英語專升本考試重點復習內(nèi)部資料專升本英語語法,詞匯,閱讀理解.翻譯

1、語法 七大語法考試重點一 獨立主格（一）： 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：     名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞；     名詞(代詞)+形容詞；     名詞(代詞)+副詞；     名詞(代詞)+不定式；     名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。（二） 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點：1）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）

2、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。舉例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you

3、tomorrow.   This done, we went home.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.二 過去完成時1） 概念：表示過去的過去其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。2） 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。 She said

4、 (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本，未能" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, unti

5、l , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例題 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get

6、 a book she _ in the office.  A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left注意：had no sooner than 剛 就           He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.三 強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)考試重點：   強調(diào)句型的基本形式It is（was

7、）+被強調(diào)部分+that（who）；強調(diào)句型用來強調(diào)狀語。一、強調(diào)句型的基本形式It is（was）+被強調(diào)部分+that（who）。二、強調(diào)句型用來強調(diào)狀語。1、It was in that small room_ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A. whereB. in whichC. whichd. that2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _she is respected by them.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. wh

8、o 3、It was not until she arrived in class _realized she had forgotten her book.A. and sheB. whenC. sheD. that she四 情態(tài)動詞考試重點：情態(tài)動詞+完成時情態(tài)動詞用來表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動詞無人稱變化，在句子中和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。根據(jù)這幾年的考試看，著重測驗情態(tài)動詞接完成時的用法。一、must +現(xiàn)在完成時表示對已發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定的猜測。1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have repl

9、ied before now.A. must have received B. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive2、I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had二、should （ought to ）+完成時表示應(yīng)該做的事情而沒有做，否定式表示不該做的事情做了。含

10、有對過去的動作的責備、批評。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done2、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephoneB. have phoned C. should have phonedD. should be phoned三、could +完成時表示能做的事情而沒有做。表示對過去能做而

11、未做的事情感到惋惜，遺憾。1、He could have joined us, but he didnt get our invitation in time.2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.五 虛擬語氣 考試重點：虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄條件句；以wish（that）引導的表示“愿望”的賓語從句；would rather 引導的從句；以as if, as though 引導的從句；以suggest, advise, insist 等詞后引導的賓語從句；It is necessary（impor

12、tant）that引導的主語從句；It is time （that）句型中。一、虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法：虛擬（條件）語氣中，主句與從句中謂語動詞的形式可分為下面三類：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A. spoke B. speak C. had spoke

13、n D. will speak3、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came二、if的省略形式在虛擬條件句中， 如謂語包含were , had, should等詞， 則可以把這些詞放到主語前面，省略if。1、_ you were busy, I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have reali

14、zed that D. As I realized 2、_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us三、含蓄條件句有時一個假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用with，without，but for。1、Without your help, we _ so much.A. didnt achieve B. would not have ach

15、ieved C. will not achieve D. dont achieve2、But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had四、以wish（that）引導的表示“愿望”的賓語從句wish后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，而在虛擬語氣中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用類似在非真實條件中從句時態(tài)的應(yīng)用。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿茫褐髡Zwish 從句（主語過去時）；表示一個過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望用：主語wish +從句（主語過去完成時）；1、Peter wishes tha

16、t he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would studyI didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be五、would rather句子（過去時）1、Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. rather B. better C. happier

17、D. furtherI am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. come B. would come C. came D. have come六、以as if，as though引導的從句在as if，as though引導的從句中，如果談?wù)摰氖遣豢赡芑虿徽鎸嵉那闆r時，它們所引用的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣，動詞形式和wish 后面的從中動詞形式變化相同。1、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knew C.

18、 had known D. would have known2、You are talking as if you had seen them七、以suggest，advise，insist等詞后引導的賓語從句中，從句的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。類似的動詞有：propose，order，demand，require，request等。1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. had B. would have C. have D.

19、 was going to have2、His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on 八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引導的主語從句中，從句的謂語動詞要用should+原形動詞，should可以省略。1、Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week.A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come2

20、、Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged九、It is time (that)引導的定語從句中，謂語動詞用過去時。1、Its high time we _ something to stop traffic accident.A. do B. will do C. did D. must do 2、Dont you think it is time you _

21、smoking?A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up六 狀語從句在主從句中起狀語作用的從句叫狀語從句。常見的狀語從句有時間、地點、條件、原因、讓步、方式、比較、目的、結(jié)果。一、時間狀語從句常用的連詞有：when，whenever（無論什么時候），since，as，until，hardlywhen，no soonerthan，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute（一就）1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _ it

22、 started raining hard.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. after2、She has wanted to become a nurse _ since she was a young girl.A. longB. oftenC. alwaysD. ever二、條件狀語從句常用if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要。1、_ Im mistaken, Ive seen that man before.A. UnlessB. IfC. BecauseD. Provided2、_ you return those books to the

