北師大版高中英語必修五第9講：Unit15Learning-語法篇(教師版)

1、第1頁Unit 15 Learning語法篇1、條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣。2、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。3、其他虛擬情況。主句謂語would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might + havedone would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形例：If I had time, I would attend the importantmeeting.If you had followed my advice, you could have passed the exam.If you came/ were to c

2、ome/should come tomorrow, we would hold the party.2.省略if的虛擬條件句：在虛擬條件狀語從句中，可省略if，把were, should, had提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。 例：Should he come(=If he shouldcome), I would tell him to ring you up.3.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 如果主句和從句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。 例：If you had followed thedoctors advice, you would be better now.4.含蓄條件句句中沒

3、有明顯的虛擬條件狀語從句， 而是利用其它手段來代替條件狀語從句， 如用but for, without, or, otherwise等。1.虛擬語氣在虛擬條件狀語從句和主句中的用法時(shí)間虛擬條件狀語從句謂語與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did(were)與過去事實(shí)相反had donedid(were)/were to do/should do一，條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣與將來事實(shí)相反第2頁例：But for your help, we couldnhtave succeed in the experiment.二，名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣1.在某些表示“命令，要求，建議”等的動(dòng)詞，名詞以及形容詞存在的主語從句，賓

4、語從句，表 語從句，同位語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：一堅(jiān)持：insist二命令：order, command四建議：suggest(suggestion n.), advise(advice n.), propose(proposal n.), recommend五要求：require(requirement n.), request, demand, desire, urge例：The graduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.(賓語從句)We agreed to ord

5、er that the task(should) be completed.(同位語從句)His demand is that the boy(should) go with them.(表語從句)It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next.(主語從句)當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意時(shí)，insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”之意時(shí)，后接的賓語從句 應(yīng)當(dāng)用陳述語氣。例：His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.2.在would rather后的

6、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 賓語從句的謂語如果表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 從句用一般過去時(shí)； 如果表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 從句用過去完成時(shí)。例：I would rather I left now.I would rather you came next month.I would rather he had passed the exam.3.在wish后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣從句謂語分類第3頁與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did(were)與過去事實(shí)相反had done與將來事實(shí)相反would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形例：I wish you would go with us tomorrow.I wi

7、sh I had told him the way to the supermarket.I wish that I were a bird.三，其他虛擬情況1.在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣分類從句謂語與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did(were)與過去事實(shí)相反had done與將來事實(shí)相反would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形例：If only I were younger now.If only I had known the news earlier.only if表示“只有 （才）”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，不用虛擬語氣。例：I told him he would succeed onl

8、y if he worked hard.2.虛擬語氣在as if/as though（好像）引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中的用法分類從句謂語與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did(were)與過去事實(shí)相反had done例：He looks as if he were an artist.I remember it clearly as if it had happened yesterday.當(dāng)句子敘述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，從句要用陳述語氣。例：It sounds as if it is raining.第4頁3.用于It(high/ right) time(that)是該干的時(shí)候了”句型

9、中，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。例：Its(high) time that you went/ should go to bed.例1.My grandpa insisted that he _injured and _ to the hospital.A. be, be sentB. was, was sentC. be, was sentD. was, be sent解析：句意：我爺爺堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他受傷了，堅(jiān)決要求把他送到醫(yī)院。本題考查賓語從句和虛擬語氣。Insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，其后所帶的賓語從句用陳述語氣，故第一空用was;意為“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，其后所帶的賓語從

10、句用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”，故答案為D。答案：D。例2. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _ it?A. Had doneB. Have doneC. didD. am doing解析：句意：是約翰打壞的窗戶，你為什么和我說呢？好像是我打壞的一樣。本題考查虛擬語氣。第一句已經(jīng)說明是John打壞的窗戶，所以第二句中as if后面要用虛擬語氣，而且是對(duì)過去的虛擬， 所以要用過去完成時(shí)，故選A。答案：A。例3.(2019北京豐臺(tái)高三二模)Sorry indeed, I

11、_your wedding if I had been in Beijing.Forget it. I know you were out on business.A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attend第5頁D. would have attended解析：句意：確實(shí)很抱歉，如果我在北京的話，我肯定會(huì)參加你的婚禮的。算了吧，我知道那時(shí)你 在外出差。根據(jù)語境可知，前者沒有參加后者的婚禮。由此可知，空格處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)表示與過 去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。答案：D。例4.（2019北京通州高三一模）If he _ my advice, he wouldnt hav

12、e lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. would followD. had followed解析：句意：如果他聽了我的建議， 他就不會(huì)失業(yè)了。 根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合句中 “he wouldnt have lost his job”可知此空是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，if從句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故答案選D。答案：D。例5.（2019北京通州高三二模）We would have won if we _ thousands of fans screaning.A. had hadB. hadC. have hadD. Have解析： 句意： 如果我們有成千上

13、萬的粉絲為之吶喊， 那我們已經(jīng)取得勝利了。 根據(jù)“would have won” 可知，本句為對(duì)過去的虛擬，所以if引導(dǎo)的條件句要用過去完成時(shí)，故答案選D。答案：D?；A(chǔ)演練一，單項(xiàng)選擇。1. My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.2. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.A. was B. be C. wereD. is3.Where are the children? The din

14、ners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A. werentB. hadnt beenC. wouldntbeD. wouldnt have been4. If only I _ more confidence in the English speech contest held last week.A. would haveB. have hadC. had hadD. have5. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead

