譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，同時(shí)。Tom was doing his hmework while hie

34、 sister was watching TV .即學(xué)即練 - 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I _(cook) breakfast when you arrived.2.What _you_( do) at this time yesterday evening"3.We_(have) dinner when the doorbell rang.4.While/ When/ As we_( have) dinner, the doorbell rang.5.They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.6. _ they _(have) a

35、 meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon"No, they _. They _(clean) the classroom.7. She _(make) her dress the whole afternoon8. He asked me if I _ (go) fishing that afternoon.9. In a letter, john told us that he _ (come) to china next month. 10. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morni

36、ng.七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一含義現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-15-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系, 也就是說(shuō) , 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了。)Jane has laid the table.含(義是：已可以吃飯了。)Michael has been ill.(含義是：現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱。)He has returned from abroad. 含(義是：現(xiàn)在已在此地)二構(gòu)造助動(dòng)詞 have /has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 ，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用h

37、as，其他人稱(chēng)用 have 。三句型1、肯定句：主語(yǔ) +have /has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 +其他。I have studied English for 5 years .2、否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ) +have /has+not +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 +其他。We havent been there .3、一般疑問(wèn)句： Have/Has+主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 +其他？Has he eaten that apple "4、特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ have /has +主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 +其他？四用法1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況 ,常與 for, since 連用

38、。e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-16-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式I have lived here since 1998.2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven t seen much of himrecently(lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found

39、 the missing child yet"3 、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如often,sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing"I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occ

40、asions.4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 ， 如now,uptothese fewdays/weeks/months/years, thismorning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has bee too much rain this year.The

41、 relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在之前就已完成的動(dòng)作, 雖然其效果或影專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-17-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù), 但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子，在后面加上 for+ 一段時(shí)間，那么現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性。e.g. Thomas has studied Russian.現(xiàn)(在不再學(xué)俄語(yǔ) )Thomas has studied Russian fo

42、r three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。e.g. We have had four texts this semester.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already 通常用于肯定句中， 意為“已經(jīng) ，位于行為動(dòng)詞之前 , be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。有時(shí)可放在疑問(wèn)句句尾，表示驚訝。例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.Have you fi

43、nished it already？ yet 用于疑問(wèn)句中表示“已經(jīng) ；用于否認(rèn)句中，表示 “還(沒(méi)) 。例如：Has he found his watch yet？他還沒(méi)找到他的表嗎？No, not yet. 是, 還沒(méi)有。ever 意為“曾經(jīng) ，常用于疑問(wèn)句或否認(rèn)句中，位于助動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去分詞之間，表示從過(guò)去到目前為止的時(shí)間。例如：Have you ever been there？你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)那里嗎？Nothing has ever happened here.這里未曾發(fā)生過(guò)什么事。never 意為“曾經(jīng)從未、沒(méi)有 ,是否認(rèn)副詞，在句中位于助專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-18-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格

44、式動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去分詞之間。ever 與否認(rèn)詞 not 連用相當(dāng)于 never。例如：I haven t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her.我從未跟她講過(guò)話。 just 意為“剛剛 , 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) , 表示行為剛剛過(guò)去 , 位于助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。例如：He has just come back from school他.剛從學(xué)校回來(lái)。 just now 意為“剛剛,表示過(guò)去某時(shí) , 用于一般過(guò)去時(shí) , 位于句首或句尾均可。例如：He came from school just now他.剛剛從學(xué)?；貋?lái)。 for 和 since

45、的用法及區(qū)別。 for 與一段時(shí)間連用， since 與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。注意：since 后接過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子。e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.I haven t seen her since she left Shanghai.I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her. have/has gone to、have/has been to 和 have/has been in的區(qū)別。 have/ has gone to 去了 ,在去某地的路上或在某地

46、, 人還未回來(lái)have/ has been to曾經(jīng)去過(guò) , 人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了have/ has been in已經(jīng)在 , 常與一段時(shí)間連用e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去過(guò)*。She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在* 10 年了。Has he gone to Qingdao" 他去*了嗎？專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-19-專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式但不能說(shuō)Have you gone to Qingdao"非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在時(shí)間上沒(méi)有延續(xù)性， 這些動(dòng)詞不能和表示一

47、段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 但是，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，可與 for/since 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。延續(xù)性語(yǔ)境中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段相連用的情況。由于受漢語(yǔ)影響，往往錯(cuò)誤地直譯為：He has fallen asleep for an hour.他睡了一小時(shí)了。×His father has died for three years. 他父親去世三年了。×當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時(shí)，我們往往采取以下解決方法：（ 1將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。所謂狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞就是指這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生后接下來(lái)所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。如：He has been asleep for an hour.fall asleep,“入睡為短暫動(dòng)作，但be asleep“睡著那么為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