23、 library immediately you will have to pay a fine.A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. Provided三、原因狀語從句常用：because, as, since。如果表示必然的因果關(guān)系，一般用because引入；而since表示一種間接或附帶的原因；用as 只是提一下。1、He cannot go to school because he is ill. 2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 四、讓步狀語從句常用though/although，as （盡管），ev

24、en if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等1、In short, _ he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. whateverB. wheneverC. whicheverD. wherever2、_, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A. No matter whoever you areB. Whomever you are C. Whoever you are D. No matte

25、r who are you3、_ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.A. Even ifB. If onlyC. Instead ofD. Despite of 4、Young _ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.A. thatB. asC. althoughD. however五、方式狀語從句常用as, just as, as if/though 等詞。1、_ was pointed above, this substance can be used

26、 as a substitute.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As2、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have known六、目的狀語從句常用so that , in order that, lest （以免， 以防）, in case。1、I wrote it down _ I should forget it.A. in caseB. in case ofC. in order thatD. for fear of2、Ill give you my

27、 phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.七、結(jié)果狀語從句常用sothat, suchthat They are _ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.A. so diligentB. such diligentC. so much diligentD. such very diligent七 主謂一致考試重點：形式上復數(shù)、意義單數(shù)的名詞做主語；動名詞、不定式，從句做主語；a number+of+復數(shù)名詞和the

28、number+of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞做主語；主語由as well as 等詞修飾時的主謂一致；當用and連接的名詞前有each，every等修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。一、名詞physics （物理），maths（數(shù)學），news（新聞），means（方法），works（工廠）等一般被認為是形式是復數(shù)，意思是單數(shù)的名詞，它們做主語的時候動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 Every means has been tried. 二、動名詞、不定式、從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。When and where the new hospital will be built _ a mystery.A. to remai

29、nB. remainsC. remainD. is remaining三、當主語是a number+of+復數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；當主語是the number+of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)1、A number of cars _ in front of my house.A. was parkedB. were parkingC. is parkingD. are parked四、當主語由as well as 等詞修飾時的主謂一致。當句中的主語后接as well as，along with，together with，including，accompanied by等短語+名詞

30、（代詞）時，主語與謂語的一致關(guān)系不受影響，主語是單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.2、No one but Jane and Tom was there then.五、當用and連接的名詞前有each，every等修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。當主語是eachand，everyand every，many aand結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.2、In

31、 our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.語法 語法詞匯習題(一)1. Water is _ short in many big cities. A. running  B. flowing  C. becoming  D. moving2. Excuse me for _ you with such a small matter.A. troubling  B. taking  C. interrupting  D. m

32、aking3. This morning our water supply was _ because of the cold weather.A. let down  B. cut off  C. taken up  D. brought away4. The market was filled with salted fish, _ the worst smell that you can imagine.A. sending off  B. giving up  C. sending down  D. giving off5.

33、It was because the applicant was too proud _ he failed in the interview.A. therefore  B. that  C. so that  D. so6. Tom used to live in California, _?A. used he  B. did he  C. was he  D. didnt he7. So far there is no proof _ people from other planets do exist.A. whi

34、ch  B. how  C. what  D. that 8. Never before _so highly successful in changing his surroundings.A. man has been  B. man is  C. has man been  D. is man9. _ from the helicopter, the city looks very beautiful.A. Seeing  B. Having seen  C. Seen  D. To see10.

35、The newspapers reported yesterday several _on the boundaries of these two countries.A. incidents  B. happenings  C. events  D. accidents11. Some of the students in his class seem _to do their assignments.A. boring  B. interesting  C. tiring  D. unwilling12. Lets work ha

36、rd to find _to the problem.A. an answer  B. a way  C. a method  D. a solution 13. They have developed techniques which are _ to those used in most factories.A. simpler  B. better  C. superior  D. greater14. At the beginning of this term， our English teacher _a list of b

37、ooks for us to read.A. turned out  B. made out  C. handed in  D. passed on15. Im sorry I have _dictionary. Youd better go to the library.A. not such  B. not such a  C. not a such  D. no such a16. If Mary had not been badly hurt in a car accident, she _in last months mar

38、athon race.A. would participate  B. might participate C. would have participated  D. must participate17. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _.A. taking  B. take  C. taken  D. to take18. Liquids are like solids _they have a definite volume.A. in which

39、60;B. that  C. in that  D. which19. When a friend gave Jim a ticket to the game, he _go.A. couldnt help  B. cannot do but C. couldnt help but  D. just have to20. I was surprised to find his article on such an _topic so _.A. excited; boring  B. exciting; bored C. ex