15、 of just talking.A. will doB. has doneC. doD. did6. Id appreciate _ if you could teach me how to use the computer.A. thatB. itC. thisD. you7. What impresses me most is _ he appears in front of others, he wears a science and charming smile.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. that whatever8.（2019北京房山高三二模）Withou

16、t your good advice of learning English, I _ the test last week.A. didnt passB. wouldnt passC. wouldnt have passedD. hadnt passed9.（2019北京豐臺(tái)高三一模）With a little more care, you _ the traffic accident. Its lucky that youjust hurt your arm.A. can avoidB. avoided C. had avoidedD. could have avoided10.（2019

17、北京東城高三二模）I might speak French fluently if I _ the chance to stay in France forsome time.A. am being given B. were given C. will be givenD. would be givenKeys：1-10 ABACD BDCAB鞏固提高第6頁A. ShouldB. mightC. couldD. would第7頁，完成句子。1.他們究竟去哪里了？我不知道，但我希望我知道。Where on earth have they gone?I have no idea, but I w

18、ish I _ (know).2.他明天要來。但我寧愿他后天來。He will come tomorrow.But Id rather he _(come) the day after tomorrow.3.你該做家務(wù)活了。It is high time that you _ _ the housework.4.要是某一天我能到月球上去多好??！If only I _ _ to the moon one day.5.他說起羅馬來好像他以前去過那里。He talks about Roman as if he _ _ there before.Keys：一，1. Know2. came3. shou

19、ld do4. could go5. had been一，單項(xiàng)選擇。1. I need time to _ on what you offered.A. considerB. reflect C. imagine2. A friend is like a mirror. When you stand in front of a true friend, what is _A. reflecting B. to reflectD. suggestback to you.第8頁C. being reflected3. Playing video games can make children ag

20、gressive and _ attention disorders. So children who playvideo games a lot seem to have more trouble in school.A. contribute toB. result fromC. lie in D. come about4. It is hard for such a little children to _ the difference between right and wrong.A. select B. distinguish C. instructD. reflect5. The

21、 success of a marriage depends on the extent _ which you are prepared to work at it.A. to B. inC. onD. of6.Excuse me, you are supposed to hand in your design now.Im sorry, my computer broke down, or I _ it last night.A. finishedB. would finishC. had finished D.would have finished7. The employee talk

22、ed about his education background, but the manager would rather he _ more onhis working experience,A. focusB. focusedC. occupyD. reflect8. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow二，根據(jù)句意用所給

23、詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Do you like the school?Yeah. I only wish the classes _(be) a little smaller.2.With the Spring Festival approaching, the expertssuggestion that tickets _(book) online is ofvital practice.3.Experts suggest that people should _(take) up some hobbies, which may help reduce pressureand depress

24、ion.D. been reflected4.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Irather he_(focus) more onits culture.5.The story is so vividI feel as if I_(be) there.6.Look at the trouble I am in! If on ly I_(be) more careful whe n drivi ng.7.He is a poorly lear ned man, bet he acts as thoug

25、h he_(be).Keys:一，1-8 BAABA DDA2. be booked4. focused6. Had been7. were一，完型填空。Abraham Li ncol n (亞伯拉罕.林肯)was born in 1809. At that time, the Uni ted States did not look like the that weknow today. There were _2_ states, as you can see on the 3. Most of the states werein the East and the South, and th

26、ere were only two states in the West, _4_ the coast and the mountains.The state where Li ncoln was born was in the 5 of the country betwee n the North and the South. His fatherwas a farmer who _6_ had much mon ey, 7 his family ofte n did not even have eno ugh food to _8_. Little Abrahamhad to work o

27、n his father _9_ when He was only six years old.In those days, if pare nts wan ted to send their10 to school, they had to 11 the teachers that ranthe school. Abrahams father could not read or write , and he did not think the bo2 any schooling (學(xué) 校教育).“Abe ise will not be different if he can read and

28、 write,”e said.“Andpoor people havent anything to count,so Abe will not 13_ arithmetic (算術(shù)).”But Abesmother did not 14 him, and when a teacher came to open a school, Abesmother man aged (設(shè)法)to 15 eno ugh money to send Abe and his sister there.Abe loved school 16 the first day , and he was always the

29、 17一pupil in his class, but he was a boy 18_第9頁1. were3. take5. were第10頁other boys and he was not con fide nt. He lear ned to read and write very quickly, and in one of his schoolbooks he 19Abraham Lincoln, His hand and pen;He will be good, But God knows 201. A. worldB. countryC. capitalD. state2. A

30、. manyB. moreC. smallerD. fewer3. A. blackboardB. wallC. mapD.door4. A. betwee nB. amongC. overD. n ext to5. A. edgeB. centreC. backD. middle6. A. usuallyB. everC. neverD. all7. A. soB. becauseC. thenD. but8. A. wearB. pla ntC. growD. eat9. A. farmB. playgro undC. isla ndD. mountain10. A. brothersB.

31、 childre nC.sonsD. daughters11. A. helpB. costC. payD. spend12. A. neededB. wan tedC. lovedD. tried13. A. readB. lear nC. copyD. teach14. A. refuseB. explai nC. agree withD. hear of15. A. stealB. robC. findD. save16. A. fromB. atC. inD. on17. A. oldestB. youn gestC. bestD. richest18. A. likeB. asC. forD. towards19. A. saidB. wroteC.sangD. played20. A. whyB. whatC. whe nD. where二，寫作。如何理解“成功” ，不同的人有不同的看法。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面的引語(quotation)，按