40、citing; boring  D. excited; bored21. Tom likes _foreign coins.A. gathering  B. assembling  C. collecting  D. accumulating22. Luckily, most sheep _the flood last month.A. endured  B. survived  C. opinion  D. passed23. They thought about the problem for a long time b

41、ut came to no _.A. end  B. result  C. opinion  D. conclusion24. The real trouble _their lack of confidence in their abilities.A. lies in  B. lies on  C. lies about  D. lies off25. The story was so funny that everyone _.A. laughed  B. interested  C. amused 

42、; D. joked26. He _me by two games to one.A. beat  B. conquered  C. gained  D. won27. _, the next problem was how to make a good plan.A. Having made the decision  B. Has the decision been made  C. The decision having been made D. The decision has been made28. The brain i

43、s capable of ignoring pain messages if _to concentrate on other activities.A. it allowed  B. allowed  C. is it allowed  D. allowed it29. The child was sorry _his mother when he arrived at the station.A. to miss  B. having missed  C. missing  D. to have missed30. There i

44、s no point _with him, since he has already made up his mind.A. argue  B. to argue  C. in arguing  D. of arguing 32. _ helping those who are unwilling to help themselves?A. What sense is it about  B. Whats the point of C. Whats the sense with  D. What point is it in33. I

45、ts almost a year since I left my mother. Im really _ seeing her. A. looking back on  B. looking up to C. looking forward to  D. looking out over34. If I found the book, I _ it to you. A. will bring  B. would have brought C. would bring  D. might have brought35. Criticis

46、m and self-criticism is necessary _ it helps us to correct our mistakes. A. in that  B. in time  C. in turn  D. in effect36. The audience is _ at last years concert. A. much more than that  B. much larger than that  C. much larger than  D. large enough than37. It occurr

47、ed to her that she might _ a homeless child. A. adapt  B. adopt  C. adjust  D. admit38. He works too hard. Thats _ is wrong with him. A. how  B. where  C. why  D. what39. All _ is peace and progress. A. what is needed  B. which is needed C. that is needed 

48、0;D. for our needs40. People cannot close their eyes to the facts _. A. no longer  B. not any longer C. any longer  D. not longer語法 語法詞匯習題(二)1. _ born in China, the boy was brought up in the USA.A. Although        B. Since    

49、0;   C. As          D. When2. _ is known to all, haste makes waste. A. What      B. That          C. As       D. Which3. That is the very old wom

50、an _ house was burned down last night.A. which      B. her         C. of whom           D. whose4. Hardly had he finished his speech _ the audience started cheering.A. than  &

51、#160;      B. then         C. when        D. as soon as5. _ the book, he found out some answers to this question.A. As he reading         B. At his readingC. As

52、 reading            D. On reading6. The spacecraft will send back _ on surface winds and temperatures.A. many new information              B. some new information   

53、           C. a new information              D. a few new information7. The reason for my refusal is _ youre unreliable.A. because       B. that  

54、;          C. due to         D. for8. He came all the way to China for promoting friendship _ for making money.A. other than      B. instead    C. apart from   

55、 D. rather than9. If you dont mind, I _ do my homework than play cards with you.A. had better     B. would rather        C. prefer     D. would like10. No one, except his two best friends,  _ where he is.A. know 

56、60;       B. to know       C. knows         D. knowing11. _, you would have seen your favorite movie star.A. If you arrived earlier           B. If yo

57、u had arrived earlierC. Unless you arrived earlier       D. Unless you had arrived earlier12. The drivers carelessness _the death of three passengers.A. resulted from    B. resulted in     C. came across    D. came about

58、13. In England,tea_with milk and sugar.A. is serving     B. is served       C. serves     D. served14. Written in great haste,_.A. the secretary made a lot of mistakes in the reportB. there were a lot of mistakes in the reportC. w

59、e found a lot of mistakes in the report                          D. the report was full of mistakes15. Its suggested that each one of us_the training classes for English.

60、A. takes part in          B. take part inC. took part in           D. would take part in16. The only thing _interests me is the progress of my students.A. what       

61、0; B. that         C. which         D. it17. People do not realize the importance of good health _ they have lost it.A. until          B. when     

62、60;    C. since          D. as18. If there were no homework at weekends, students would have _at home.A. the happiest time           B. much happiest timeC. a more happier time  &#

63、160;     D. a much happier time19. The reason he won the election is _he is honest and confident of himself.A. why          B. what           C. that      

64、    D. which20. Mr. and Mrs. Brown _ a small restaurant in China Town in New York.A. serve           B. start         C. open          D. run21. He cannot _ a car, for he doesnt earn that much money.A. obtain          B. get           C. deserve          D. afford22. It was in 1949_the